RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study investigates the association between inflammatory myopathies (IM), and their correlation with cancer. There are several potential causes behind the association of cancer and inflammatory myopathies. The positivity of specific antibodies for myositis plays a significant role. Our objective is to describe cancer and inflammatory myopathies in Colombia, focusing on demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 112 IM patients diagnosed at Fundación Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia, the cases met the EULAR/ACR criteria. Data included demographics, clinical signs, laboratory findings, and malignancy. Malignancy associations were explored using logistic regression. The survival analysis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Log-Rank test. RESULTS: Dermatomyositis was the most common subtype (45.5%), with a female predominance (66.1%). Cancer diagnosis occurred in 11.6% of cases, predominantly thyroid cancer. The median time from myopathy onset to cancer diagnosis was 11 months, with 75% of cases within the first year. Bivariate analysis indicated associations between cancer and age, Gottron's papules, digital ulcers, and heliotrope rash. However, multivariate analysis identified age as the only significant malignancy risk factor. Survival analysis showed better rates in younger patients. CONCLUSION: This study provides into the link between IM and cancer in the Colombian population. Thyroid cancer predominated, with a slightly higher proportion of female cancer diagnoses. Age emerged as a significant risk factor for malignancy. Understanding this association is crucial for early detection and improving patient outcomes related to IM-associated malignancies.
Assuntos
Miosite , Neoplasias , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miosite/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Dermatomiosite/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
The prevalence of gastric disorders in high-performance horses, especially gastric ulceration, ranges from 50 to 90%. These pathological conditions have negative impacts on athletic performance and health. This study was designed to evaluate changes in gastric pH during a 24 h period and to compare gastrin concentrations at different time points in horses undergoing general inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency. Twenty-two mixed-breed mares weighing 400 ± 50 kg and aged 8 ± 2 years were used. Of these, eight were fasted for 8 h and submitted to 90 min of general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. Gastric juice samples were collected prior to anesthesia (T0), and then at 15 min intervals during anesthesia (T15-T90). After recovery from anesthesia (45 ± 1 min), samples were collected every hour for 24 h (T1 to T24) for gastric juice pH measurement. During this period, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water and were fed a commercial concentrate twice (T4 and T16). In a second group (control), four non-anesthetized mares were submitted to 8 h of fasting followed by nasogastric intubation. Gastric juice samples were then collected at T0, T15, T30, T45, T60, T75, and T90. During this period, mares did not receive food or water. After 45 min, mares had free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, and gastric juice samples were collected every hour for four hours (T1 to T4). In a third group comprising ten non-fasted, non-anesthetized mares with free access to Bermuda grass hay and water, gastric juice samples were collected 30 min after concentrate intake (T0). In anesthetized mares, blood gastrin levels were measured prior to anesthesia (8 h fasting; baseline), during recovery from anesthesia, and 4 months after the anesthetic procedure, 90 min after the morning meal. Mean values of gastric juice pH remained acidic during general anesthesia. Mean pH values were within the physiological range (4.52 ± 1.69) and did not differ significantly between time points (T15-T90; p > 0.05). After recovery from anesthesia, mean gastric pH values increased and remained in the alkaline range throughout the 24 h period of evaluation. Significant differences were observed between T0 (4.88 ± 2.38), T5 (7.08 ± 0.89), T8 (7.43 ± 0.22), T9 (7.28 ± 0.36), T11 (7.26 ± 0.71), T13 (6.74 ± 0.90), and T17 (6.94 ± 1.04) (p < 0.05). The mean gastric juice pH ranged from weakly acidic to neutral or weakly alkaline in all groups, regardless of food and water intake (i.e., in the fasted, non-fasted, and fed states). Mean gastric pH measured in the control group did not differ from values measured during the 24 h post-anesthesia period or in the non-fasted group. Gastrin concentrations increased significantly during the post-anesthetic period compared to baseline (20.15 ± 7.65 pg/mL and 15.15 ± 3.82 pg/mL respectively; p < 0.05). General inhalation anesthesia and dorsal recumbency did not affect gastric juice pH, which remained acidic and within the physiological range. Gastric juice pH was weakly alkaline after recovery from anesthesia and in the fasted and fed states. Serum gastrin levels increased in response to general inhalation anesthesia in dorsal recumbency and were not influenced by fasting. Preventive pharmacological measures are not required in horses submitted to general anesthesia and dorsal recumbency.
