RESUMO
In 1992, two cases of abdominal angiostrongylosis were reported in young Guadeloupean children. With a view to determine the natural infestation rate of Guadeloupe rodents (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus) by Angiostrongylus costaricensis, 656 rats caught in the country have been examined. Both murine species are naturally infested (6.2% in R. rattus and 14.9% in R. norvegicus), which gives a total prevalence of 7.5%. This total prevalence is higher in the tourist area. A complementary investigation proves to be necessary to identify in Guadeloupe the alleged intermediate hosts (slugs, land snails) in which the human illness has its direct origins.
Assuntos
Angiostrongylus/isolamento & purificação , Muridae/parasitologia , Animais , Pré-Escolar , Reservatórios de Doenças , Humanos , Lactente , Ratos , Infecções por Strongylida/parasitologia , Infecções por Strongylida/transmissão , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
Dynamics of natural populations of Schistosoma mansoni were studied during 8 consecutive years among Rattus rattus populations from 8 transmission sites of the marshy forest focus of Guadeloupe (French West Indies). The schistosome population is over-dispersed (k = 0.119) within the murine hosts and ecological factors linked to the patchy environment may be responsible for such aggregated distribution. Analysis of the spatio-temporal variations in prevalences, intensities and abundances showed limited variations of the infection during the 8 years at the level of the whole parasite population but great spatial heterogeneity at the level of local schistosome populations. Inter-populational genetic variability linked to the degree of adaptation of this human parasite to the murine host may explain differences in transmission dynamics between the local populations of S. mansoni.
Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças , Muridae/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Schistosoma mansoni/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esquistossomose mansoni/veterinária , Animais , Biomphalaria/parasitologia , Vetores de Doenças , Feminino , Masculino , Dinâmica Populacional , Prevalência , Ratos , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/parasitologia , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The examination of 458 domestic and wild hosts of the tick A. variegatum allowed to collect 8,581 larvae, 646 nymphs, 685 adults in 9 different animal species and to determine their preferential attachment sites. In another survey on 15 goats and 5 cattle, 12,345 larvae, 2,111 nymphs and 4,625 adults were counted on the anatomic sites. Immature ticks feed preferentially on the head, neck and limbs of birds, the limbs of mongoose and the limbs and ears of dogs, goats and cattle. Adults feed only on hosts of medium to large size and attach on ventral parts of the body, especially the groin, perineum, axillae and the dewlap of cattle. This tick species should be searched for on these sites when estimating its propagation in a threatened area or the evolution of its population during an eradication campaign. Moreover, the acaricide concentration on these sites must be optimal during systematic treatments.