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Background: Essential Hypertension (EH) is a global health issue. Despite extensive research, much of EH heritability remains unexplained. We investigated the genetic basis of EH in African-derived individuals from partially isolated quilombo populations in Vale do Ribeira (SP-Brazil). Methods: Samples from 431 individuals (167 affected, 261 unaffected, 3 unknown) were genotyped using a 650k SNP array. Estimated global ancestry proportions were 47% African, 36% European, and 16% Native American. We constructed six pedigrees using additional data from 673 individuals and created three non-overlapping SNP subpanels. We phased haplotypes and performed local ancestry analysis to account for admixture. Genome-wide linkage analysis (GWLA) and fine-mapping via family-based association studies (FBAS) were conducted, prioritizing EH-associated genes through systematic approach involving databases like PubMed, ClinVar, and GWAS Catalog. Results: Linkage analysis identified 22 regions of interest (ROIs) with LOD scores ranging 1.45-3.03, encompassing 2363 genes. Fine-mapping (FBAS) identified 60 EH-related candidate genes and 117 suggestive/significant variants. Among these, 14 genes, including PHGDH , S100A10 , MFN2 , and RYR2 , were strongly related to hypertension harboring 29 suggestive/significant SNPs. Conclusions: Through a complementary approach - combining admixture-adjusted GWLA based on Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, FBAS on known and imputed data, and gene prioritizing - new loci, variants, and candidate genes were identified. These findings provide targets for future research, replication in other populations, facilitate personalized treatments, and improve public health towards African-derived underrepresented populations. Limitations include restricted SNP coverage, self-reported pedigree data, and lack of available EH genomic studies on admixed populations for independent validation, despite the performed genetic correlation analyses using summary statistics.
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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the first line treatment for bladder cancer and it is also proposed for melanoma immunotherapy. BCG modulates the tumor microenvironment (TME) inducing an antitumor effective response, but the immune mechanisms involved still poorly understood. The immune profile of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells was assessed by infecting these cells with BCG or stimulating them with agonists for different innate immune pathways such as TLRs, inflammasome, cGAS-STING and type I IFN. B16-F10 did not respond to any of those stimuli, except for type I IFN agonists, contrasting with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) that showed high production of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, we confirmed that BCG is able to infect B16-F10, which in turn can activate macrophages and spleen cells from mice in co-culture experiments. Furthermore, we established a subcutaneous B16-F10 melanoma model for intratumoral BCG treatment and compared wild type mice to TLR2-/-, TLR3-/-, TLR4-/-, TLR7-/-, TLR3/7/9-/-, caspase 1-/-, caspase 11-/-, IL-1R-/-, cGAS-/-, STING-/-, IFNAR-/-, MyD88-/-deficient animals. These results in vivo demonstrate that MyD88 signaling is important for BCG immunotherapy to control melanoma in mice. Also, BCG fails to induce cytokine production in the co-culture experiments using B16-F10 and BMDMs or spleen cells derived from MyD88-/- compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Immunotherapy with BCG was not able to induce the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the TME from MyD88-/- mice, impairing tumor control and IFN-γ production by T cells. In conclusion, MyD88 impacts on both innate and adaptive responses to BCG leading to an efficient antitumor response against melanoma.
