RESUMO
AIM(S): To explore the associations between the presence of periodontal pathogens and the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4) in the placental tissue of patients with hypertensive disorders compared to the placentas of healthy normotensive patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed. From a cohort composed of 126 pregnant women, 33 normotensive healthy pregnant women were randomly selected, and 25 cases of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, were selected. Placental biopsy was obtained after aseptic placental collection at the time of delivery. All of the samples were processed and analysed for the detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Determination of the expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 was performed in samples of total purified protein isolated from placental tissues and analysed by ELISA. The data were assessed using descriptive statistics. The associations among variables were estimated through multiple logistic regression models and the Mann-Whitney test to evaluate the differences between the two groups. RESULTS: A significant increase was observed in the expression of TLR-2 in the placentas of patients with hypertensive disorders (p = 0.04). Additionally, the multiple logistic regression models demonstrated an association between the presence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis in placental tissues and hypertensive disorders (OR: 9.39, p = 0.001, CI 95% 2.39-36.88 and OR: 7.59, p = 0.019, CI 95% 1.39-41.51, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, pregnant women with periodontal disease presented an association in the placental tissue between the presence of T. denticola and P. gingivalis and hypertensive disorders. Additionally, increased expression of TLR-2 was observed. However, further studies are required to determine the specific roles of periodontal pathogens and TLRs in the placental tissue of patients with pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/microbiologia , Placenta/imunologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/análise , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/imunologia , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Bacteroides/imunologia , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Fusobacterium nucleatum/imunologia , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Gengivite/imunologia , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/imunologia , Perda da Inserção Periodontal/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal/imunologia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologia , Periodontite/imunologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Placenta/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/imunologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/imunologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/microbiologia , Gravidez , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/análise , Treponema denticola/imunologiaRESUMO
Las enfermedades periodontales asociadas a la placa dental son un importante problema de salud pública. La etiología de estas patologías es de origen multifactorial e involucra factores del hospedero, medio ambiente y de carácter infeccioso asociados a bacterias embebidas en la placa dental. Las principales bacterias asociadas a la periodontitis crónica son Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola y Tannerella forsythia, mientras que Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans se ha asociado principalmente a la periodontitis agresiva. Otro microorganismo clave en el desarrollo de la enfermedad es Fusobacterium nucleatum, el cual tiene la capacidad de co-agregarse con los patógenos periodontales y así facilitar su colonización. Para demostrar la prevalencia de estas bacterias, la co-detección y la asociación entre pacientes chilenos fumadores y no fumadores, se analizaron 67 muestras mediante PCR convencional. Los resultados mostraron que un 90 por ciento de las muestras fueron positivas para F. nucleatum, siendo la bacteria más detectada. Al analizar la co-detección entre las distintas bacterias se observa que F nucleatum está presente en más de un 80 por ciento de los casos cuando se detecta cualquiera de las cuatro bacterias restantes, mientas que A. actinomycetemcomitans se detecta en no más de un 20 por ciento al amplificar cualquiera de las bacterias restantes. Por otra parte, los resultados por género indican que existen diferencias significativas en la detección de T. forsythia, F. nucleatum y A. actinomycetemcomitans. Al considerar el factor de tabaquismo se observó que ninguna de las muestras de pacientes fumadores resultó ser positiva para A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Periodontal disease associated with dental plaque is a major public health problem. The etiology of these disorders is multifactorial involved seeing host factors, environmental factors and infectious nature associated with the presence of bacteria belonging to the plaque. The main bacteria associated with chronic periodontitis are Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia, while Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is mainly associated with aggressive periodontitis. Another key organism in the development of the disease is Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has the ability to co-aggregate with other periodontal pathogen. To demonstrate the prevalence of these bacteria and the association between Chilean smokers and nonsmokers patients, 67 samples were analyzed by conventional PCR. The results showed that 90 percent of the samples were positive for F nucleatum being the most commonly detected bacteria. By analyzing the co-detection between different bacteria shows that F nucleatum is present in more than 80 percent of cases when it detects any of the four remaining bacteria, which lie A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in no more than 20 percent by amplifying any remaining bacteria. Moreover the results by gender indicate that significant differences exist in the detection of T forsythia, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans. In considering the factor of smoking was observed that none of the samples from smokers was found to be positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Periodontite Crônica/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Chile , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , RNA Mensageiro , Fatores Sexuais , Treponema denticola/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
We have cloned and sequenced the rfaH gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty2. The gene showed a high degree of similarity to the rfaH genes from Escherichia coli K-12 and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. A rfaH mutant was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. This mutant produced a rough lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with an incomplete core region. The defect in LPS expression that results from the rfaH mutation was corrected by a plasmid carrying the intact gene. The plasmid-borne rfaH gene also restored normal LPS synthesis in a rfaH mutant of E. coli. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to determine the effects of various environmental conditions on the expression of rfaH. The transcription of rfaH showed a growth-phase-dependent regulation, with maximal expression at the late exponential phase. Other environmental conditions, such as temperature or medium osmolarity, did not affect transcription of rfaH.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Lipopolissacarídeos/biossíntese , Fatores de Alongamento de Peptídeos/genética , Salmonella typhi/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Transativadores/genética , Transcrição Gênica , Clonagem Molecular , Teste de Complementação Genética , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Fatores de Alongamento de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Salmonella typhi/genética , Salmonella typhi/metabolismo , Transativadores/metabolismoRESUMO
A comparative study on the effect of arturin (1), ovatifolin (3), deacetylovatifolin (5), and their 1-acetoxyarturin (2), 8-acetoxyovatifolin (4), 1,10-epoxyovatifolin (6), and 11,13-dihydroovatifolin (7) derivatives, isolated from Podanthus ovatifolius and Podanthus mitiqui, on the seedling growth, germination, and respiration of several monocot and dicot weedy target species was carried out. In addition to the inhibitory activity on the bleaching of crocin induced by alkoxyl radicals, these compounds also displayed scavenging properties toward DPPH in TLC autographic and spectrophotometric assays. The results indicate that ovatifolin (3), deacetylovatifolin (5), epoxyovatifolin (6), dihydroovatifolin (7), and the CH(2)Cl(2) extract interfere with pre-emergence of seedlings at the level of respiration. These compounds appear to have selective effects on the radicle and shoot growth of Physalis ixocarpa and Trifolium pratense. Their allelopathic effects are comparable to those of parthenolide, a know natural growth inhibitor.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Inibidores do Crescimento/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Germinação , Respiração , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
A sensibilidade in vitro, de 50 amostras de Neisseria gonorrhoeae, frente a 6 drogas antimicrobianas foi estudada atraves do metodo de diluicao em meio solido descrito por Robson e Salit. De acordo com a CI90%, as drogas mais ativas foram ampicilina, rifampicina, amoxacilina e penicilina, seguidas de eritromicina e tetraciclina que apresentaram CI90% de 1,17 e 2,5 microgramo/ml, respectivamente. Parte das amostras pesquisadas apresentou resistencia relativa a todos antibioticos utilizados
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Técnicas In Vitro , Resistência Microbiana a MedicamentosAssuntos
Doenças dos Trabalhadores Agrícolas/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , República Dominicana , Feminino , Haiti/etnologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Intercâmbio Educacional Internacional , Masculino , Área Carente de Assistência Médica , Relações Médico-Paciente , Gravidez , Saúde Pública , Habitação Popular/normas , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Extracts prepared from 519 samples of plant material were evaluated for anticancer activity against the usual systems. The results of the antitumor testing showed that 156 of these extracts gave initial indications of anticancer activity in one or more tumor systems. The activity was confirmed in 14 samples.