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In the era of big data, millions and millions of data are generated every second by different types of devices. Training machine-learning models with these data has become increasingly common. However, the data used for training are often sensitive and may contain information such as medical, banking, or consumer records, for example. These data can cause problems in people's lives if they are leaked and also incur sanctions for companies that leak personal information for any reason. In this context, Federated Learning emerges as a solution to the privacy of personal data. However, even when only the gradients of the local models are shared with the central server, some attacks can reconstruct user data, allowing a malicious server to violate the FL principle, which is to ensure the privacy of local data. We propose a secure aggregation protocol for Decentralized Federated Learning, which does not require a central server to orchestrate the aggregation process. To achieve this, we combined a Multi-Secret-Sharing scheme with a Dining Cryptographers Network. We validate the proposed protocol in simulations using the MNIST handwritten digits dataset. This protocol achieves results comparable to Federated Learning with the FedAvg protocol while adding a layer of privacy to the models. Furthermore, it obtains a timing performance that does not significantly affect the total training time, unlike protocols that use Homomorphic Encryption.
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Background: The plasma jet is a non-surgical and minimally invasive procedure that acts by heating the superficial region of the skin, providing rejuvenation of the region. Objective: We sought to compare the clinical and histological effects of direct plasma jet versus electrocarbonization without plasma in the treatment of wrinkles in the upper palpebral region. Methods: This is a clinical trial in which 20 volunteers participated and divided into two groups: electrocarbonization (EG) and plasma jet (JPG), which were clinically evaluated before and after treatment through evaluation protocols, photographs, and questionnaires. Three treatment sessions were performed in the upper eyelid region with an interval of 30 days. After the treatment, a surgical procedure of upper blepharoplasty was performed on two volunteers to remove a skin fragment and later histological analysis. Results: The JPG showed better clinical responses in rejuvenation. The EG promoted an increase in the number of fibroblasts, the number of blood vessels and the amount of inflammation. The JPG showed an increase in the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels. It was observed that the JPG generated activation of T lymphocytes (CD3), macrophages (CD68), and plasmocytes (CD138); in addition to reducing the number of positive cells for CD57 (NK cells). The satisfaction analysis shows that 100 percent in the JPG considered themselves satisfied with the treatment. Conclusion: We verified that in comparison with electrocarbonization, the use of a direct plasma jet promoted tissue improvement at the histological level, in addition to fewer adverse reactions.
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Background: High-intensity stationary therapeutic ultrasound (HITU) technology is gaining popularity as an attractive modality for treating different conditions, but little is known about its application in aesthetics. Objective: To analyze the effects of stationary unfocused ultrasound (HITU technology) in treating localized fat in women's abdominal region. Methods: The sample consisted of 43 women with localized abdominal adiposity, assessed pre and post-treatment by assessment protocols, adversity analysis questionnaires, ultrasound exams, and serum level exams. The volunteers were randomly divided into three subgroups: G-1, who used the device off, G-2 received therapy with the device once a week for two months (Parameters: Pulsed - 100Hz - 50% - 4.0 W/cm2 - 20 minutes) and the G-3 who used the device on twice a week for a month (Parameters: Pulsed - 100Hz - 50% - 3.2W/cm2 - 30 minutes). All groups received eight sessions in total. Results: There was a significant reduction for G-3 in the plicometry of the lower right region (p=0.01) in the comparison between the final and initial moments. In the comparison among the three research groups, there was a significant reduction in plicometry in the lower right (p=0.03) and left (p=0.02) regions in G3. Via ultrasound, a reduction in the fat layers average was observed in all groups. In G-3, there were significant differences in the left infraumbilical region (p=0.02) and right (p=0.04). In the group comparison, the right infraumbilical region showed significant differences (p=0.04) for the G-3. No differences were found for weight, BMI, body fat percentage and supra, infra and umbilical perimetry (p>0.05). The adverse reactions reported were: Mild hyperaemia (75%) and sensation of shock (21%), there were also reports of improvement in fluid retention in 93.7 percent of the volunteers, and most were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: Both treatment protocols for the reduction of localized adiposity were effective compared to the placebo group, with a significant reduction in the use of ultrasound and plicometry in the concentration of fat in the lower abdominal region.