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Vacina BCG , Imunoterapia , Melanoma Experimental , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Camundongos , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Vacina BCG/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citocinas/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/terapia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/metabolismo , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologiaRESUMO
Descorna cirúrgica em bovinos é uma prática bastante realizada na medicina veterinária, com indicação principalmente para evitar acidentes com fraturas, trabalhadores e outros animais. O objetivo do presente relato seria ressaltar o uso de analgésicos e sedativos em bovinos submetidos a este procedimento cirúrgico, compartilhar técnica cirúrgica utilizada, informações de monitoramento de sinais vitais no trans cirúrgico e recomendações pré, trans e pós-cirúrgicas, assim como possíveis complicações. Foi atendido um bovino da raça Jersey, fêmea, 1 ano de idade, pesando cerca de 222kg, submetido a descorna bilateral devido ao comportamento agressivo. Contido em tronco de contenção e tranquilizado com acepromazina, recebeu meloxicam e associação de sulfa com trimetropim. Após tricotomia e antissepsia foi realizado bloqueio perineural do ramo cornual do nervo zigomático temporal e bloqueio infiltrativo ao contorno de cada corno com lidocaína sem vasoconstritor. Com os cornos insensíveis, se deu início ao procedimento de descorna cirúrgica pela associação das técnicas de serra de gigli com o alicate do tipo Dick Kaber. Concluímos ser de extrema importância a execução da técnica cirúrgica por médico veterinário apto, realizando o procedimento de forma asséptica e com analgesia visando o bem estar do animal. No caso em questão, a associação das técnicas de serra de gigli com o alicate do tipo Dick Kaber foi parcialmente satisfatória, o animal apresentou boa margem de fechamento da sutura e sem deiscência dos pontos, porém houve dificuldades de retirada de margens ósseas pontiagudas após uso do alicate. A tranquilização associada ao bloqueio local foi efetiva para tal procedimento.(AU)
Surgical dehorning in cattle is widely performed practice in veterinary medicine, primarily indicated to prevent accidents involving workers, fights between animals, and skull fractures. This procedure involves the removal of the horns of the horns of cattle and should be performed using ethical methods by a qualified veterinarian. The objective of this case report is to highlight the use of analgesics and sedatives in cattle undergoing this surgical procedure, share the surgical technique employed, information on vital sign monitoring during the procedure, and pre-, intra-, and post-surgical recommendations, as well as potential complications. A Jersey cattle, female, 1 year old, weighing approximately 222kg, underwent bilateral dehorning due to aggressive behavior. Restrained in a cattle chute and tranquilized with acepromazine, she received meloxicam and a combination of sulfadiazine with trimethoprim. After trichotomy and antiseptic preparation, perineural blockade of cornual branch of the zygomatic temporal nerve was performed, follows by infiltrative blockade around each horn with lidocaine without vasoconstrictor. With the horns desensitized, the surgical dehorning procedure began using a combination of Gigli saw and Dick Kaber-type wire snare. In conclusion, it is of utmost importance for the surgical technique to be performed by a qualified veterinarian, ensuring aseptic procedure and correct analgesia for the well-being of the cattle. In this case, the combination of Gigli saw and Dick Kaber-type wire snare was partially satisfactory; the animal had a good suture closure margin and did not present suture dehiscence, but there were difficulties in we moving pointed bony margins after using the wire snare. Tranquilization combined with local blockade was effective for this procedure.(AU)
El descornado quirúrgico del ganado bovino es una práctica muy utilizada en medicina veterinaria, indicada principalmente para prevenir accidentes que involucren fracturas, trabajadores y otros animales. El objetivo de este informe sería resaltar el uso de analgésicos y sedantes en bovinos sometidos a este procedimiento quirúrgico, compartir la técnica quirúrgica utilizada, información sobre el monitoreo de signos vitales durante la cirugía y recomendaciones pre, trans y posquirúrgicas, así como posibles complicaciones. Se trata de una hembra bovina Jersey, de 1 año de edad, con un peso aproximado de 222 kg, siendo sometida a descornado bilateral por comportamiento agresivo. Se recibieron contenidos en un baúl de contención y tranquilizados con acepromacina, meloxicam y una combinación de sulfas y trimetopim. Mediante tricotomía y antisepsia se realizó bloqueo perineural de la rama cornual del nervio temporal cigomático y bloqueo infiltrativo en todo el contorno de cada miembro con lidocaína sin vasoconstrictor. Con cuerpos insensibles se inició el procedimiento de descornado quirúrgico, combinando técnicas de aserrado con alicates Dick Kaber. Concluimos que es de suma importancia realizar la técnica quirúrgica por un veterinario calificado, realizando el procedimiento de manera aséptica y con analgesia administrada para el bienestar del animal. En el caso que nos ocupa, la asociación de técnicas de la sierra con la pinza tipo Dick Kaber fue parcialmente satisfactoria, el animal presentó un buen margen de cierre de sutura y ninguna dehiscencia de los puntos, sin embargo, hubo dificultades para eliminar los márgenes óseos afilados después de usar alicates La tranquilidad asociada al bloqueo local fue eficaz para este procedimiento.(AU)
