RESUMO
GumK is a membrane-associated glucuronosyltransferase of Xanthomonas campestris that is involved in xanthan gum biosynthesis. GumK belongs to the inverting GT-B superfamily and catalyzes the transfer of a glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GlcA (UDP-GlcA) to a lipid-PP-trisaccharide embedded in the membrane of the bacteria. The structure of GumK was previously described in its apo- and UDP-bound forms, with no significant conformational differences being observed. Here, we study the behavior of GumK toward its donor substrate UDP-GlcA. Turbidity measurements revealed that the interaction of GumK with UDP-GlcA produces aggregation of protein molecules under specific conditions. Moreover, limited proteolysis assays demonstrated protection of enzymatic digestion when UDP-GlcA is present, and this protection is promoted by substrate binding. Circular dichroism spectroscopy also revealed changes in the GumK tertiary structure after UDP-GlcA addition. According to the obtained emission fluorescence results, we suggest the possibility of exposure of hydrophobic residues upon UDP-GlcA binding. We present in silico-built models of GumK complexed with UDP-GlcA as well as its analogs UDP-glucose and UDP-galacturonic acid. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we also show that a relative movement between the domains appears to be specific and to be triggered by UDP-GlcA. The results presented here strongly suggest that GumK undergoes a conformational change upon donor substrate binding, likely bringing the two Rossmann fold domains closer together and triggering a change in the N-terminal domain, with consequent generation of the acceptor substrate binding site.
Assuntos
Glucuronosiltransferase/metabolismo , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Uridina Difosfato Ácido Glucurônico/metabolismo , Xanthomonas campestris/enzimologia , Sítios de Ligação , Glucuronosiltransferase/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Agregados Proteicos , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Xanthomonas campestris/química , Xanthomonas campestris/metabolismoRESUMO
This study investigated the structural and biophysical characteristics of GumB and GumC, two Xanthomonas campestris membrane proteins that are involved in xanthan biosynthesis. Xanthan is an exopolysaccharide that is thought to be a virulence factor that contributes to bacterial in planta growth. It also is one of the most important industrial biopolymers. The first steps of xanthan biosynthesis are well understood, but the polymerization and export mechanisms remain unclear. For this reason, the key proteins must be characterized to better understand these processes. Here we characterized, by biochemical and biophysical techniques, GumB, the outer membrane polysaccharide export protein, and GumC, the polysaccharide co-polymerase protein of the xanthan biosynthesis system. Our results suggested that recombinant GumB is a tetrameric protein in solution. On the other hand, we observed that both native and recombinant GumC present oligomeric conformation consistent with dimers and higher-order oligomers. The transmembrane segments of GumC are required for GumC expression and/or stability. These initial results provide a starting point for additional studies that will clarify the roles of GumB and GumC in the xanthan polymerization and export processes and further elucidate their functions and mechanisms of action.
Assuntos
Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Xanthomonas campestris/enzimologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/análise , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/análise , Proteínas de Transporte/química , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/biossíntese , Proteólise , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/análise , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Xanthomonas campestris/genética , Xanthomonas campestris/metabolismoRESUMO
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the infection occurs in the intestinal tract, numerous food products have been investigated for the presence of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins. In many countries, people use linden flower (Tilia spp) tea as a household remedy and give it to infants as a sedative. Therefore, to help provide a clear picture of this disease transmission, we investigated the presence of botulinum spores in linden flowers. In this study, we analyzed 100 samples of unwrapped linden flowers and 100 samples of linden flowers in tea bags to determine the prevalence and spore-load of C. botulinum. Results were analyzed by the Fisher test. We detected a prevalence of 3% of botulinum spores in the unwrapped linden flowers analyzed and a spore load of 30 spores per 100 grams. None of the industrialized linden flowers analyzed were contaminated with botulinum spores. C. botulinum type A was identified in two samples and type B in one sample. Linden flowers must be considered a potential vehicle of C. botulinum, and the ingestion of linden flower tea can represent a risk factor for infant botulism.