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Resumo Este artigo busca contribuir para o processo de reflexão crítica sobre a produção do conhecimento em enfermagem com enfoque bioético em publicações brasileiras. Trata-se de revisão bibliográfica realizada por meio de buscas na SciELO utilizando os descritores "enfermagem", "bioética" e "ética", incluindo artigos publicados entre 1999 e 2019. Como resultado, identificaram-se 43 artigos e, após aplicar critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 16 trabalhos, cujos temas eram ensino da ética/bioética para o curso de enfermagem, seguido por terapia intensiva/ou terminalidade, doação de órgãos e atendimento/ação/cuidar em saúde. Verificou-se transição entre os temas emergentes considerando o contexto histórico no decorrer dos anos e o interesse da área.
Abstract This article seeks to contribute to critical reflections on the production of nursing knowledge with a bioethical focus in Brazilian publications. This is a literature review conducted by searching the SciELO platform using the descriptors "nursing," "bioethics" and "ethics," including articles published between 1999 and 2019. As a result, 43 articles were identified and, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 were selected, approaching teaching ethics/bioethics for the nursing course, followed by intensive care/or terminality, organ donation and health care/action/care. A transition in the emerging themes was observed considering the historical context over the years and the interest in the area.
Resumen Este artículo pretende contribuir a la reflexión crítica sobre la producción de conocimiento en enfermería con enfoque bioético en las publicaciones brasileñas. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica realizada en SciELO utilizando los descriptores "enfermagem", "bioética" y "ética" para artículos publicados entre 1999 y 2019. Los resultados identificaron 43 artículos y, después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 16 trabajos que abordaron temas como la enseñanza de la ética/bioética en la carrera de enfermería, los cuidados intensivos/fin de la vida, la donación de órganos y la atención/acción/cuidado en salud. Hubo una transición entre los temas emergentes considerando el contexto histórico a lo largo de los años y el interés del área.
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Bioética , Enfermagem , Educação em Enfermagem , Ética em Enfermagem , BrasilRESUMO
This work aims to analyze two metaheuristics optimization techniques, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), with six variations each, and compare them regarding their convergence, quality, and dispersion of solutions. The optimization target is the Gaussian Adaptive PID control (GAPID) to find the best parameters to achieve enhanced performance and robustness to load variations related to the traditional PID. The adaptive rule of GAPID is based on a Gaussian function that has as adjustment parameters its concavity and the lower and upper bound of the gains. It is a smooth function with smooth derivatives. As a result, it helps avoid problems related to abrupt increases transition, commonly found in other adaptive methods. Because there is no mathematical methodology to set these parameters, this work used bio-inspired optimization algorithms. The test plant is a DC motor with a beam with a variable load. Results obtained by load and gain sweep tests prove the GAPID presents fast responses with very low overshoot and good robustness to load changes, with minimal variations, which is impossible to achieve when using the linear PID.
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AlgoritmosRESUMO
Background: The mechanism of fat reduction from radiofrequency occurs via the thermal stimulation of adipocyte metabolism, causing a lipase-mediated triglyceride enzyme degradation, apoptosis, and adipocyte rupture. Ultracavitation promotes fat reduction using adipose cell destruction through mechanical stimulus. The literature on the combination of these two physical agents, named ultrafrequency, is still scarce and requires consistent analysis of the effects of this therapy combination. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of radiofrequency associated with ultracavitation in the treatment of abdominal subcutaneous tissue of women. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial in which 45 participants were divided into three distinct groups: the control group (no treatment); ultracavitation group; and ultracavitation and radiofrequency (UCV+RF) group, each with 15 volunteers. The following variables were evaluated: weight, perimetry, plicometry, ultrasonography, treatment reactions, and patient satisfaction. Results: The participants in the UCV+RF group presented a more significant decrease in adipose tissue, which was verified through all the evaluation methods. Conclusion: Based on our results, the simultaneous application of ultracavitation and radiofrequency generated a reduction in localized adiposity superior to the isolated use of ultracavitation.
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The present work evaluated the efficiency of applied biological control and chemical control of Chrysodeixis includens, and the management of this looper caterpillar in the field soybean crop. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, consisting of six treatments applied only once: two different doses of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), 0.2 and 0.35 L ha-1; Metarhizium rileyi strain UFMS 02 (Mr), 2.0 and 5.0 kg ha-1; insecticide Flubendiamide (Fd) 20 mL ha-1; and the control. The reduction of the pest and the percentage of efficiency of the products along the development of the soybean, besides some phytotechnical parameters, were evaluated thirteen days after the application. In general, there was a decrease in the number of caterpillars after thirteen days of spraying, with the Bt treatment being 350 mL ha-1, which provided the greatest reduction in the population (96.2%) when compared to the control (6.7 %). Regarding efficiency, treatments containing biological products Bt (two doses) and Mr 5.0 kg ha-1 provided the best results: 95.88, 84.69 and 92.35%, respectively. Among the phytotechnical parameters evaluated, the biological treatments were superior to the chemical treatments in relation to the productivity and the number of pods per plant, not differing statistically among them.