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Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Amputação Cirúrgica/veterinária , Cornos/cirurgia , Cirurgia Veterinária/métodos , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Anestesia/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of repeated corneal cross-linking in eyes of children and adolescents with progressive keratoconus. Methods: This retrospective study included nine eyes of nine consecutive patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent repeated corneal cross-linking 3.9 (range of 1.6 to 5.6) years after a primary one. All patients were followed for a mean period of 9.11 (range of 6 to 11) years after first treatment and 5.44 (range of 4 to 9) years, after corneal cross-linking retreatment. Results: Nine eyes of nine patients (six male) with progressive keratoconus underwent primary corneal cross-linking from 2009 to 2011. Despite the stability achieved with the epi-off corneal cross-linking, keratoconus continued to progress after some time. Mean time to documented evidence of keratoconus progression after primary corneal cross-linking was 3.9 (range of 1.6 to 5.6) years. All eyes were retreated as soon as progression was noted. At the last follow-up visit, 5.44 (range of 4 to 9) years after repeated corneal cross-linking, there was a significant decrease of 2.02 D in mean maximum topographic K-value (p = 0.045) and 1.95D in mean topographic K-value (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Repeated corneal cross-linking seems to be a safe and effective procedure to halt keratoconus progression after a primary corneal cross-linking failure.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança e a eficácia a longo prazo da repetição do cross-linking corneano em olhos de crianças e adolescentes com ceratocone progressivo. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo que incluiu nove olhos de nove pacientes consecutivos com ceratocone progressivo, que foram submetidos a retratamento com cross-linking corneano de 3,9 (variação de 1,6 a 5,6) anos após tratamento primário com cross-linking corneano. Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados por um período médio de 9,11 (variação de 6 a 11) anos após o primeiro tratamento e 5,44 (variação de 4 a 9) anos após retratamento com cross-linking corneano. Resultados: Nove olhos de nove pacientes (seis homens) com progressão do ceratocone foram submetidos a cross-linking corneano primário de 2009 a 2011. Apesar da estabilidade alcançada com o epi-off cross-linking corneano, o ceratocone continuou a progredir após algum tempo. O tempo médio para evidência documentada de progressão do ceratocone após cross-linking corneano primário foi de 3,9 (intervalo de 1,6 a 5,6) anos. Todos os olhos foram retratados com cross-linking corneano, assim que a progressão foi observada. Na última consulta de acompanhamento, 5,44 (variação de 4 a 9) anos após a repetição do cross-linking corneano, houve diminuição significativa de 2,02 D na média da curvatura máxima (p = 0,045) e 1,95 D na média da curvatura média (p = 0,007). Conclusão: O retratamento com cross-linking corneano parece ser um procedimento seguro e eficaz para interromper a progressão do ceratocone após falha primária do cross-linking corneano.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Crosslinking Corneano/métodos , Ceratocone/tratamento farmacológico , Riboflavina/uso terapêutico , Raios Ultravioleta , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Retratamento , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/uso terapêutico , Paquimetria Corneana , Ceratocone/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To establish the diagnostic performance of fine-needle aspiration in detecting benign and malignant neoplasm in comparison with post-thyroidectomy histopathological findings among patients who received a thyroidectomy. METHODS: Retrospective observational data collected between 2011-2021 were included from patients who received partial or total thyroidectomy. The Bethesda system was used to classify neoplasms from fine-needle aspiration procedures as benign or malignant. Sample characteristics, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients (n=360) who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed, of whom 142 (39.4%) and 218 (60.6%) had benign and malignant neoplasms, respectively. Using the Bethesda system, 23 (6.4%) were classified as unsatisfactory result (BI), 83 (23.1%) as benign (BII), 50 (13.9%) as atypia of undetermined significance (BIII), 23 (6.4%) as suspected follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasia (BIV), 102 (28.3%) as suspected malignancy (BV) and 79 (21.9%) as malignant (BVI). The fine-needle aspiration diagnostic accuracy for carcinomas was 92%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% and 86.9%, respectively. The negative and positive predictive values were 87.9% and 93.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fine-needle aspiration has high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and is a reliable test for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid pathologies.