RESUMO
Tamandua mexicana is an anteater species native from Mexico to Peru. This species is of great evolutionary interest because it belongs to one of the oldest clades of placental mammals in the American continent. This study aimed to describe the origin, insertion, and arterial supply of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles of T. mexicana. We also compared the masses of the functional groups. Gross dissections were performed on both thoracic limbs of 13 cadavers. ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used for statistical analyses. The subscapularis muscle presents a hiatus to the common tendon of the caput breve of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles. A variant accessory muscle, the m. articularis humeri lateralis, was found on the lateral surface of the shoulder joint. M. deltoideus pars acromialis has two bellies. The teres major muscle is perforated by the aponeurotic origin of the m. tensor fasciae antebrachii. The triceps brachii has two capita longi. The caput mediale is fused with the m. anconeus medialis. The caput laterale can have an accessory belly as an anatomical variant. Among the functional groups, a significant difference was found between the elbow extensors and flexors, with the latter having the lowest mass. In conclusion, the intrinsic muscles of T. mexicana presented unique features for the species, as well as arrangements in mass distribution that evidence a possible evolutionary convergence among species of the Superorder Xenarthra.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Músculo Esquelético , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Animais , Ombro/anatomia & histologia , Ombro/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Articulação do Ombro/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Ombro/fisiologia , Eutérios/anatomia & histologia , Eutérios/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Opioids are widely used for pain management, and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) has been evidenced in some cases. We reported a patient with severe cerebral edema after initiating methadone and its complete resolution upon discontinuing the medication. Additionally, a review of the literature is made. Case report: A 53-year-old woman patient with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus developed mechanic chronic lower back pain, refractory to conventional treatments. She presented improvement with oxycodone. She withdrew this medication due to a lack of supplies in her country (Colombia) and showed withdrawal symptoms. She consulted the emergency department, where oral methadone was started and symptom control was achieved. Three days after admission, she presented intense headaches and emesis. A brain CT scan was performed in which severe cerebral edema was appreciated. Methadone was discontinued, and neurological symptoms quickly disappeared. A follow-up brain CT scan was performed later, finding full resolution of the edema. Conclusion: A case of severe cerebral edema associated with the initiation of oral methadone and its rapid resolution without neurological sequelae after its withdrawal is presented, clinicians must be attentive to this adverse event.
RESUMO
Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are strictly controlled by plasma membrane transporters, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, in which Ca2+ uptake is mediated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUc), while efflux occurs mainly through the mitochondrial Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX). RNAseq database repository searches led us to identify the Nclx transcript as highly enriched in astrocytes when compared with neurons. To assess the role of NCLX in mouse primary culture astrocytes, we inhibited its function both pharmacologically or genetically. This resulted in re-shaping of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and a metabolic shift that increased glycolytic flux and lactate secretion in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. Interestingly, in vivo genetic deletion of NCLX in hippocampal astrocytes improved cognitive performance in behavioral tasks, whereas hippocampal neuron-specific deletion of NCLX impaired cognitive performance. These results unveil a role for NCLX as a novel modulator of astrocytic glucose metabolism, impacting on cognition.
Assuntos
Astrócitos , Cálcio , Camundongos , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Trocador de Sódio e Cálcio/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Glicólise , Cognição , Sódio/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La etnicidad y la geografía se han descrito como determinantes de la presentación clínica de la uveítis y su etiología. Objetivo: Caracterizara los pacientes del suroccidente colombiano con uveítis. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, del 2011 al 2019, en Cali, Colombia. Se evaluaron características demográficas, clínicas, etiológicas y desenlaces de pacientes con uveítis. Resultados: Se incluyeron 144 pacientes. La edad fue 51.5 (35.2-61.7) años, 80 (55.5%) fueron mujeres. El 66% (n = 95) presentó uveítis anterior. De las manifestaciones clínicas, el ojo rojo fue la más frecuente, seguido de dolor ocular. La mayoría tuvo síntomas < 12 semanas, presentó agudeza visual de 20/20-20/40 y rangos de presión intraocular entre 10 y 22 mmHg. De las etiologías, 20 (17.9%) continuaban en estudio y 7 (6.3%) fueron no definidas/idiopáticas. Trauma se vio en 12 (10.7%), la asociada a HLA-B27 en 10 (8.9%) y toxoplasmosis en 8 (7.1%). Conclusión: Es la primera caracterización de la uveítis en el suroccidente colombiano