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Proteínas Hemolisinas , Mariposas , Animais , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas de Bactérias , Endotoxinas , Larva , Metarhizium , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Glycine maxRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Microneedling promotes skin microlesions that lead to an inflammatory process, increasing cell proliferation, cell metabolism, and synthesis of collagen and elastin, therefore restoring skin integrity. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the differences between the physical and the physical-chemical sunscreen application after microneedling, assessed through histological analysis. METHOD: This was a two-phase study. The first phase investigated the physical and physical-chemical sunscreen penetration mixed with India ink through histological analysis. The sunscreens were applied after the microleakage in vivo on the skin of a volunteer who underwent abdominoplasty 24 hours after the procedure. Histological analyses were carried out using optical and electron microscopy. The second phase analysed the skin reactions with the use of physical sunscreen after different microneedling treatments. The sample consisted of 30 volunteers distributed into three groups: G1 received the "Roller" microneedling, G2 received pen micropuncture treatment, and G3 received the fractional radiofrequency treatment. RESULTS: The histological analyses of the first phase indicated that the physical-chemical protection sunscreen penetrated more deeply, and pigment was found among the collagen fibres and the dermal fibroblast cytoplasm in comparison to the physical protection sunscreen, which had the pigment confined exclusively in the superficial epidermis layer. The second phase results demonstrated that the use of the physical protection sunscreen after the different microneedling techniques showed no adverse reactions such as itching, pain or soreness, and the hyperaemia. CONCLUSION: The proposed intervention showed that the use of physical protection sunscreen after different microneedling procedures is safe.
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Agulhas , Protetores Solares , Colágeno , Epiderme , Humanos , PeleRESUMO
As fraturas de côndilo estão incluídas em diferentes etiologias, tais como: acidentes automobilísticos ou motociclísticos, quedas, agressão física e por projétil de arma de fogo, distribuídos em uma ampla faixa etária, trazendo para o paciente injurias físicas e psicológicas. Na literatura há uma miscigenação de estudos buscando uma melhor abordagem no diagnóstico e tratamento dessas patologias gnáticas, respondendo a complexidade funcional que essa estrutura anatômica está envolvida. Uma abordagem correta e sensata trará ao cirurgião Bucomaxilofacial uma comodidade no planejamento cirúrgico e menores decorrências nocivas no transoperatório e pós-operatório. Além disso, uma recuperação eficaz e rápida do paciente no seu leito hospitalar e uma melhor socialização. À vista disso, este projeto de pesquisa tem por objetivo fazer uma análise relacionando os sinais prodrômicos clínicos e de Imagem pré e pós tratamento dessas patologias nos pacientes internados no Hospital Cristo Redentor de Porto Alegre -RS, no período de 3 meses. Dessa forma, observando qual o tratamento, conservador ou cirúrgico, que possuir maior efetividade funcional no sistema estomatognático em virtude das seguinte variáveis: restrição da consistência alimentar, distancia interincisal máxima e abertura bucal sem dor. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cirurgia Bucal , Sistema Único de Saúde , Saúde Pública , Odontologia , Fraturas MandibularesRESUMO
Abstract: Climate change will likely be the most significant challenge faced by species in this century, and species' ability to cope with climate change depends on their life history and ecological and evolutionary traits. Understanding how these traits mediate species' responses is beneficial for identifying more vulnerable species or prone to extinction risk. Here, we carried out a literature review describing how four traits commonly used in vulnerability assessments (i.e. clutch size, diet breadth, dispersal ability, and climatic tolerance) may determine species vulnerability. We also portray the possible mechanisms that explain how these traits govern species responses to climate change. The literature suggests different mechanisms operating for the evaluated traits. The mechanism of response to climate change differs between species inhabiting tropical and temperate regions: while species from the temperate areas may respond positively to temperature rise, tropical species may be severely affected. Since ectotherms depend on environment temperature, they are more sensitive and present different response mechanisms from endotherms.