El botulismo del lactante es una toxiinfección causada, principalmente, por Clostridium botulinum. Debido a que esta infección ocurre en el tracto intestinal, la presencia de esta bacteria y sus neurotoxinas ha sido investigada en numerosos alimentos. En muchos países se utiliza el té de tilo (Tilia spp.) como sedante natural, el que se administra incluso a los lactantes. A fin de contribuir al esclarecimiento de la transmisión de esta enfermedad, se investigó la prevalencia y la carga de esporas botulínicas en esta hierba. Se analizaron 100 muestras de tilo comercializado a granel y 100 muestras de tilo industralizado en “saquitos”. Los resultados de prevalencia fueron analizados por el test de Fisher y la carga de esporas por la técnica del número más probable. Se halló una prevalencia de esporas de C. botulinum del 3% en el tilo comercializado a granel, con una carga de 30 esporas/100 g de hierba. En tanto, ninguna de las muestras en saquitos acusó la presencia del patógeno. Se identificaron tres cepas de C. botulinum, dos tipo A y una tipo B. En virtud de estos resultados, el tilo podría considerarse un potencial vehículo de esporas de C. botulinum y la administración de sus infusiones a menores y lactantes, un riesgo para la transmisión de la enfermedad.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Lactente , Camundongos , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Botulismo/transmissão , Clostridium botulinum/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Flores/microbiologia , Esporos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Tilia/microbiologia , Argentina , Bioensaio , Bebidas/microbiologia , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/análise , Toxinas Botulínicas/análise , Clostridium botulinum/fisiologia , Poeira , Embalagem de Alimentos , Temperatura Alta , Medicina Tradicional/efeitos adversos , Fitoterapia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Infant botulism is the most common form of human botulism; however, its transmission has not been completely explained yet. Some of the most recognized potential sources of Clostridium botulinum spores are the soil, dust, honey and medicinal herbs. In Argentina, 456 cases of infant botulism were reported between 1982 and 2007. C. botulinum type A was identified in 455 of these cases whereas type B was identified in just one case. However, in Argentina, types A, B, E, F, G, and Af have been isolated from environmental sources. It is not clearly known if strains isolated from infant botulism cases have different characteristics from strains isolated from other sources. During this study, 46 C. botulinum strains isolated from infant botulism cases and from environmental sources were typified according to phenotypic characteristics. Biochemical tests, antimicrobial activity, and haemagglutinin-negative botulinum neurotoxin production showed uniformity among all these strains. Despite the variability observed in the botulinum neurotoxin's binding to cellular receptors, no correlation was found between these patterns and the source of the botulinum neurotoxin. However, an apparent geographical clustering was observed, since strains isolated from Argentina had similar characteristics to those isolated from Italy and Japan, but different to those isolated from the United States.
Assuntos
Botulismo/microbiologia , Clostridium botulinum/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Toxinas Botulínicas/isolamento & purificação , Toxinas Botulínicas/metabolismo , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Clostridium botulinum/química , Clostridium botulinum/classificação , Microbiologia Ambiental , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Glicoesfingolipídeos/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactente , Itália , Japão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenótipo , Ligação Proteica , Sorotipagem , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Infant botulism is the most common form of human botulism; however, its transmission has not been completely explained yet. Some of the most recognized potential sources of Clostridium botulinum spores are the soil, dust, honey and medicinal herbs. In Argentina, 456 cases of infant botulism were reported between 1982 and 2007. C. botulinum type A was identified in 455 of these cases whereas type B was identified in just one case. However, in Argentina, types A, B, E, F, G, and Af have been isolated from environmental sources. It is not clearly known if strains isolated from infant botulism cases have different characteristics from strains isolated from other sources. During this study, 46 C. botulinum strains isolated from infant botulism cases and from environmental sources were typified according to phenotypic characteristics. Biochemical tests, antimicrobial activity, and haemagglutinin-negative botulinum neurotoxin production showed uniformity among all these strains. Despite the variability observed in the botulinum neurotoxin's binding to cellular receptors, no correlation was found between these patterns and the source of the botulinum neurotoxin. However, an apparent geographical clustering was observed, since strains isolated from Argentina had similar characteristics to those isolated from Italy and Japan, but different to those isolated from the United States.
