RESUMO
A model of topically induced conjunctival anaphylaxis has been developed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized by infection with 3000 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae and challenged topically on the eye 4 weeks later. Application of worm antigen alone did not induce clinical (conjunctival edema) or histologic (mast-cell degranulation) signs of anaphylaxis. Topical challenge with antigen 15 min after topical application of dithiothreitol (DTT), a mucolytic agent, elicited conjunctival edema and mast-cell degranulation within the first hour after challenge. At 6 and 24 hr, no clinical change was evident and conjunctival mast cells had again become granulated. At none of the three intervals (1, 6 and 24 hr) was there a significant increase in neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils or macrophages in tissues from DTT-pretreated, antigen-eyes. The present model of ocular anaphylaxis resembles the ocular component of human hay fever in that sensitization prior to challenge is essential, the antigen is presented topically to the ocular tissues, conjunctival edema is the clinical manifestation and mast cell degranulation characterizes the histologic changes.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/imunologia , Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Infecções por Nematoides/imunologia , Animais , Túnica Conjuntiva/imunologia , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/etiologia , Ditiotreitol/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Edema/etiologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Nippostrongylus , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The in vitro and in vivo production of hydrogen gas (H2) from various carbohydrates or proteins has been examined in normal rats and in rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Normal rat fecal homogenates were capable of producing H2 in vitro from glucose, sucrose, xylose, lactulose, bovine serum albumin, or casein hydrolysate. Direct injection of glucose, sucrose, xylose, lactulose, bovine serum albumin, or casein hydrolysate into the cecum of normal rats resulted in approximately twice as much H2 production in vivo than when these same carbohydrates or proteins were administered to the normal rats by gavage. Partial small intestinal villous atrophy was produced by infecting rats with the nematode N. brasiliensis. Impaired small intestinal cell function and evidence of malabsorption in the nematode-infected rats included: (a) decreased activity of intestinal cell lactase (-43%), sucrase (-33%), and alkaline phosphatase (-46%); (b) decreased gut sac uptake of 3-O-(methyl-3H]-D-glucose (-21%) or 1-[carboxyl-14C]-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (-28%); and (c) increased (+ 64%-561%) 14CO2 production after D-[U-14C]xylose administration. These rats produced approximately twice as much H2 after gavage administration of glucose, sucrose, xylose, bovine serum albumin, or casein hydrolysate compared with normal rats. The present study suggests that H2 analysis may be useful in the evaluation of small intestinal malabsorption states in rats.
Assuntos
Hidrogênio/análise , Absorção Intestinal , Síndromes de Malabsorção/metabolismo , Animais , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Infecções por Uncinaria/complicações , Infecções por Uncinaria/metabolismo , Masculino , Nippostrongylus , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
Adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately g were fed bovine serum albumin and sodium bicarbonate by gavage. Serum was obtained at intervals after feeding and tested for immunoreactive bovine serum albumin by radioimmunoassay. Nanogram amounts of immunoreactive bovine serum albumin were detected in serum; peak values were obtained after 4 and 6 hr. The influence of intestinal inflammation on protein uptake was examined in two model systems. Infection of rats with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis was accompanied by partial villous atrophy in the intestinal segments harboring adult worms and mild systemic anaphylaxis in the rat was accompanied by increased intestinal vascular and mucosal permeability. Enhanced uptake of BSA was observed before and shortly after self-cure of infection and during mild systemic anaphylaxis. The molecular size of immunoreactive bovine serum albumin approximated that of the administered bovine serum albumin; no small fragments of bovine serum albumin bearing antigenic determinants were detected.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Infecções por Nematoides/metabolismo , Soroalbumina Bovina/metabolismo , Anafilaxia/imunologia , Animais , Feminino , Intestinos/imunologia , Masculino , Infecções por Nematoides/imunologia , Nippostrongylus/imunologia , Ratos , Soroalbumina Bovina/imunologiaRESUMO
In orbital exenteration specimens from 14 rats, 93% of the mast cells were found in the lids, the limbus, and the conjunctiva, 5% in the orbital tissues, and less than 1% in the globe. The density of mast cells was highest in lid (2843/mm3), limbus (2822/mm3), and orbit (2184/mm3) and lowest in bulbar conjunctiva (794/mm3), ciliary body (512/mm3), and sclera (176/mm3). There was no significant difference in the distribution or density of mast cells in orbital exenteration specimens from normal rats compared with rats infected with the worm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. We concluded that certain ocular structures are rich in mast cells, which suggests that these structures might be susceptible to injury mediated by mast cell products.
Assuntos
Oftalmopatias/patologia , Olho/citologia , Mastócitos , Nippostrongylus , Animais , Contagem de Células , Corpo Ciliar/citologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/citologia , Pálpebras/citologia , Infecções por Uncinaria/patologia , Masculino , Órbita/citologia , Ratos , Esclera/citologiaRESUMO
In 1963, Rosen and Bougas reported the case of a woman with recurrent infection, marked elevation of 19S, and virtual absence of 7S gamma globulin. Recently, members of her family were found to have similar abnormalities: Ten of the 37 family members tested had elevated levels of serum IgM accompanied by a combined deficiency of IgG and IgA in three, and by a deficiency of either IgG or IgA in two. In five, an increase in IgM was the sole abnormality. Two children had deficiencies of IgG and IgA with normal serum levels of IgM. Ten of the 12 affected individuals had no IgD detectable by radial immunodiffusion and six had a low percentage of IgG-bearing B lymphocytes. A lack of correlation between the immunochemical abnormalities and either the presence or severity of clinical illness was observed. The presence of immunodeficiency in three generations and in both sexes of this family suggests an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable penetrance of the defect.
Assuntos
Genes Dominantes , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Criança , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Rats were immunized with 10 mug EA and alum; a low titer IgE anti-EA response was observed; subsequent infection with N. brasiliensis greatly potentiated this response. Serum from these rats was tested for its IgE content by a recently developed radioimmunoassay for rat IgE. The average serum level of IgE was 1.15 mug/ml; this level was not altered by immunization, but infection with N. brasiliensis was accompanied by an 80-fold increase in concentration of serum IgE. This increase could not be accounted for by IgE anti-EA or anti-worm antibodies. Infection with N. brasiliensis appears to have an adjuvant effect on IgE antibody responses to diverse environmental antigens as well as the experimentally induced IgE anti-EA response.