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The authors report a rare case of frontal sinus pneumocele in a 26-year-old female patient assessed by computed tomography.
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The number of HIV-infected young women has been increasing since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of anti-retroviral treatment (ART) of HIV-1-infected pregnant women (PW) on cytokine profile of uninfected neonates. Our results demonstrated that higher levels of IL-1ß and TNF-α associated with lower IL-10 production were detected in the plasma obtained from neonates born from ART-treated PW. Furthermore, the production of TNF- α and IFN-γ was also significantly higher in polyclonally-activated T cells from those neonates. This elevated pro-inflammatory pattern detected by these activated-T cells was not associated to HIV-1 antigens sensitization. Finally, ART-exposed neonates showed to be born with lower weight, and it was inversely correlated with maternal peripheral TNF-a level. In summary, the data presented here suggest a significant disturbance in cytokine network of HIV-1-uninfected neonates exposed to potent anti-retroviral schemes during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Citocinas/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Materno-Adquirida/efeitos dos fármacos , Recém-Nascido , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Evidences indicate that pregnancy can alter the Ag-specific T-cell responses. This work aims to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on the in vitro HIV-1-specific immune response. As compared with non-pregnant patients, lower T-cell proliferation and higher IL-10 production were observed in T-cell cultures from pregnant patients following addition of either mitogens or HIV-1 antigens. In our system, the main T lymphocyte subset involved in producing IL-10 was CD4(+)FoxP3(-). Depletion of CD4(+) cells elevated TNF-α and IFN-γ production. Interestingly, the in vitro HIV-1 replication was lower in cell cultures from pregnant patients, and it was inversely related to IL-10 production. In these cultures, the neutralization of IL-10 by anti-IL-10 mAb elevated TNF-α release and HIV-1 replication. In conclusion, our results reveal that pregnancy-related events should favor the expansion of HIV-1-specific IL-10-secreting CD4(+) T-cells in HIV-1-infected women, which should, in the scenario of pregnancy, help to reduce the risk of vertical HIV-1 transmission.
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Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Antígenos HIV/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Ativação Linfocitária , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/virologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/virologia , Replicação Viral/imunologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This work aims to elucidate the effects of age and HIV-1 infection on the frequency and function of T cell subsets in response to HIV-specific and non-specific stimuli. As compared with the younger AIDS group, the frequencies of naive and central memory T cells were significantly lower in aged AIDS patients. Although there was also a dramatic loss of classical CD4(+)FoxP3(+)CD25(+)Treg cells in this patient group, high frequencies of IL-10-producing CD4(+)FoxP3(-) T cells were observed. In our system, the increased production of IL-10 in aged AIDS patients was mainly derived from Env-specific CD4(+)FoxP3(-)CD152(+) T cells. Interestingly, while the blockade of IL-10 activity by monoclonal antibody clearly enhanced the release of IL-6 and IL-1ß by Env-stimulated PBMC cultures from aged AIDS patients, this monoclonal antibody enhanced in vitro HIV-1-replication. In conclusion, HIV infection and aging undoubtedly contribute synergistically to a complex immune dysfunction in T cell compartment of HAART-treated older HIV-infected individuals.
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-10/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/virologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Anticorpos Monoclonais/farmacologia , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , HIV-1/fisiologia , Humanos , Memória Imunológica , Imunofenotipagem , Interleucina-10/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-1beta/biossíntese , Interleucina-1beta/imunologia , Interleucina-6/biossíntese , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/patologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T Reguladores/patologia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
El contenido de esta presentación: algunas ideas sobre el Nuevo Marco de Relacionamiento, principios y acciones, los resultados de la evaluación, los principales retos sobre el Nuevo Marco de Relacionamiento que emergen de la evaluación que se efectuado, y finalmente, algunas conclusiones