El botulismo del lactante es la forma más común del botulismo humano; sin embargo, su forma de transmisión no ha sido totalmente explicada. El suelo, el polvo ambiental, la miel y algunas hierbas medicinales son potenciales fuentes de esporas de Clostridium botulinum. Entre 1982 y 2007 se informaron en Argentina 456 casos de botulismo del lactante, 455 casos debidos al serotipo A y uno al serotipo B. Sin embargo, los serotipos A, B, E, F, G y Af han sido aislados de suelos y otras fuentes en Argentina. No se conoce si las cepas aisladas de casos de botulismo del lactante poseen características diferentes de las cepas aisladas de otras fuentes. Durante este estudio se caracterizaron 46 cepas de C. botulinum. Las pruebas bioquímicas y de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y la producción de neurotoxina botulínica hemaglutinina-negativa mostraron uniformidad entre estas cepas. A pesar de la variabilidad observada respecto de la unión de la neurotoxina a receptores celulares, no se observó una correlación entre estos patrones de unión y la fuente de aislamiento. Sin embargo, se observó una aparente agrupación geográfica, ya que las cepas aisladas en Argentina tuvieron características similares a las observadas en las cepas aisladas en Italia y Japón, pero diferentes de las que se registraron en las cepas aisladas en los Estados Unidos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Botulismo/microbiologia , Clostridium botulinum/isolamento & purificação , Argentina/epidemiologia , Toxinas Botulínicas/isolamento & purificação , Toxinas Botulínicas/metabolismo , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Clostridium botulinum/química , Clostridium botulinum/classificação , Microbiologia Ambiental , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/microbiologia , Glicoesfingolipídeos/metabolismo , Itália , Japão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenótipo , Ligação Proteica , Sorotipagem , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Infant botulism is an intestinal toxemia caused principally by Clostridium botulinum. Since the infection occurs in the intestinal tract, numerous food products have been investigated for the presence of C. botulinum and its neurotoxins. In many countries, people use linden flower (Tilia spp) tea as a household remedy and give it to infants as a sedative. Therefore, to help provide a clear picture of this disease transmission, we investigated the presence of botulinum spores in linden flowers. In this study, we analyzed 100 samples of unwrapped linden flowers and 100 samples of linden flowers in tea bags to determine the prevalence and spore-load of C. botulinum. Results were analyzed by the Fisher test. We detected a prevalence of 3% of botulinum spores in the unwrapped linden flowers analyzed and a spore load of 30 spores per 100 grams. None of the industrialized linden flowers analyzed were contaminated with botulinum spores. C. botulinum type A was identified in two samples and type B in one sample. Linden flowers must be considered a potential vehicle of C. botulinum, and the ingestion of linden flower tea can represent a risk factor for infant botulism.
Assuntos
Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Botulismo/transmissão , Clostridium botulinum/isolamento & purificação , Flores/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Esporos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Tilia/microbiologia , Animais , Argentina , Bebidas/microbiologia , Bioensaio , Toxinas Botulínicas/análise , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/análise , Clostridium botulinum/fisiologia , Poeira , Embalagem de Alimentos , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Lactente , Medicina Tradicional/efeitos adversos , Camundongos , Fitoterapia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Mycobacterial proteins coded by the mammalian cell entry (mce) genes allow for cell invasion into the host. The Mycobacterium tuberculosismce-2 and mce-3 mutants have impaired synthesis of mce proteins and are attenuated in BALB/c mice. Intra-tracheal infection of Balb/c mice with either mce mutant induced lower but progressive production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, as well as larger delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, than their parental H37Rv strain. When used as a subcutaneous vaccine and, before challenge, both mutants were more attenuated than BCG in Balb/c and immunodeficient nude mice. Cell suspensions from lymph nodes and spleen from mce mutant vaccinated mice stimulated with mycobacterial culture filtrate antigens (CFA) or immunodominant antigens (ESAT-6, Ag85) produced more INF-gamma than BCG-vaccinated animals. Used as subcutaneous vaccines, 60 days before intra-tracheal challenge with the hypervirulent strain of M. tuberculosis (Beijing code 9501000), both mutants induced a higher level of protection than BCG; 72% and 63% of the mice vaccinated with the mce-2 and mce-3 mutants, respectively, survived for 16 weeks after the challenge as compared to 30% of those vaccinated with BCG. Likewise, there was less tissue damage (pneumonia) and lower colony forming units (CFU) in the mice vaccinated with either of the two mutants as compared to the findings in mice vaccinated with BCG. These data suggest that lack of mce-2 and -3 gene expression decreases virulence and increases immunogenicity of live vaccines, favouring their ability to protect against tuberculosis, which was better than the protection conferred by BCG.