Background: Ethnicity and geography have been described as determinants of the clinical presentation of uveitis and its etiology. Objective: To characterize patients from southwestern Colombia with uveitis. Material and methods: Retrospective study, from 2011 to 2019, in Cali, Colombia. Demographic, clinical, etiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with uveitis were evaluated. Results: 144 patients were included. The age was 51.5 (35.2-61.7) years, 80 (55.5%) were women. 66% (n = 95) presented anterior uveitis. Of the clinical manifestations, the red eye was the most frequent, followed by ocular pain. Most had symptoms < 12 weeks, visual acuity of 20/20-20/40 and intraocular pressure ranges between 10-22 mmHg. Of the etiologies, 20 (17.9%) were still under study and 7 (6.3%) were undefined/idiopathic. Trauma was seen in 12 (10.7%), that associated with HLA-B27 in 10 (8.9%) and toxoplasmosis in 8 (7.1%). Conclusion: It is the first characterization of uveitis in southwestern Colombia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , IridocicliteRESUMO
The aims of the study were (1) to compare the cure risk of intramammary treatment of pure platelet rich plasma (P-PRP) or cefquinome sulfate (CS) in cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Gram-positive bacteria, evaluated via somatic cell count (SCC) and the microbiological analysis of milk; (2) to compare the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response of mammary gland to both treatments through the analyses of interleukins (IL), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in milk. A non-inferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted. The null hypothesis was that cure risk in the experimental group (P-PRP) was inferior to the reference group (CS). A total of 103 cows were selected according to SCC and presence of Gram-positive bacteria, 49 cows were treated with CS and 54 cows were treated with P-PRP after determination of its cellular and molecular quality control. Cure was assessed by milk analyses at day 21 and 22 after treatment. Cows that remained with SCM were retreated at day 26, and cure assessed at day 47 and 48. Overall, bacteriological cure was observed in 16 cows (30%) of the P-PRP group, and 35 cows (71%) in CS group. Staphylococcus aureus cure risk was higher in CS group, but inconclusive for Streptococcus spp. The mean SCC increased in relation to time only in the P-PRP group. A direct relation between time and treatment for IL-1, IL-2, and IL-6 was observed, while no differences were observed for IL-4. Furthermore, IL-1 and IL-2 increased in cows treated twice in both groups. IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α showed a significant interaction between time and treatment. IFN-γ concentration was lower in the P-PRP group compared to the CS on days 0 and 22. Leukocyte counts were lower in P-PRP when compared to whole blood. TGF-ß1 and PF4 concentrations were higher in platelet lysates in comparison to P-PRGS and plasma. Moreover, PDGF-BB concentration was significantly higher in platelet lysates in comparison to plasma. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that SCM treated with PRP showed a lower rate of bacteriologic cure when compared to animals treated with CS.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/terapia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Mastite Bovina/terapia , Plasma Rico em Plaquetas , Animais , Biomarcadores , Bovinos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Gerenciamento Clínico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Contagem de Leucócitos , Mastite Bovina/diagnóstico , Leite , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous pathophysiologic mechanisms and diverse clinical manifestations. SLE is a frequent cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Multiple studies with controversial findings on the causes, evolution and outcomes of ICU-admitted patients with SLE have been published. The aim of this paper is to review the literature reporting the clinical characteristics and outcomes, such as mortality and associated factors, in such patients. Among the main causes of ICU admissions are SLE disease activity, respiratory failure, multi-organ failure and infections. The main factors associated with mortality are a high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) score, the need for mechanical ventilation, and vasoactive and inotropic agent use. Reported mortality rates are 18.4%-78.5%. Therefore, it is important to evaluate SLE disease severity for optimizing clinical management and patient outcomes.
Assuntos
Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/mortalidade , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , APACHE , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Infecções/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease, and in some conditions, admission to the intensive care unit (ICUs) is required. This study describes the clinical and prognostic factors in SLE patients admitted to the ICU. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study that reviewed all clinical records of patients with SLE admitted to the ICU between 2011 and 2018. RESULTS: We evaluated 188 patients, with 279 ICU admissions. Most patients were female (n = 159; 84.57%) with a median age of 35 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 25-48 years). Infection was the leading cause of admission in 77 (27.60%) cases, followed by lupus flare. The average length of hospitalization was 5 days (IQR 3-11 days), and the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000, Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II), and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were 9 (IQR 2-17), 14 (IQR 10-17), and 3 (IQR 2-5), respectively. Non-survivors presented with higher APACHE II and SOFA scores. Infection was the leading cause of mortality (n = 38; 20.21%), and predictors of mortality included invasive mechanical ventilation, vasoactive medication requirement, higher SOFA scores, and antiphospholipid syndrome comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: We found that infection was the leading cause of ICU admissions and mortality in patients with SLE. Factors identified here as predictors of mortality should be accurately identified at admission for the prompt treatment of SLE patients.
