RESUMO
RESUMO A emissão de metano (CH4) e dióxido de carbono (CO2) em aterros sanitários representa uma das mais importantes fontes de gases de efeito estufa em regiões metropolitanas. O presente trabalho quantificou a taxa de emissão de gases do efeito estufa (GEEs) pela camada de cobertura intermediária do aterro sanitário de Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, assim como a concentração desses gases na atmosfera acima das células do aterro. Um total de 21 amostras na camada de cobertura e 31 na atmosfera acima do aterro foi coletado. Foram utilizadas duas câmaras de fluxo de 0,66 m2 de área e 33,2 L de volume, e amostras foram retiradas com seringas de polipropileno de 60 mL em intervalos de 5 minutos, durante 15 minutos. As amostras foram coletadas em locais com e sem fissura na camada de cobertura intermediária. A análise das amostras foi feita por cromatografia de fase gasosa, por múltiplos detectores. As taxas de emissão dos GEEs observadas variaram entre 0,1 e 575,0 g m-2 dia-1 para CH4 e entre 0,1 e 316,0 g m-2 dia-1 para CO2. As concentrações no ar ambiente variaram entre 3,5 e 150,0 ppm e entre 333 e 655 ppm, para CH4 e CO2, respectivamente. As maiores emissões foram constatadas nos pontos que continham as maiores fissuras no momento da coleta.
ABSTRACT The emission of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from landfills is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases in metropolitan areas. This study quantified the emission rate of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by the intermediate cover layer of Seropédica landfill, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as the concentration of these gases in the atmosphere above the landfill cells. A total of 21 samples from the cover layer and 31 samples from the atmosphere above the landfill was collected. Two flow chambers with 0.66 m2 and 33.2 L were used, and the samples were collected with 60 mL polypropylene syringes at five-minute intervals, for 15 minutes. The samples were collected in areas with and without cracks in the intermediate cover layer. Sample analysis was performed by gas chromatography, by multiple detectors. GHGs emission rates varied from 0.1 to 575.0 g m-2 day-1 for CH4 and 0.1 to 316.0 g m-2 day-1 for CO2. The ambient air concentrations ranged from 3.5 to 150.0 ppm and 333 to 655 ppm for CH4 and CO2, respectively. Higher emissions were found in areas containing the larger cracks at the time of collection.
RESUMO
Indoor air quality is an increasing concern; it causes significant damage to health because it is recycled in confined environments for extended periods of time. Among the pollutants found in these environments, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) are known for their potential toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. This study monitored the BTEX concentrations in paint, carpentry, and varnish workplaces and evaluated the potential to cause adverse health effects on workers in these environments. Twenty samples were collected in workplaces, 20 samples were collected outside the area, and eight samples were taken of the products used. Samples were collected using coconut shell cartridges, and chemical analyses were performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Toluene presented higher indoor concentrations and indoor and outdoor ratios, indicating that the paint and varnish workplaces had significant BTEX sources. The highest benzene and toluene concentrations were obtained from the paint workshop, and higher concentrations of ethylbenzene and xylenes were obtained in the varnish workshop. The highest non-carcinogenic risks were obtained for m + p-xylenes in the varnish work place, and the second highest non-carcinogenic risk was also determined for the same workshop.