RESUMO
Alcohol consumption is the leading risk factor for morbi-mortality in many Latin American Countries. However, epidemiologic studies are relatively scarce. Among factors such as limited research capacity, disciplinary traditions and an emphasis on psychopathology within the field of psychology, have been postulated to account for this. The aim of this article is to review epidemiologic research on alcohol in Spanish Speaking Latin American Countries, and to measure the contribution of psychology to the field. A systematic search was performed in English and Spanish using regional and international data bases. We identified 269 articles. Most focused on consumption patterns in youth, with samples from a single school and using a variety of measures. With the exception of multinational efforts like Emergency Room Collaborative Alcohol Analysis Project or those supported by World Health Organization/Pan American Health Organization, studies reviewed reflected little cross country collaboration. Mexico accounted for most of the productivity, while many countries had very few or no articles. Most research was performed by health science researchers with a small contribution from psychology, but which increased significantly over time. The results of this review provide a broad identification of patterns regarding epidemiologic research on alcohol, and demonstrate the need for national scientific policies to promote research on public health topics.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública/métodos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Humanos , América Latina , Estados UnidosRESUMO
El consumo intensivo episódico (CIEA) constituye un problema de salud pública que afecta a los más jóvenes. El estudio de los determinantes cognitivo motivacionales de este patrón de consumo es un área reciente y en creciente desarrollo. Una de las teorías que se ha mostrado adecuada para la explicación de esta conducta es la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP). Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre la intención de CIEA, la actitud, la norma subjetiva y la percepción de control conductual en estudiantes secundarios diferenciándolos por género. Método: La muestra fue intencional, de estudiantes secundarios (n = 185) de la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina) de 12-18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario que indagaba sobre: patrones de consumo, variables de la TCP, edad y sexo. Se realizaron análisis de regresión jerárquica para varones y mujeres por separado, considerando la intención como variable dependiente. Resultados: La principal variable que predice la intención de CIEA, tanto para varones como mujeres es la actitud. La norma subjetiva resultó predictora únicamente en mujeres. Conclusiones: las creencias y evaluaciones respecto al CIEA juegan un importante papel en la disposición para realizar el comportamiento. En el caso de las mujeres también incide la norma subjetiva. Si bien este estudio posee algunas limitaciones, sus resultados permiten aproximarse al estudio de los factores cognitivos motivacionales relacionados con el CIEA en adolescentes, de acuerdo al género.(AU)
Binge drinking (BD) is a public health problem that affects younger people. The study of cognitive motivational determinants of this consumption pattern is a growing and recently developed area. One theory that has proved to be adequate for the explanation of this behavior is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This paper aims to study the relationship between BD intention, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control in high school students, by gender. Method: The sampling was intentional, comprising high school students (n = 185) of the city of Mar del Plata (Argentina) from 12 -18 years old. A questionnaire was developed inquiring about: habitual consumption pattern, TPB variables, age and gender. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for men and women separately, considering intention as the dependent variable. Results: The main variable that predicted intention of BD, for both, males and females, was the attitude. The subjective norm was a predictor only in females. Conclusions: Beliefs and evaluations regarding the BD play a significant role in the disposition for the behavior. For females, subjective norms also affected intention of BD. While this study had some limitations, results highlight the importance of the study of cognitive motivational factors related to BD in adolescents by gender.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Alcoolismo , Assunção de RiscosRESUMO
El consumo intensivo episódico (CIEA) constituye un problema de salud pública que afecta a los más jóvenes. El estudio de los determinantes cognitivo motivacionales de este patrón de consumo es un área reciente y en creciente desarrollo. Una de las teorías que se ha mostrado adecuada para la explicación de esta conducta es la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP). Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la relación entre la intención de CIEA, la actitud, la norma subjetiva y la percepción de control conductual en estudiantes secundarios diferenciándolos por género. Método: La muestra fue intencional, de estudiantes secundarios (n = 185) de la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina) de 12-18 años. Se utilizó un cuestionario que indagaba sobre: patrones de consumo, variables de la TCP, edad y sexo. Se realizaron análisis de regresión jerárquica para varones y mujeres por separado, considerando la intención como variable dependiente. Resultados: La principal variable que predice la intención de CIEA, tanto para varones como mujeres es la actitud. La norma subjetiva resultó predictora únicamente en mujeres. Conclusiones: las creencias y evaluaciones respecto al CIEA juegan un importante papel en la disposición para realizar el comportamiento. En el caso de las mujeres también incide la norma subjetiva. Si bien este estudio posee algunas limitaciones, sus resultados permiten aproximarse al estudio de los factores cognitivos motivacionales relacionados con el CIEA en adolescentes, de acuerdo al género.
Binge drinking (BD) is a public health problem that affects younger people. The study of cognitive motivational determinants of this consumption pattern is a growing and recently developed area. One theory that has proved to be adequate for the explanation of this behavior is the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This paper aims to study the relationship between BD intention, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control in high school students, by gender. Method: The sampling was intentional, comprising high school students (n = 185) of the city of Mar del Plata (Argentina) from 12 -18 years old. A questionnaire was developed inquiring about: habitual consumption pattern, TPB variables, age and gender. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for men and women separately, considering intention as the dependent variable. Results: The main variable that predicted intention of BD, for both, males and females, was the attitude. The subjective norm was a predictor only in females. Conclusions: Beliefs and evaluations regarding the BD play a significant role in the disposition for the behavior. For females, subjective norms also affected intention of BD. While this study had some limitations, results highlight the importance of the study of cognitive motivational factors related to BD in adolescents by gender.