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Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/patologiaRESUMO
In this study, we examine markers of oxidative stress in the tetra Hyphessobrycon luetkenii collected from two locations in the copper contaminated João Dias creek (southern Brazil). Also, specimens were translocated from a clean reference section of the creek to a polluted stretch and vice-versa. Fish were held at in submerged cages for 96 h and then sacrificed. Nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes and total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in gills, brain, liver and muscle displayed similar trends in both groups. Lipid peroxidation increased in all tissues of individuals translocated to the polluted site but only in liver and muscle of those translocated to the reference site. Increased protein carbonylation was also observed in gills of individuals translocated to the reference location. These results suggest similar oxidative stress among fish from the reference and polluted locations and that long-term metals exposure may require adaptations toward oxidative stress responses.
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Characidae , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Cobre/toxicidade , Cobre/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Characidae/metabolismo , Água Doce , Mineração , Brânquias/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismoRESUMO
Given the high cost of production of animal-based meats and the increase in the number of adepts of meatless diets, the need for plant-based meat substitutes is growing. In this prosperously growing market, there is a lack of knowledge about the nutritional value of these meat substitutes and their ingredients. This study aims to review the nutritional composition and ingredients of meat substitutes commercialized worldwide. An integrative review was performed with a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and 11 studies were selected to compose the sample of this review. Data on meat substitutes' nutritional composition and ingredients from different categories were collected and analyzed. The results showed that meat substitutes commonly present lower energy values and higher amounts of carbohydrates and dietary fiber. Protein values varied according to the meat substitute category, with some showing a higher concentration than others, more specifically in substitutes for bovine meat. Higher values were found in the Pieces category and lower in Seafood substitutes. Unlike animal meat, vegan meat has a proportion of carbohydrates higher than protein in most samples, except for chicken substitutes. Meat substitutes presented similar total and saturated fat content compared to their animal-based counterparts. Higher amounts of fat were found in the "Various" category and lower in "Pieces". Ingredients such as soy, pea, and wheat were the primary protein sources in meat substitutes, and vegetable oils were their primary fat source. Methylcellulose, various gums, and flavorings were the most used food additives. In general, meat substitutes presented high concentrations of sodium, possibly collaborating with an excessive sodium intake, highlighting the need for developing sodium-reduced or sodium-free alternatives. Most of the included samples did not describe the concentration of iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. Further studies are needed to develop meat substitutes with better nutritional composition, fulfilling the need for equivalent substitutes for animal-based meat.
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Zercoseius luizdequeirozi n. sp. is described based on adult females collected from soil/litter samples taken from disturbed areas of the natural vegetation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. This new species differs from Zercoseius spathuliger (Leonardi, 1899), presently the only species included in this genus, reported so far from Europe, northern Africa and northwestern USA, more obviously by the shape of the dorsal shield setae and by having seta s1.
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Ácaros e Carrapatos , Ácaros , Feminino , Animais , Brasil , Florestas , EcossistemaRESUMO
Resumo A hipertensão arterial é uma condição médica caracterizada pela elevação crônica e patológica da pressão arterial, afetando 1,13 bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e constituindo grave problema de saúde pública. Tem natureza multifatorial, sendo influenciada por fatores genéticos/epigenéticos, ambientais e sociais. No Brasil, a hipertensão acomete quase um quarto da população geral. No entanto, a literatura tem demonstrado que populações afrodescendentes, frequentemente às margens dos serviços básicos de saúde, são as mais acometidas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo levantar dados de prevalência e traçar um panorama nacional da doença nas comunidades quilombolas no século XXI, por meio de revisão da literatura. Foram selecionados 15 estudos publicados entre 2001 e 2021 que preencheram os critérios metodológicos de inclusão. Os estudos retratam 140 comunidades quilombolas localizadas em 11 estados brasileiros. A prevalência global média de hipertensão nas comunidades foi de 32,1% (13,8-52,5%). Esse panorama deixa explícito que a hipertensão é um problema de saúde recorrente e de suma importância para essas populações, demandando estratégias específicas para o seu manejo.