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Animais , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mutação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossíntese , Vacinação , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Nutritional support in the critically ill patient is an important mainstay within the specialty of intensive care medicine. Patients at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are usually hypercatabolic and require an adequate nutritional support. Usually, the intensive care physician prescribes nutrition type, its amount, and follow-up of patients; however, the qualification of these physicians regarding clinical nutrition is unknown. OBJECTIVE: to investigate the degree of knowledge on artificial nutrition and the interest on nutrition of intensive care physicians. METHODOLOGY: a prospective survey was done on 60 intensive care physicians from three public hospitals of Asunción (22 staff physicians and 38 internal residents), with a mean age of 34 +/- 6 years, and a mean professional practice of 5.8 +/- 6 years. The survey contained 10 questions and multiple-choice answers to determine the degree of knowledge depending on the grade obtained, and 5 questions on personal training and attitude towards nutritional support in the ICU. RESULTS: 98.3% of surveyed physicians considered that nutritional support of the ICU-admitted patient has an effect on morbidity and mortality of patients. Nevertheless, 88.3% of physicians considered their nutritional training in the ICU as insufficient. Seventy percent do not usually read papers on nutrition on scientific journals. Only 25% of them formulate parenteral nutrition, and 30% have attended a course on nutrition in the ICU within the last 5 years. The final grade for the 10 questions, the maximum grade possible being 10, was 6.1 +/- 1.9 for staff physicians, and 5.59 +/- 2.3 for internal residents (p = 0.3). When analyzing the correct answers by years of practice, the mean grade was 5.2 +/- 2.3 in those with less than 2 years of practice versus 6.4 +/- 1.7 in those with more than 2 years of practice (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: nutritional training in intensive care medicine is incomplete and the degree of knowledge on nutrition in the critically ill patient is insufficient, being lower in physicians with a limited practice in the ICU. These results suggest the urgent need for training on clinical nutrition of intensive care physicians for the care of the critically ill patient being complete.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Cuidados Críticos , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Apoio Nutricional , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Coleta de Dados , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Corpo Clínico Hospitalar , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Reproductive losses in a beef herd of 857 heifers with a pregnancy rate of 86.3% are described. After pregnancy testing, 69 abortions were seen during a 3 month period. Before calving season, three heifers had delivered pre-mature non-viable calves. Serum samples from 58 of 69 aborted heifers were available for serological tests. In order to compare the seroprevalence in non-aborted vs. aborted heifers, 214 pregnant animals were bleed during the abortion storm. In addition, blood samples were collected from two heifers with pre-mature calves and from 16 heifers with their calves prior to colostrum intake. All available serum samples were tested for Neospora caninum antibodies using an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Fifty-nine of 290 (20.3%) evaluated heifers were seropositive. Heifers that aborted and heifers with pre-mature calves were more likely to be seropositive than pregnant heifers and heifers with normal calves [odds ratio (OR), 12.01; 95% CI, 6.18-23.30]. Vaginal mucus from four aborted heifers, and samples from two aborted foetuses and three pre-mature calves were available. Laboratory tests for Tritrichomonas foetus, bacterial and viral isolation, and histological examination were performed. Culture from vaginal mucus and foetal samples were negative. Histological lesions consistent with neosporosis and positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) to N. caninum were found in one aborted foetus and in one pre-mature calf. It is the first description of reproductive losses because of N. caninum in beef herds in Argentina.
