RESUMO
Background: Addition of the phytase enzyme to the diet of monogastric animals is an effective and practical method for both utilization of phytate-P and P disposal. Besides hydrolytic effects on phytate, phytase may also improve the availability of minerals. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an important role in bone mineralization. Since dietary P levels decrease, serum ALP level has been shown to increase. It was reported that pigs and broilers fed phytase had lower serum ALP level. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microbial phytase on serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) levels and ALP activities in broilers fed diets containing different P levels.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 144 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500 stain) were used in this study. The birds were housed in metabolic cages (33 cm × 33 cm × 40 cm) under environmentally controlled conditions for 42 days. The fluorescent lights were on for 24 h each day. Diets and water were provided ad libitum. Starter diet was given in the first three weeks of the study, and grower diet was given from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the sixth week. The study was designed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three levels, low, medium and high, of nonphytate phosphorus (nPP) (0.18, 0.30 and 0.45 %), and two levels of phytase (0 and 600 U/kg diet). Blood samples were collected from 5 broilers in each group on days 21 and 42 and analyzed for serum Ca and Pi levels and ALP activities. Serum Ca concentrations were affected only by dietary P levels between 0-21 days (P < 0.05), but there were no differences between groups for serum Ca concentrations for 22-42 days. Phytase supplementation had no effect on serum Ca concentrations. During the experiment, serum P concentrations increased linearly depending on dietary P levels.[...]
Assuntos
Animais , /sangue , /uso terapêutico , Cálcio/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina , Fósforo na Dieta/sangue , Galinhas/sangueRESUMO
Background: Zinc is needed as essential for many physiological functions in humans and animals. Chitosan is a natural substance produced in the body from glucose and some biological effects such as antimicrobial and immune modification mechanisms. β-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers and have important roles in antitumor and antimicrobial activity in animals. Inulin is used for its effects on immune function, bioavailability of minerals, lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal tract health. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), β-glucan, and inulin on some serum enzymes, metabolites and electrolytes in broilers.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 96 male and 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were used in the study. The ambient temperature was maintained at 33ºC for the first 3 days, which was gradually reduced by 3ºC a week until reaching 24ºC. Chicks had free access to food and tab water. Basal diets containing the soybean meal and corn were prepared for starter (day 1 to 21) and grower (day 22 to 42) periods. Chicks were equally assigned to eight dietary treatment groups: Control (basal diet); Zn (zinc propionate, 1%); Chitosan (Chitosan, 0.025%); β-glucan (β-glucan, 0.05%); Inulin (inulin, 1%); Zn+Chitosan (zinc propionate, 1% + Chitosan, 0.025%); Zn+ β-glucan (zinc propionate, 1% + β-glucan, 0.05%) and Zn+Inulin (zinc propionate, 1% + inulin, 1%). Blood samples were collected from V. brachialis before feeding in the morning on days 21 and 42. Serum K levels were found lower in Zn+COS group than in COS and control groups on day 21 (P < 0.05). They were insignificantly different among all groups on day 42 in the study. Serum sodium levels were significantly higher in inulin group on day 21 and in control group on day 42 than other groups.[...]
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Galinhas/fisiologia , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Propionatos/administração & dosagem , Quitosana , Zinco , Inulina , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , beta-GlucanasRESUMO
Background: Zinc is needed as essential for many physiological functions in humans and animals. Chitosan is a natural substance produced in the body from glucose and some biological effects such as antimicrobial and immune modification mechanisms. β-glucans are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers and have important roles in antitumor and antimicrobial activity in animals. Inulin is used for its effects on immune function, bioavailability of minerals, lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal tract health. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), β-glucan, and inulin on some serum enzymes, metabolites and electrolytes in broilers.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 96 male and 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were used in the study. The ambient temperature was maintained at 33ºC for the first 3 days, which was gradually reduced by 3ºC a week until reaching 24ºC. Chicks had free access to food and tab water. Basal diets containing the soybean meal and corn were prepared for starter (day 1 to 21) and grower (day 22 to 42) periods. Chicks were equally assigned to eight dietary treatment groups: Control (basal diet); Zn (zinc propionate, 1%); Chitosan (Chitosan, 0.025%); β-glucan (β-glucan, 0.05%); Inulin (inulin, 1%); Zn+Chitosan (zinc propionate, 1% + Chitosan, 0.025%); Zn+ β-glucan (zinc propionate, 1% + β-glucan, 0.05%) and Zn+Inulin (zinc propionate, 1% + inulin, 1%). Blood samples were collected from V. brachialis before feeding in the morning on days 21 and 42. Serum K levels were found lower in Zn+COS group than in COS and control groups on day 21 (P < 0.05). They were insignificantly different among all groups on day 42 in the study. Serum sodium levels were significantly higher in inulin group on day 21 and in control group on day 42 than other groups.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagem , Prebióticos/administração & dosagem , Propionatos/administração & dosagem , Zinco , Galinhas/fisiologia , Quitosana , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , beta-Glucanas , InulinaRESUMO
Background: Addition of the phytase enzyme to the diet of monogastric animals is an effective and practical method for both utilization of phytate-P and P disposal. Besides hydrolytic effects on phytate, phytase may also improve the availability of minerals. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays an important role in bone mineralization. Since dietary P levels decrease, serum ALP level has been shown to increase. It was reported that pigs and broilers fed phytase had lower serum ALP level. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of microbial phytase on serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) levels and ALP activities in broilers fed diets containing different P levels.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 144 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500 stain) were used in this study. The birds were housed in metabolic cages (33 cm × 33 cm × 40 cm) under environmentally controlled conditions for 42 days. The fluorescent lights were on for 24 h each day. Diets and water were provided ad libitum. Starter diet was given in the first three weeks of the study, and grower diet was given from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the sixth week. The study was designed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with three levels, low, medium and high, of nonphytate phosphorus (nPP) (0.18, 0.30 and 0.45 %), and two levels of phytase (0 and 600 U/kg diet). Blood samples were collected from 5 broilers in each group on days 21 and 42 and analyzed for serum Ca and Pi levels and ALP activities. Serum Ca concentrations were affected only by dietary P levels between 0-21 days (P < 0.05), but there were no differences between groups for serum Ca concentrations for 22-42 days. Phytase supplementation had no effect on serum Ca concentrations. During the experiment, serum P concentrations increased linearly depending on dietary P levels.[...](AU)