Abstract Hypertension is a chronic medical condition characterized by pathological elevation of blood pressure, affecting 1.13 billion individuals globally and presenting a significant public health concern. Its etiology is multifactorial, influenced by genetic/epigenetic, environmental, and social factors. In Brazil, nearly a quarter of the general population experiences hypertension; however, the literature underscores its disproportionate impact on Afro-descendant communities, often marginalized from basic healthcare services. This study aims to gather prevalence data and establish a nationwide overview of hypertension within 21st-century quilombola communities through a comprehensive literature review. Fifteen studies published between 2001 and 2021, meeting the specified methodological criteria, were selected. These studies collectively encompass 140 quilombola communities spanning 11 Brazilian states. The aggregate prevalence of hypertension across these communities averages at 32.1% (ranging from 13.8% to 52.5%). This panorama unequivocally highlights the recurring and paramount health challenge posed by hypertension within these populations, underscoring the need for tailored management strategies.
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ABSTRACT Objective To establish the diagnostic performance of fine-needle aspiration in detecting benign and malignant neoplasm in comparison with post-thyroidectomy histopathological findings among patients who received a thyroidectomy. Methods Retrospective observational data collected between 2011-2021 were included from patients who received partial or total thyroidectomy. The Bethesda system was used to classify neoplasms from fine-needle aspiration procedures as benign or malignant. Sample characteristics, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were evaluated. Results Patients (n=360) who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed, of whom 142 (39.4%) and 218 (60.6%) had benign and malignant neoplasms, respectively. Using the Bethesda system, 23 (6.4%) were classified as unsatisfactory result (BI), 83 (23.1%) as benign (BII), 50 (13.9%) as atypia of undetermined significance (BIII), 23 (6.4%) as suspected follicular or Hürthle cell neoplasia (BIV), 102 (28.3%) as suspected malignancy (BV) and 79 (21.9%) as malignant (BVI). The fine-needle aspiration diagnostic accuracy for carcinomas was 92%, while the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% and 86.9%, respectively. The negative and positive predictive values were 87.9% and 93.9%, respectively. Conclusion Fine-needle aspiration has high diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and is a reliable test for distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid pathologies.
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Worldwide, there is an increasing demand for plant-based food due to sustainable, health, ethical, religious, philosophical, and economic reasons. In Brazil, 14% of the population declares themselves vegetarians, and a noticeable increase in the consumption of vegan products is also noted. Substitution of animal dairy and egg is challenging from both sensory and nutritional aspects. Yet, there are no data regarding the nutritional value and ingredients of Brazilian commercial dairy and egg substitutes. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition and used ingredients in Brazilian commercial vegan alternatives to dairy and eggs to provide information for Brazilian consumers of these products. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out in three steps: (i) sample mapping. (ii) data collection, and (iii) statistical analysis. A total of 152 samples were included. No differences were found between the energy value and total fat of vegan products and their animal counterparts. Vegan products showed higher amounts of carbohydrates and dietary fiber, and only the vegan versions of beverages and cheeses showed less protein than their counterparts. Cashews, rice, coconut, and soy were the most used ingredients in dairy substitutes. Emulsions of oil, starch, and isolated protein were used in vegan egg products. Most vegan beverages presented sugar in their composition. Vegan alternatives of dairy and eggs might be suitable for substituting their animal counterparts, but given that traditional versions of cheeses and milk are sources of protein in omnivorous diets, for equivalent nutritional replacement in vegan products, it is necessary to improve the protein content of their vegan counterparts.
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Leite , Veganos , Animais , Humanos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , DietaRESUMO
Fish living in the João Dias creek (southern Brazil) have to deal with trace-metal contamination in the long-term basis, as this aquatic environment has been historically impacted by copper mining activities. In order to survive in this harsh environment, the local biota had to develop adaptations related to pollution tolerance. The aim of this study was to test if biochemical mechanisms related to osmoregulation were among these adaptations, using translocation experiments. Water ionic and trace-metal compositions were measured in a nonmetal impacted site (NMIS) and in a metal impacted site (MIS) of this creek. Also, whole-body metal accumulation, ion concentration and branchial enzyme activity (Na,K-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase) were evaluated in Hyphessobrycon luetkenii. In both NMIS and MIS, fish were collected and immediately stored, kept caged or translocated from sites. The result shows that waterborne Cu was 3.4-fold higher at the MIS. Accordingly, animals that had contact with this site showed elevated whole-body Cu levels. Moreover, both translocated groups showed elevated Na,K-ATPase activity. Additionally, fish translocated from the NMIS to the MIS showed lower carbonic anhydrase activity. These findings indicate that H. luetkenii chronically or acutely exposed to naturally elevated waterborne Cu showed a rapid Cu bioaccumulation but was unable to readily excrete it. Moreover, classic Cu osmoregulatory toxicity related to Na,K-ATPase inhibition was not observed. Conversely, impacts in ammonia excretion related to carbonic anhydrase inhibition may have occurred.