Resumo: A mudança climática provavelmente será o maior desafio enfrentado pelas espécies neste século e a capacidade das espécies em lidar com a mudança climática depende de seus próprios atributos de história de vida, ecológicos e evolutivos. Entender como esses atributos mediam as respostas das espécies é extremamente útil para identificar espécies que são mais vulneráveis ou sujeitas ao risco de extinção. Aqui, realizamos uma revisão da literatura com foco na descrição de como quatro atributos comumente usados em avaliações de vulnerabilidade (tamanho da ninhada, amplitude da dieta, capacidade de dispersão e tolerância climática) podem realmente determinar a vulnerabilidade das espécies. Também retratamos os possíveis mecanismos que explicam como esses atributos governam as respostas das espécies à mudança climática. A literatura sugere diferentes mecanismos operando para os atributos avaliados. O mecanismo de resposta à mudança climática difere entre as espécies que habitam as regiões tropicais e temperadas: enquanto as espécies das regiões temperadas podem responder positivamente ao aumento da temperatura, as espécies tropicais podem ser severamente afetadas. Como os ectotérmicos dependem da temperatura ambiente, eles são mais sensíveis e apresentam mecanismos de resposta diferentes dos endotérmicos.
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Objetivo: Demonstrar fatores envolvidos nos distúrbios do sono em profissionais que fazem plantões. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi composta de 244 voluntários, plantonistas da área da saúde, sendo 191 do sexo feminino, que responderam a um questionário socioeconômico, associado à aplicação da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e ao Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh. Os dados foram analisados pelos coeficientes de Spearman e de Kendall Tau, com distribuição de probabilidade gama. Resultados: Houve significância (p<0,05) com o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e a atividade física (+0,216), ergonomia (+0,148), filhos (-0,146), valor da remuneração (+0,112) e disfunção durante o dia (+0,352). Também houve significância com a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e atividade física (+0,138), renda familiar (-0,118), trabalho semanal (-0,151), latência do sono (-0,106), duração do sono (-0,107), eficiência do sono (-0,139) e disfunção durante o dia (+0,170). Por fim, a eficiência do sono teve significiância com profissão (-0,209), tabagismo (+0,402), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (-0,139) e dissonias com a obesidade (índice de massa corporal >30; razão de chance de 1,40; intervalo de confiança de 95% de 1,02-1,94). Conclusão: As medidas autorrelatadas são prontamente obtidas com questionários validados, como a Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, encontrando-se correlações com renda familiar, ter ou não filhos, índice de massa corporal, atividade física, ergonomia, condições de trabalho, tabagismo e componentes biopsicossociais. Em virtude do caráter transversal deste estudo é indispensável mais estudos com maior follow-up.
Objective: To demonstrate factors involved in sleep disorders in professionals who take shifts. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study whose sample consists of 244 volunteers, on-duty health workers, 191 females, who answered a socioeconomic questionnaire, associated with application of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed with Spearman's and Kendall Tau coefficients, and gamma probability distribution. Results: There was significance (p<0,05) with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and physical activity (+0,216), ergonomics (+0,148), children (-0,146), the wage (+0,112), dysfunction during the day (+0,352). Also there was significance with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and physical activity (+0,138), family income (-0,118), weekly workload (-0,151), sleep latency (-0,106), sleep duration (-0,107), sleep efficiency (-0,139), and dysfunction during the day (+0,170). Finally, sleep efficiency was significant with occupation (-0,209), smoking habits (+0,402), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (-0,139), dyssomnia with obesity (body index mass >30; OR of 1,40; CI 95% 1,02-1,94). Conclusion: Self-reported measures are readily obtained with validated questionnaires such as Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with correlations with family income, having children or not, body mass index, physical activity, ergonomics, working conditions, smoking habits, and biopsychosocial components. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, further research with longer follow-up is indispensable.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/epidemiologia , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Jornada de Trabalho em Turnos/estatística & dados numéricos , Privação do Sono/complicações , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Exercício Físico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doença Crônica , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estado Civil , Distribuição por Sexo , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Etnia , Sonolência , Qualidade do Sono , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
A violência intrafamiliar é aquela praticada por familiares, constituindo-se em grave violação dos direitos da criança e do adolescente. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar se Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) reconhecem sinais de violência intrafamiliar, se fazem notificação, se conhecem fatores de risco e proteção e se na sua formação receberam informações sobre essas temáticas. Participaram do estudo 119 ACS que responderam três questionários. Constatou-se que os conhecimentos sobre sinais de violência, em especial, de violência sexual e psicológica, sobre notificação, sobre fatores de risco e proteção e sobre práticas parentais e habilidades sociais infantis deveriam fazer parte de cursos de capacitação dos ACS, bem como de toda a Equipe de Saúde, pelo fato de atuarem cotidianamente com as famílias no território. Conclui-se que os ACS não tiveram acesso aos conhecimentos produzidos pela psicologia do desenvolvimento infantil que poderiam orientar sua ação protetiva e preventiva junto às famílias (AU).