Assuntos
Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/epidemiologia , APACHE , Adulto , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Cuidados Críticos , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Exacerbação dos SintomasRESUMO
The increasing global demand for food requires sustainable solutions to close the gap in agricultural yield between industrialized and non-industrialized countries. Our objectives in this cross-sectional study were to: 1) characterize farm populations, milk yield, and early lactation management strategies of dairy cows in three different regions of Colombia, and 2) determine the association of these management strategies with blood ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in the first 42 days in milk (DIM). Dairy herds (nâ¯=â¯56) in the Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca regions of Colombia were visited once from May through July 2018. A survey was administered to farm owners to collect demographic, management, and herd nutrition information. Blood samples from dairy cows (nâ¯=â¯880) between calving and 42 DIM were used to measure blood BHB concentration. Associations between management and nutritional strategies and blood BHB concentration were examined using mixed models. Prevalence of hyperketonemia was calculated as the number of samples with BHB concentration ≥1.2â¯mmol/L divided by the total number of samples. The estimated diet composition for early lactation dairy cows was 65.5% pasture and 31.8% commercial concentrates. The farm median milk yield, protein concentration, and fat concentration were 21.0â¯kg (rangeâ¯=â¯13.1-36â¯kg), 3.2% (rangeâ¯=â¯2.7-4.1%), and 3.5% (rangeâ¯=â¯3.0-4.1%), respectively. Milk yield least squares means (95% confidence interval; CI) differed by region: 21.7 (20.3, 23.2), 18.5 (17.0, 20.2), and 20.3 (18.5, 22.4) kg in Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca, respectively. Median blood BHB concentration was 0.5 and ranged from 0.1-4.4â¯mmol/L; blood BHB concentration was not different among the three regions. Pasture fertilization, increased parity, and BCS were associated with changes in blood BHB concentration. The overall prevalence of hyperketonemia was 4.5%. Geographical region affected the prevalence of hyperketonemia at 2.5%, 4.0%, and 10.2% in Antioquia, Caldas, and Cundinamarca, respectively. Mean stocking density (95% CI) was greater in Cundinamarca than Antioquia or Caldas at 3.3 (2.2, 5.0), 2.8 (2.1, 3.9) and 1.7 (1.2, 2.6) animals per ha, respectively, and was associated with hyperketonemia prevalence. Farms that abruptly stop milking cows at dry-off had 80% of the hyperketonemia events in the study. Pasture-based dairies in Colombia had lower blood BHB concentrations and estimated milk yield compared with confined production systems in temperate zones. However, geographical region, stocking density, and abrupt cessation of milking at dry-off were associated with prevalence of hyperketonemia in pasture-based dairies.
Assuntos
Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangue , Indústria de Laticínios , Lactação , Leite/química , Animais , Bovinos , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Feminino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A characterization of the phenolic profile of 25 cocoa genotypes established in a Mexican gene bank was carried out. From five different extraction methods commonly used for phenols, extraction with acidified methanol-water was chosen as the best to quantify the concentrations of theobromine and individual phenols in cocoa beans. High concentrations of individual and total phenols were found for genotypes native to Mexico (like RIM105, M031, and M033) or from Peru and Ecuador (INI10), but not the commercial mix (CAF), and were directly associated with their antioxidant activities. Despite the loss of some theobromine and phenols during fermentation, epicatechin remained in the fermented cotyledon in high concentrations. This study could help promote the commercialization of Mexican genotypes of cocoa and reports the possibility of upcycling fermented cocoa husks, which are rich in bioactive compounds and fiber, as novel functional extracts for use in food formulation or for nutraceutical purposes.