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Cobre , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Cobre/análise , Brânquias/metabolismo , Metais , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The house fly, Musca domestica L., and the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), are important and harmful organisms. The cosmopolitan house fly is not parasitic, but the adults are annoying and a known vector of several pathogens. The importance of the stable fly has increased in Brazil in the last 40 years, after major changes in sugarcane cultivation practices were implemented, including the widespread application of vinasse (byproduct in sugarcane mills) and the parallel reduction of sugarcane preharvest burning. These changes have favored the development of this fly, which can reach high populations, that can negatively affect cattle and other animals. The control of these flies relies heavily on the use of chemical products, which very often do not provide adequate population reduction. Predatory mites of the family Macrochelidae have been evaluated under laboratory conditions for the biological control of these organisms, especially of the house fly. The objective of this study was to examine the predation capacity of the macrochelids Macrocheles embersoni Azevedo, Castilho & Berto and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) on the house fly and the stable fly, under semi-field conditions (screen-houses). RESULTS: Reductions of 83 to 90% of the house fly and 66 to 73% of the stable fly populations were observed, with the release of 100 of these predators per square meter. CONCLUSIONS: The number of adults of both fly species was much lower in the units where the predators had been released than in the others. However it is suggested that provisioning and or conserving alternative food sources for these macrochelids, such as free-living nematodes, could further improve biocontrol efficacy.
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Dípteros , Moscas Domésticas , Ácaros , Muscidae , Animais , Brasil , Comportamento PredatórioRESUMO
3D-HEVC is the state-of-the-art standard to compress three-dimensional videos. One of the 3D-HEVC novel tools is the DIS tool, which is used to efficiently compress smooth and homogeneous areas of depth maps by using four different prediction modes. The decision of which DIS mode will be used is done through the SVDC similarity criterion in the DIS original definition. This article proposes the substitution of the complex SVDC criterion for simpler and more hardware friendly criteria as SATD, SSE, and SAD. These alternative criteria were evaluated in terms of encoding efficiency and hardware impacts in comparison with the SVDC. Dedicated DIS hardware were designed using each one of each criterion and these designs were described in VHDL and synthesized for TSMC 40 nm. The best results were found with SAD criteria, with losses of only 0.2% in coding efficiency and with expressive gains of more than 50 times in power and more than 35 times in area, when compared with SVDC. The reached results showed that the use of a simpler similarity criterion is an important alternative to be used in DIS tool, mainly if an efficient hardware design is required.
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PURPOSE: The objective of the study is to compare the radiographic and clinical results of two techniques for the treatment of hallux valgus that have the same indication, the open scarf/Akin (SA) technique and the percutaneous Chevron/Akin (PECA). METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed with the studies found during a systematic review of articles included in electronic databases until 30 May 2020. The pooled analysis was summarized according to clinical outcomes, such as visual analog pain scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, radiographic outcomes and complications, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Three studies comparing the open scarf/Akin (SA) versus the PECA techniques were added to the analysis, corresponding to 235 feet, 102 in the PECA group and 133 in the SA. The final mean difference in the hallux valgus angle was 0.80 degrees and in the intermetatarsal angle 0.53, in the last radiographic evaluation. In the AOFAS score, the final mean difference was 4.97 points and in the VAS 0.14 in relation to the last clinical evaluation. Exposure to radiation during the surgical procedure was higher in the PECA group with a mean of 35.53 seconds. CONCLUSIONS: The PECA surgical technique for the treatment of hallux valgus when compared with SA demonstrated similar radiographic correction, pain and function after six months of follow-up but with a longer radiation exposure time. REGISTER OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (PROSPERO): CRD42018096613.