Assuntos
Aborto Animal/mortalidade , Doenças dos Bovinos/mortalidade , Coccidiose/veterinária , Neospora/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Coccidiose/mortalidade , Feminino , Feto/microbiologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Masculino , Carne , Neospora/imunologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/mortalidade , Taxa de GravidezRESUMO
Botulism, well known for centuries, continues to preoccupy the Public Health authorities, food and agricultural industries. In its oldest form it results from ingestion of food containing botulinum toxin. To correctly evaluate the incidence of botulism it is fundamental to know the distribution of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia (Clostridium botulinum, C. baratii, C. butyricum and C. argentinense) in nature, specially in the soil, its main reservoir. In our country, this study has been carried out in a partial way. With the aim to contribute to such knowledge, 240 soil samples from Entre Ríos province were examined for C. botulinum and 35 (14.6%) samples resulted positive.
Assuntos
Clostridium/isolamento & purificação , Microbiologia do Solo , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Bioensaio , Botulismo/epidemiologia , Botulismo/microbiologia , Botulismo/veterinária , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Clostridium/classificação , Clostridium/metabolismo , Clostridium botulinum/isolamento & purificação , Clostridium botulinum/metabolismo , Reservatórios de Doenças , Camundongos , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
El botulismo, reconocido desde hace siglos, continúa preocupando a las autoridades de salud pública y a las industrias alimentaria y agropecuaria. En su forma más antigua, resulta de la ingestión de alimentos conteniendo toxina botulínica. Para evaluar correctamente el riesgo de la incidencia del botulismo, es fundamental el conocimiento de la distribución de clostridios productores de toxina botulínica (Clostridium botulinum, C.baratii, C.butyricum y C.argentinense) en el medio natural, sobre todo en el suelo, su principal reservorio. En nuestro país este estudio se ha realizado en forma parcial. Con el objetivo de contribuir con dicho conocimiento se analizaron 240 muestras provenientes de la provincia de Entre Ríos, de las cuales 35 (17,6 por ciento ) resultaron positivas.
Assuntos
Argentina , Botulismo , Clostridium botulinum , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
El botulismo, reconocido desde hace siglos, continúa preocupando a las autoridades de salud pública y a las industrias alimentaria y agropecuaria. En su forma más antigua, resulta de la ingestión de alimentos conteniendo toxina botulínica. Para evaluar correctamente el riesgo de la incidencia del botulismo, es fundamental el conocimiento de la distribución de clostridios productores de toxina botulínica (Clostridium botulinum, C.baratii, C.butyricum y C.argentinense) en el medio natural, sobre todo en el suelo, su principal reservorio. En nuestro país este estudio se ha realizado en forma parcial. Con el objetivo de contribuir con dicho conocimiento se analizaron 240 muestras provenientes de la provincia de Entre Ríos, de las cuales 35 (17,6 por ciento ) resultaron positivas. (AU)
Assuntos
Botulismo/microbiologia , Clostridium botulinum , Microbiologia do Solo , ArgentinaRESUMO
Botulism, well known for centuries, continues to preoccupy the Public Health authorities, food and agricultural industries. In its oldest form it results from ingestion of food containing botulinum toxin. To correctly evaluate the incidence of botulism it is fundamental to know the distribution of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia (Clostridium botulinum, C. baratii, C. butyricum and C. argentinense) in nature, specially in the soil, its main reservoir. In our country, this study has been carried out in a partial way. With the aim to contribute to such knowledge, 240 soil samples from Entre Ríos province were examined for C. botulinum and 35 (14.6
) samples resulted positive.
RESUMO
UNLABELLED: The acute phase response (APR) is characterized by proteolysis with decreased body cell mass, hyperglycemia, body water retention and renal dysfunction, which we hypothesised could affect magnesium serum levels. The aim of this study was to compare serum magnesium levels among hospitalized patients with or without APR. METHOD: All serum magnesium results (n = 527) corresponding to a six-months period were searched at University Hospital mainframe. Relevant laboratorial and clinical details were also registered. All cases of diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, or serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl were excluded. APR was defined by the presence of fever plus severe trauma or infection plus leukopenia or leukocytosis. RESULTS: From a total of 214 patients, sixty-nine (32.2%) met the criteria for APR positivity (APR [symbol: see text]). Groups were paired for age, color, gender, diuretic use and edema presence. Hypomagnesemia was registered among 72% of cases, without statistical difference (p = 0.06) among APR [symbol: see text] and APR theta patients (63.8 vs 75.9%). Serum magnesium levels (median; range) were higher among APR [symbol: see text] cases, when compared to APR theta ones: 1.75; 1-3 vs 1.6; 0.9-2.9 m/dl, the same occurring with glycemia (115; 49-236 vs 99; 61-191 mg/dl) and serum creatinine (mean +/- SD): 0.8840 +/- 306 vs 0.803 +/- 0.257 mg/dl. Hypermagnesemia was more common among APR [symbol: see text] cases: 8.7 vs 2.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that higher magnesium serum levels seen in APR [symbol: see text] patients may be attributed to subclinical renal ischemia and possibly to increased glucose serum levels.