Assuntos
Cacau , Cotilédone , Equador , Flavonoides , Genótipo , México , Peru , FenóisRESUMO
Neuroscience is a technology-driven discipline and brain energy metabolism is no exception. Once satisfied with mapping metabolic pathways at organ level, we are now looking to learn what it is exactly that metabolic enzymes and transporters do and when, where do they reside, how are they regulated, and how do they relate to the specific functions of neurons, glial cells, and their subcellular domains and organelles, in different areas of the brain. Moreover, we aim to quantify the fluxes of metabolites within and between cells. Energy metabolism is not just a necessity for proper cell function and viability but plays specific roles in higher brain functions such as memory processing and behavior, whose mechanisms need to be understood at all hierarchical levels, from isolated proteins to whole subjects, in both health and disease. To this aim, the field takes advantage of diverse disciplines including anatomy, histology, physiology, biochemistry, bioenergetics, cellular biology, molecular biology, developmental biology, neurology, and mathematical modeling. This article presents a well-referenced synopsis of the technical side of brain energy metabolism research. Detail and jargon are avoided whenever possible and emphasis is given to comparative strengths, limitations, and weaknesses, information that is often not available in regular articles.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético , Neurociências/métodos , Animais , Humanos , Neurociências/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Recent studies based on morphological and molecular data provide a new perspective concerning taxonomic aspects of the brachyuran family Mithracidae. These studies proposed a series of nominal changes and indicated that the family is actually represented by a different number and representatives of genera than previously thought. Here, we provide a comparative description of the ultrastructure of spermatozoa and spermatophores of some species of Mithracidae in a phylogenetic context. The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa and spermatophore was observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The most informative morphological characters analysed were thickness of the operculum, shape of the perforatorial chamber and shape and thickness of the inner acrosomal zone. As a framework, we used a topology based on a phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial data obtained here and from previous studies. Our results indicate that closely related species share a series of morphological characteristics of the spermatozoa. A thick operculum, for example, is a feature observed in species of the genera Amphithrax, Teleophrys, and Omalacantha in contrast to the slender operculum observed in Mithraculus and Mithrax. Amphithrax and Teleophrys have a rhomboid perforatorial chamber, while Mithraculus, Mithrax, and Omalacantha show a wider, deltoid morphology. Furthermore, our results are in agreement with recently proposed taxonomic changes including the separation of the genera Mithrax (previously Damithrax), Amphithrax (previously Mithrax) and Mithraculus, and the synonymy of Mithrax caribbaeus with Mithrax hispidus. Overall, the spermiotaxonomy of these species of Mithracidae represent a novel set of data that corroborates the most recent taxonomic revision of the family and can be used in future taxonomic and phylogenetic studies within this family.
Assuntos
Braquiúros/anatomia & histologia , Braquiúros/ultraestrutura , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Animais , Braquiúros/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Masculino , Filogenia , Subunidades Ribossômicas Maiores/genética , Espermatogônias/ultraestruturaRESUMO
This study aimed to: (1) examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT); and, (2) Determine the moderating effect of gender in this relationship among South American Hispanics. We studied 496 adults enrolled in the population-based PREVENCION study. Carotid IMT was measured with high-resolution ultrasonography. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mean carotid IMT was 0.66 mm. (SD = 0.17) and mean depression score was 5.6 (SD = 3.5). Depressive symptoms were not associated with carotid IMT (ß = 0.04, p = 0.222) in multivariate analyses. A significant moderating effect of gender was found (ß for interaction = 0.10, p = 0.030), resulting from a significant association between depressive symptoms and carotid IMT in men but not women. Depressive symptoms were associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in South American Hispanic men but not women after controlling for demographic characteristics and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Assuntos
Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Depressão/fisiopatologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Aterosclerose/psicologia , Glicemia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Depressão/sangue , Depressão/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Sintomas Prodrômicos , Caracteres Sexuais , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: las infecciones de transmisión sexual, en general, y de manera especial, el VIH/sida en los adolescentes y jóvenes, constituyen un serio problema de salud, y el riesgo de padecerlas está muy relacionado con el comportamiento sexual, las formas de protegerse, los conocimientos y la percepción de riesgo, entre otros factores. OBJETIVOS: incrementar los conocimientos sobre las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana/sida y obtener una modificación de las creencias y percepción de riesgo hacia dichas enfermedades en educandos de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud del Municipio Cerro, La Habana. MÉTODOS: estudio cuasi experimental, de intervención, en el centro educacional de la Facultad de Tecnología de la Salud, del municipio Cerro, mediante la metodología establecida en el manual; esta consta de técnicas afectivas, participativas, de animación y reflexión, con profesores promotores, previamente adiestrados sobre estos temas, los que posteriormente los replican hacia sus educandos. La muestra estuvo representada por 453 alumnos pertenecientes a cuatro especialidades de dicha institución. RESULTADOS: se evidencia un aumento en los niveles de conocimientos, creencias y en la percepción de riesgo, con índices de incremento en porcentajes de 38,6, 18,4 y 15,4 %, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: la metodología empleada propia del manual resulta útil para incrementar conocimientos y modificar las creencias y percepción de riesgo a partir de profesores previamente formados como promotores y facilitadores.