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Hallux Valgus/cirurgia , Osteotomia/métodos , Hallux Valgus/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Medição da Dor , Radiografia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The finite numerical resolution of digital number representation has an impact on the properties of filters. Much effort has been done to develop efficient digital filters investigating the effects in the frequency response. However, it seems that there is less attention to the influence in the entropy by digital filtered signals due to the finite precision. To contribute in such a direction, this manuscript presents some remarks about the entropy of filtered signals. Three types of filters are investigated: Butterworth, Chebyshev, and elliptic. Using a boundary technique, the parameters of the filters are evaluated according to the word length of 16 or 32 bits. It has been shown that filtered signals have their entropy increased even if the filters are linear. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between order and Shannon entropy of the filtered signal using the elliptic filter. Comparing to signal-to-noise ratio, entropy seems more efficient at detecting the increasing of noise in a filtered signal. Such knowledge can be used as an additional condition for designing digital filters.
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RESUMO O objetivo do artigo foi analisar a influência do exercício físico durante a gestação, correlacionando a sua prática com o desfecho materno fetal. O estudo realizado foi de caráter observacional, descritivo, quantitativo e retrospectivo, com entrevistas realizadas com as puérperas primigestas internadas no serviço de pós-parto em uma maternidade pública de Joinville, SC. Os questionários perguntavam sobre informações prévias da puérpera, condições da gestação, exercícios físicos realizados durante a gestação e dados acerca do recém-nascido (RN). As puérperas foram divididas em dois grupos: ativo (n=110) e inativo (n=122), possibilitando, desta maneira, a análise dos diferentes desfechos entre os grupos. Evidenciou-se que o grupo ativo apresentou maiores chances de obter ganho de peso adequado durante a gestação (RC 1,556) e de realização de parto normal (RC 1,899). Em contrapartida, apresentou maiores chances de o RN ser pequeno para a idade gestacional (PIG) (RC 2,436), considerando o intervalo de confiança de 95%. Os dados do presente estudo sugerem que a atividade física durante o período gestacional traz benefícios tanto para a saúde materna quanto para o recém-nascido, desde que realizado de maneira programada, bem orientada e dentro de um limite de intensidade e duração.
ABSTRACT The aim of the article was to analyze the influence of physical exercise during pregnancy, correlating its practice with the fetal maternal outcome. The study was observational, descriptive, quantitative and retrospective, with interviews conducted with primiparous mothers who were in the postpartum service in a public maternity hospital in Joinville, SC. The questionnaires asked about previous information on the postpartum women, pregnancy conditions, physical exercises performed during pregnancy and data about the newborn (NB). The postpartum women were divided into two groups: active (n = 110) and inactive (n = 122), allowing the analysis of the different outcomes between the groups. It was shown that the active group was more likely to obtain adequate weight gain during pregnancy (OR 1,556) and normal delivery (OR 1,899). On the other hand, it was more likely that the newborn was small for gestational age (SGA) (OR 2,436), considering the 95% confidence interval. The data from the present study suggest that physical activity during pregnancy brings benefits to both maternal and newborn health, provided that it is performed in a regular, well-oriented manner and within a limit of intensity and duration.
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Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving to multi-application scenarios in smart cities, which demand specific traffic patterns and requirements. Multi-applications share resources from a single multi-hop wireless networks, where smart devices collaborate to send collected data over a Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) emerged as a routing protocol to be used in IoT scenarios where the devices have limited resources. Instances are RPL mechanisms that play a key role in order to support the IoT scenarios with multiple applications, but it is not standardized yet. Although there are related works proposing multiple instances in RPL on the same IoT network, those works still have limitations to support multiple applications. For instance, there is a lack of flexibility and dynamism in management of multiple instances and service differentiation for applications. In this context, the goal of this work is to develop a solution called DYNAmic multiple RPL instanceS for multiple ioT applicatIons (DYNASTI), which provides more dynamism and flexibility by managing multiple instances of RPL. As a result of this, the traffic performance of multiple applications is enhanced through the routing, taking into consideration the distinct requirements of the applications. In addition, DYNASTI enables the support of sporadic applications as well as the coexistence between regular and sporadic applications. DYNASTI achieved results that demonstrate a significant improvement in reducing the number of control messages, which resulted in increased packet received, decreased end-to-end delay, reduced energy consumption, and an improvement in service differentiation to multiple applications.
