RESUMO
The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays an important homeostatic role in the cardiovascular system (CVS) by maintaining appropriate blood pressure through production of nitric oxide. The 894TT genotype of 894G>T (Glu298Asp, rs1799983), a polymorphic variant of eNOS, has been associated with several vascular diseases. On the basis of this strong relationship, we monitored daily 585 critically ill adult patients according to their degree of CVS dysfunction and investigated their disease progression by the 894G>T genotype. To obtain information of the general population, we obtained the 894G>T genotypic and allelic frequencies in a random group of 149 healthy subjects. The patients were genotyped for the eNOS 894G>T polymorphism and daily evaluated according to their degree of CVS dysfunction through the Cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. The mean value of the global CVS dysfunction score was significantly higher in 894TT patients (1.35 ± 0.57) than in non-894TT patients (1.23 ± 0.37; P = 0.035). This score remained significantly higher in 894TT patients, even in different patient clusters (all patients, septic, and non-septic patients) during the 1st week at the intensive care unit (1.86 ± 0.8 versus 1.63 ± 0.62, P = 0.005; 2.32 ± 0.10 versus 2.06 ± 0.08, P = 0.009; 0.84 ± 0.09 versus 0.64 ± 0.08, P = 0.027; respectively). This result shows that the mean values of the cardiovascular SOFA score were higher in 894TT patients in all subgroups. The present study provides evidence that the 894TT eNOS genotype is associated with a higher degree of CVS dysfunction in critically ill patients.
Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular/metabolismo , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto , Idoso , Sistema Cardiovascular/patologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/fisiopatologia , Estado Terminal , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: High sodium intake contributes to arterial hypertension; the relationship between high blood pressure and human aging is stronger among populations with high sodium intake. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research is to compare subjective and objective methods on the estimate of the consumption of sodium. METHODS: This is a retrospective investigation along with secondary topics from the raw data base. The subjective method used was result of the score of the application of a questionary about the sodium intake, where the sodium consumption report was converted into daily mg of sodium intake. The objective method was the result of the urine excretion of hypertensive persons older than 50 years during 24 hours. The topics were analyzed by the software SPSS using the Spearman correlation. RESULTS: The main results did not show a significant linear correlation between the values of the sodium intake reported in the questionnaire and the values of the sodium (Na) 24 h collections. CONCLUSION: New studies possibly will elucidate the present results among the divergence faced with other studies.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Hipertensão/dietoterapia , Sódio na Dieta , Idoso , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sódio/urina , Software , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A comparison of the risk factors and occurrence of oral cancer in Brazil and India is presented. These two countries have among the highest incidence rates for such cancer in the world. A distinct pattern of risk factors was observed for each country: in India, tobacco chewing was the predominant risk factor: in Brazil, the major risk factor was the combination of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Observations by descriptive epidemiology reveal high age-standardized incidence rates of oral cancer along with some distinctive differences associated with age distribution, sex ratios, and trends in each country. The desirability of additional oral cancer prevention research is also emphasized.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Plantas Tóxicas , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fumar , Tabaco sem FumaçaRESUMO
The Cardiovascular Diseases and Alimentary Comparison (CARDIAC) Study (1) was designed to study the relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure (BP) and other major cardiovascular disease (CVD) in widely different populations of both industralized and developing countries. The primary aim of the research was to test specific hypotheses linking the intake of certain dietary constituents, e.g., sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and protein, to BP (core study). The final aim was to contribute to the scientific information base required to guide the formulation of dietary goals for the primary prevention of CVD. The results of the preliminary analysis of data from Brazil in 57 inhabitants (22 men and 35 women) suggest a nonsignificant statistical correlation of Na intake estimated by urinary Na excretion and diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) (p greater than 0.05), K intake estimated by urinary K excretion for DBP and SBP (p greater than 0.05), and taurine intake estimated by taurine urinary excretion for DBP and SBP (p greater than 0.05). A positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and BP (p less than 0.01), for both DBP and SBP.