INTRODUCTION: in general, sexually transmitted infections, and specially, HIV/AIDS constitute a serious health problem in adolescents and young people, as well as, the risk of suffering them is close related to sexual behaviour, ways of protection, knowledge, perception risk, and some other factors. OBJECTIVES: to increase knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS, and to achieve a change of mentality and risk perception in students of the Faculty of Health Technology from Cerro municipality, Havana in relation to these diseases. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study of intervention in the educational institution of the Faculty of Health Technology, in Cerro municipality, by means of the established methodology in the manual; in which participative, affective, animated and reflexive techniques were used with promoter teachers previously trained on these topics, who subsequently reply the topics to their students. Sample was constituted by 453 students belonging to four specialties of this institution. RESULTS: an increase in levels of knowledge, beliefs and risk perception is evidenced, with an increase of percentage indexes of 38,6, 18,4 and 15,4 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: methodology used in the manual is useful in order to increase knowledge, as well as, to achieve a change of mentality and risk perception through the assistance of teachers previously trained as promoters and facilitators.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Sexual , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Vitamin C is an essential factor for neuronal function and survival, existing in two redox states, ascorbic acid (AA), and its oxidized form, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Here, we show uptake of both AA and DHA by primary cultures of rat brain cortical neurons. Moreover, we show that most intracellular AA was rapidly oxidized to DHA. Intracellular DHA induced a rapid and dramatic decrease in reduced glutathione that was immediately followed by a spontaneous recovery. This transient decrease in glutathione oxidation was preceded by an increase in the rate of glucose oxidation through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and a concomitant decrease in glucose oxidation through glycolysis. DHA stimulated the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. Furthermore, we found that DHA stimulated the rate of lactate uptake by neurons in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Thus, DHA is a novel modulator of neuronal energy metabolism by facilitating the utilization of glucose through the PPP for antioxidant purposes.
Assuntos
Ácido Desidroascórbico/farmacologia , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Transporte Biológico , Células Cultivadas , Ácido Desidroascórbico/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 1/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucose Tipo 3/metabolismo , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glicólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactatos/metabolismo , Modelos Neurológicos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Oxirredução , Via de Pentose Fosfato/efeitos dos fármacos , Cultura Primária de Células , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transportadores de Sódio Acoplados à Vitamina C/metabolismoRESUMO
A comparison was made of the effectiveness of the functionalization reactions of pentacyclo[5.4.0.0(2,6).0(3,10).0(5,9)]undecane-8,11-dione (PCU) using sulphated zirconia in protection-deprotection reactions and Mg/Al hydrotalcite in a cyanosilylation reaction, under classical thermal conditions and imposing microwave radiation; improved yields and reaction times were considered.
Assuntos
Alcanos/síntese química , Hidróxido de Alumínio/química , Química Orgânica/métodos , Hidróxido de Magnésio/química , Zircônio/química , Catálise , Cianatos/química , Micro-Ondas , Silício/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Sulfatos/química , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Los "cangrejos porcelana" Petrolisthes haigae Chace 1962 y P. nobilii Haig 1960, son especies de aguas poco profundas distribuidas a lo largo de las costas del Pacífico Este Tropical. Recolectamos larvas de ambas especies, de ocho y cuatro hembras, en las islas de Taboga y Naos, respectivamente. Las criamos en el laboratorio para describir e ilustrar los primeros estados de zoea de estas especies fueron, hasta ahora desconocidos. Las comparamos con los primeros estadios de zoea de otras especies del género en el oeste de Panamá y concluimos que las características de la primera zoea de ambas especies se asemejan a las del grupo 4 de larvas propuesto por Osawa en 2002.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Braquiúros/anatomia & histologia , Braquiúros/classificação , Larva/anatomia & histologia , Ilhas do PacíficoRESUMO
The porcellanid crabs Petrolisthes haigae Chace 1962, and P nobilii Haig 1960, are shallow-water species distributed along the tropical Eastern Pacific shores. Larvae of both species from eight and four females, collected at Taboga and Naos Islands, respectively, were hatched in the laboratory. First zoeal stages of these species are described and illustrated for the first time and compared to previously first zoeae of other congeneric species from western Panama. Characters of the first zoeae of both species most closely agree with those Osawa's (2002) Group 4 of larvae.