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Here we define a ~200 Kb genomic duplication in 2p14 as the genetic signature that segregates with postlingual progressive sensorineural autosomal dominant hearing loss (HL) in 20 affected individuals from the DFNA58 family, first reported in 2009. The duplication includes two entire genes, PLEK and CNRIP1, and the first exon of PPP3R1 (protein coding), in addition to four uncharacterized long non-coding (lnc) RNA genes and part of a novel protein-coding gene. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression in blood samples revealed selective overexpression of CNRIP1 and of two lncRNA genes (LOC107985892 and LOC102724389) in all affected members tested, but not in unaffected ones. Qualitative analysis of mRNA expression identified also fusion transcripts involving parts of PPP3R1, CNRIP1 and an intergenic region between PLEK and CNRIP1, in the blood of all carriers of the duplication, but were heterogeneous in nature. By in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we showed that Cnrip1, Plek and Ppp3r1 genes are all expressed in the adult mouse cochlea including the spiral ganglion neurons, suggesting changes in expression levels of these genes in the hearing organ could underlie the DFNA58 form of deafness. Our study highlights the value of studying rare genomic events leading to HL, such as copy number variations. Further studies will be required to determine which of these genes, either coding proteins or non-coding RNAs, is or are responsible for DFNA58 HL.
Assuntos
Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Calcineurina/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Calcineurina/sangue , Criança , Duplicação Cromossômica/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Variações do Número de Cópias de DNA/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genoma Humano/genética , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/sangue , Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial/patologia , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Fosfoproteínas/sangue , RNA Mensageiro/sangue , Gânglio Espiral da Cóclea/metabolismo , Gânglio Espiral da Cóclea/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introdução: o Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é um distúrbio complexo do desenvolvimento sendo alvo de estudos desde 1943, quando o primeiro caso foi descrito. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetivou revisar as informações mais relevantes das últimas décadas a respeito do Transtorno do Espectro Autista, construindo bases científicas para o Autism Plus de Gilberg. Metodologia: foi realizada revisão da literatura nas bases de dados CAPES/MEC e via PUBMED nos idiomas português e inglês de janeiro de 1978 a janeiro de 2017. Resultados: após a aplicação dos critérios de seleção e exclusão, 46 artigos foram elegíveis para a análise com foco em áreas como: Histórico do autismo; Evolução do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Desorders (DSM); Autismo idiopático e secundário; Aspectos epidemiológicos; Distribuição de TEA por sexo; Bases neurobiológicas; Bases genéticas; Autism Plus. Tanto os critérios de autismo quanto a sua classificação sofreram mudanças ao longo das décadas, bem como o número de genes sabidamente associados e candidatos a condição. Foram descobertos fatores ambientais determinantes, como uso de abortivos durante a gestação, e foi possível estabelecer a prevalência desproporcional de ocorrência de TEA no sexo, além de diversas condições psiquiátricas e genéticas em comorbidade. Conclusão: o TEA é uma condição complexa, com fenótipo amplo, e vasta condições passíveis de serem encontradas em comorbidade, quadro denominado Autism Plus. A ocorrência de Autism Plus síndromes genéticas é frequentemente observada, e pode compartilhar etiologia comum, por pleiotropia.
Introduction: autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder being studied since 1943, when the first case was described. Objective: This paper aimed to review the most relevant information of the last decades regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder, building scientific basis for Gilberg Autism Plus. Methodology: we performed a literature review in CAPES/MEC databases and via PUBMED in Portuguese and English languages from January 1978 to January 2017. Results: after applying the selection and exclusion criteria, 46 articles were eligible for the analysis with focus on areas such as: Autism history; Evolution of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); Idiopathic and secondary autism; Epidemiological aspects; Distribution of ASD by sex; Neurobiological bases; Genetic bases; Autism Plus. Both the autism criteria and their classification have undergone changes over the decades, as well as the number of genes known to be associated and candidates for the condition. Was found determinant environmental factors, such as abortive use during gestation, and was possible to establish the disproportionate prevalence of occurrence of ASD by sex, in addition to establish several psychiatric and genetic conditions in comorbidity. Conclusion: TEA is a complex condition, with broad phenotype, and vast conditions that can be found in comorbidity, a frame called Autism Plus. The occurrence of Autism Plus genetic syndromes is frequently observed, and may share common etiology, by pleiotropy.