Domestic violence is normally practiced by relatives, constituted in serious violation of the rights of the child and the adolescent. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Community Health Agents (CHA) recognize signs of intra-family violence, if they make the notification, if they know risk and protection factors and if in their training they received information about these issues. A total of 119 ACS respond to three questionnaires. We found that knowledge about signs of violence, especially sexual and psychological violence, about notification, about risk and protection factors, and about parental practices and children's social skills should be part of CHA training courses, as well as the Health Team, because they work with families on a daily basis. It is concluded that the ACS did not have access to the knowledge produced by the child development psychology that could guide their protective and preventive action with the families (AU).
La violencia intrafamiliar es aquella practicada por familiares, constituido en grave violación de los derechos del niño y del adolescente. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud (ACS) reconocen señales de violencia intrafamiliar, se hacen notificación, si conocen factores de riesgo y protección y si en su formación recibieron informaciones sobre esas temáticas. En este estudio 119 ACS respondieran a tres cuestionarios. Se constató que los conocimientos sobre señales de violencia, en especial, de violencia sexual y psicológica, notificación, factores de riesgo y protección, prácticas parentales y habilidades sociales infantiles deberían formar parte de cursos de capacitación de los ACS, así como de todo el equipo de salud, por el hecho de actuaren cotidianamente con las familias. Se concluye que los ACS no tuvieron acceso a los conocimientos da psicología del desarrollo que podrían orientar su acción proyectiva y preventiva junto a las familias (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/psicologia , Conhecimento , Cursos de Capacitação , Fatores de Risco , Atenção à Saúde , Psicologia do DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
In Brazil, rabies occurs mainly within an urban cycle, in which dogs and bats are reservoirs. This paper aims to report the occurrence of rabies in Callithrix sp. in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In June 2019 a hybrid specimen was referred for diagnosis. The Direct Fluorescent Antibody, Mouse Inoculation, and Polymerase Chain Reaction tests were positive. A phylogenetic analysis was compatible with antigenic variant 3, characteristic of Desmodus rotundus. New studies should be undertaken to elucidate the real role of callitrichids in the urban rabies cycle.
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Callithrix/virologia , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Raiva/diagnóstico , Animais , Brasil , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , População UrbanaRESUMO
Abstract In Brazil, rabies occurs mainly within an urban cycle, in which dogs and bats are reservoirs. This paper aims to report the occurrence of rabies in Callithrix sp. in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In June 2019 a hybrid specimen was referred for diagnosis. The Direct Fluorescent Antibody, Mouse Inoculation, and Polymerase Chain Reaction tests were positive. A phylogenetic analysis was compatible with antigenic variant 3, characteristic of Desmodus rotundus. New studies should be undertaken to elucidate the real role of callitrichids in the urban rabies cycle.
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Animais , Raiva/diagnóstico , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Callithrix/virologia , Filogenia , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , População Urbana , Brasil , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para AnticorpoRESUMO
The present study aimed to compare the physicochemical (pH), physical (rheology parameters and particle size), microstructure (optical microscopy) and thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry) of guava flavored whey-beverages submitted to cold plama technology in different processing time (5, 10, and 15â¯min) and gas flow (10, 20, and 30â¯mLâ¯min-1) conditions with a conventional pasteurized product. Whey beverages treated by cold plasma presented higher pH values, lower consistency and lower viscosity, and a flow behavior index similar to Newtonian fluids. Milder cold plasma conditions resulted in whey beverages with higher pH, lower viscosity and consistency, and similar particle distribution and microstructure compared to the pasteurized product. In contrast, more severe processing conditions resulted in a higher particle surface area ([D 3,2]) and smaller particles (~10⯵M), due to the decrease in the number of larger particles (1000⯵M), cell rupture, the formation of cell fragments, and higher viscosity and consistency. The treatments did not affect the thermal properties (enthalpy and bound water) of any sample.