Assuntos
Reação de Fase Aguda/sangue , Deficiência de Magnésio/sangue , Magnésio/sangue , Reação de Fase Aguda/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Deficiência de Magnésio/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Objetivo. A resposta de fase aguda (RFA), caracteriza-se por proteólise, com hipotrofia da massa celular corporal, hiperglicemia, retençao hídrica e disfunçao renal, fenômenos que potencialmente afetam os níveis de magnésio (Mg++) sérico. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar os níveis séricos de Mg++ entre pacientes hospitalizados, com ou sem RFA. Métodos. Obteve-se um banco de dados do mainframe do Hospital-Escola contendo informaçoes sobre dosagens bioquímicas simultâneas de creatinina, glicose e magnésio e outros eletrólitos séricos de 214 pacientes internados, sem diabetes mellitus, insuficiência renal crônica ou creatinina sérica > 1,5mg/dl. A presença de RFAÅ foi definida pela presença de febre mais diagnósticos de trauma, cirurgia recente ou infecçao, além de leucopenia ou leucocitose. Resultados. Dos casos, 32,2 por cento foram considerados RFA. Nao houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à idade, gênero e cor. Houve pareamento entre os grupos RFAÅ e RFAQ quanto à freqüência de uso de diuréticos (10,1 vs 11,7 por cento) e presença de edema (3 vs 6 por cento). Hipomagnesemia ocorreu em 154 casos (72 por cento do total), sendo 75,9 por cento no grupo RFAQ e 63,8 por cento no grupo RFAÅ (p=0,06). Os níveis de Mg++ (mediana; faixa de variaçao) foram maiores no grupo RFAÅ: (1,75; 1-3 vs 1,6; 0,9-2,9mg/dl), o mesmo ocorrendo com a glicemia (115; 49-236 vs 99; 61-191 mg/dl) e creatinina sérica (0,884 + 0,306 vs 0,803 + 0,257 mg/dl). Hipermagnesemia foi mais comum no grupo RFAÅ: 8,7 vs 2,1 por cento. Conclusoes. Pacientes RFAÅ apresentam maiores níveis de magnésio sérico, fenômeno possivelmente relacionado com aumentos da glicemia, uréia e creatinina séricas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Reação de Fase Aguda/sangue , Magnésio/sangue , Deficiência de Magnésio/sangue , Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reação de Fase Aguda/complicações , Hospitalização , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Deficiência de Magnésio/etiologiaRESUMO
PIP: Workshops on sexuality for working-class Argentinean boys and girls 11-22 years of age, sponsored by the Foundation for Studies and Research on Women, have provided young people with a supportive environment for the exploration of reproductive health issues. The workshops have been held in schools, clubs, institutions for minors, health facilities, and community centers and complemented by workshops for parents, teachers, and other adults. Pre- and post-workshop questionnaires are administered to assess knowledge gains. Use of a gender-sensitive male coordinator has increased the participation of adolescent males and provided them with a role model. However, gender-related issues are better accepted by participants when introduced by peer educators rather than adults. At the conclusion of the workshops, young people produce songs, posters, drawings, and poems that reflect the educational content and are displayed in their communities. Although girls are preoccupied with a fear of pregnancy, both boys and girls do not perceive themselves as at risk of human immunodeficiency virus. Adolescents in rural areas are more sexually active than their urban counterparts. Finally, adolescent females report difficulties negotiating safe sex due to fears of being abandoned by their boyfriends.^ieng