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Bebidas/análise , Aromatizantes/análise , Psidium/química , Soro do Leite/química , Brasil , Manipulação de Alimentos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Tamanho da Partícula , Gases em Plasma , Reologia , ViscosidadeRESUMO
The effect of cold plasma processing time and gas flow on bioactive compounds such as vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds, DPPH, angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, fatty acids profile, and volatile compounds of guava-flavored whey beverage was investigated. For comparative purposes, a pasteurized beverage was also manufactured. Cold plasma increased the concentration of bioactive and volatile compounds, and proportionated changes in the fatty acids profile. The milder conditions like lower flow rate and processing time, resulted in higher vitamin C and volatile compounds levels, and higher antioxidant activity, but with a lower carotenoids content and a less favorable fatty acids profile. More drastic conditions like higher flow rate and processing time resulted in products with lower vitamin C and volatile compounds levels, but with higher carotenoids content and ACE inhibitory activity. It can be concluded that the cold plasma processing can improve the properties of the guava-flavored whey beverages (increased concentration of bioactive and volatile compounds), while the effect on the fatty acid profile and ACE inhibitory activity is dependent on the process parameters (processing time and flow rate).
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Bebidas/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Gases em Plasma , Psidium/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/química , Ácido Ascórbico/análise , Carotenoides/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/química , Psidium/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/químicaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the process time (5, 10, and 15â¯min) and flow rate (10, 20, and 30â¯mL/min) of cold plasma technology on physio-chemical characteristics (pH), bioactive compounds (DPPD, Total Phenolic Compounds, ACE-inhibitory activity values), fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds profile of chocolate milk drink. The mild (lower flow rate and process time) and more severe (higher flow rate and process time) conditions led to a reduction of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds and ACE-inhibitory activity), changes in fatty acid composition (increased saturated fatty acid and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid), less favorable health indices (higher atherogenic, thrombogenic and hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids and lower desired fatty acids), and lower number of volatile compounds. In contrast, in intermediate cold plasma conditions, an adequate concentration of bioactive compounds, fatty acid composition, and health indices, and increased number of volatile compounds (ketones, esters, and lactones) were observed. Overall, cold plasma technology has proven to be an interesting alternative to chocolate milk drinks, being of paramount importance the study of the cold plasma process parameters.
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Chocolate , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Leite , Animais , Ésteres/análise , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/análise , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/análise , Feminino , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cetonas/análise , Leite/química , Pasteurização , Fenóis/análise , Fatores de Tempo , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
Researches in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have achieved many important breakthroughs, especially in recent years. In some cases, AI learns alone from scratch and performs human tasks faster and better than humans. With the recent advances in AI, it is natural to wonder whether Artificial Neural Networks will be used to successfully create or break cryptographic algorithms. Bibliographic review shows the main approach to this problem have been addressed throughout complex Neural Networks, but without understanding or proving the security of the generated model. This paper presents an analysis of the security of cryptographic algorithms generated by a new technique called Adversarial Neural Cryptography (ANC). Using the proposed network, we show limitations and directions to improve the current approach of ANC. Training the proposed Artificial Neural Network with the improved model of ANC, we show that artificially intelligent agents can learn the unbreakable One-Time Pad (OTP) algorithm, without human knowledge, to communicate securely through an insecure communication channel. This paper shows in which conditions an AI agent can learn a secure encryption scheme. However, it also shows that, without a stronger adversary, it is more likely to obtain an insecure one.
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Comunicação , Algoritmos , Inteligência ArtificialRESUMO
Antibiotic resistance results in higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality and is rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world. Therefore, this study aims to search for new antimicrobial agents through bioprospecting of extracts of endophytic fungi from Bauhinia guianensis, a typical Amazonian plant used in combating infections. Seventeen (17) fungi were isolated and as result the methanolic extract of the fungus Exserohilum rostratum showed good activity against the bacteria tested. The polyketide monocerin was isolated by the chromatographic technique, identified by NMR and MS, showing broad antimicrobial spectrum.
La resistencia a los antibióticos conduce a mayores costos médicos, hospitalizaciones prolongadas e incremento de la mortalidad, y está aumentando a niveles peligrosamente altos en todas partes del mundo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo la búsqueda de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos a través de la bioprospección de extractos de hongos endófitos de Bauhinia guianensis, una planta amazónica típica, utilizada en la lucha contra problemas infecciosos. Fueron aislados 17 hongos; el extracto metanólico del hongo Exserohilum rostratum mostró buena actividad contra las bacterias probadas. Se aisló monocerina policétido por la técnica de cromatografía; este compuesto fue identificado por RM y EM, y mostró un amplio espectro antimicrobiano.