RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate two cryoprotectants, dimethylformamide (DMF) and methylformamide (MF) in two concentrations (5 and 7 %) in vitro in donkey semen using a rapid freezing technique and the effect on pregnancy rates in mares. Twenty-four ejaculates from 8 jacks (n = 8; r = 3) were divided into 4 extenders: BotuSemen Gold with 5 % or 7 % MF and 5 % or 7 % DMF, all containing 11 % lactose, 20 % egg-yolk and 0.5 % Equex. Post-thaw evaluations included: sperm motility, membrane function and acrosome status. A linear mixed effect model was used to test the effect of different freezing media on semen parameters. No differences were observed between the 4 freezing media used, for any of the seminal parameters (P > 0.05). However, samples with 5 % DMF showed the highest percentages of sperm with acrosomes and functional membranes (DMF: 5 %: 53.67 ± 22.01; 7 %: 33.92 ± 23.4; MF: 5 %: 44.5 ± 20.46; 7 %: 38.75 ± 27.4) (Data: mean ± SD; P > 0.05). Hence, thirty mares were inseminated: 15 with 5 % DMF and 15 with 7 % DMF. The pregnancy rate was 46 % (7/15) and 0 % (0/15) using the extender with 5 % or 7 % DMF, respectively (P = 0.003). To conclude, the use of 5 % or 7 % of MF or DMF did not affect the in vitro parameters. Despite the lack of differences in vitro with the two DMF concentrations, in vivo results only showed pregnancies when using 5 % DMF. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate the importance of accompanying in vitro semen evaluations with studies that evaluate post-insemination pregnancy rates.

Assuntos

Criopreservação , Crioprotetores , Equidae , Preservação do Sêmen , Animais , Equidae/fisiologia , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/métodos , Crioprotetores/farmacologia , Feminino , Masculino , Criopreservação/métodos , Criopreservação/veterinária , Gravidez , Dimetilformamida/farmacologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Sêmen/efeitos dos fármacos , Sêmen/química , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Formamidas

RESUMO

In the last years, there has been an increasing interest in llamas, not only as part of a productive system, but mostly as companion animals. Most reports regarding clinical biochemistry and haematology include few llamas and details about their health status are not available. The present study aims to provide haematological and biochemical parameters for llamas of known health status. Twenty-three non-pregnant females and seven males that live in Buenos Aires, Argentina (34°36'S, 58°22'W, at sea level) were studied. Llamas were clinically healthy, in good nutritional status. Animals were kept at grass and were fed hay bale or pellets and water ad libitum. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture in spring. Packed cell volume, leucocyte count, differential white cell count, platelets count, urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, calcium and phosphate were assessed. No significant differences were observed between males and females, except for platelet count and calcium, which was greater in males (P˂0.01). Values obtained for the different parameters were similar to those previously reported, except for monocytes, alkaline phosphatase, glucose and calcium, that were lower and lymphocytes and platelets count, that were higher in this study. In conclusion, different ambient and methodological conditions might affect some parameters. The parameters hereby presented are representative of llama's population living at sea level in South America.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos , Hematologia , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Cálcio , Fosfatase Alcalina , Glucose , Nível de Saúde , Valores de Referência , Análise Química do Sangue/veterinária

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are malignant neoplasms that are common in dogs. Their biological behavior is variable and unpredictable. The aim of the present study was to analyze the histological classification and expression of markers of canine MCTs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty samples of canine MCTs were graded according to the histological classification methods of Patnaik and those of Kiupel. The expression of phosphoprotein 53 (p53) and c-kit proteins was quantified by immunohistochemistry using image processing software, ImageJ - a public domain computer program, developed at the National Institutes of Health. RESULTS: It was possible to determine the grade of 100% of the samples. According to Patnaik's classification, 20.00% of the samples were Grade 1, 43.30% were Grade 2, and 36.70% were Grade 3. According to Kiupel's classification, 56.67% of the samples were of high intensity and 43.33% were of low intensity. Grade 1 tumors had the highest expression of p53 and c-kit, and Grade 2 had the lowest expression. The results showed that it is necessary to perform both histological grading methods. The classification into high and low intensity may provide more consistent results than the three-level grading system. However, a smaller number of categories, although it facilitates the classification, may not be sufficient for the prognosis. CONCLUSION: Quantitative evaluation of p-53 and c-kit expression is a useful tool to increase the accuracy of the analysis and to aid in choosing the treatment method for canine MCTs. Histological grading should be combined with other diagnostic methods.

RESUMO

Plasma progesterone (P4 ) concentrations and follicular activity after administration of different P4 doses were evaluated in 33 adult female llamas treated with intravaginal devices. In Study 1, a group of llamas (n = 10) was treated with an intravaginal device (IVD) containing 160 (n = 5) or 780 mg of P4 (n = 5). Based on the results from the first study, in Study 2, females with follicles at different stages of development were treated with the IVD containing 780 mg of P4 (n = 21) or remain untreated (control; n = 12) to evaluate the effect of P4 on follicular activity. In Study 1, the IVD containing 160 mg of P4 induced follicular turnover in 60% of females while the remaining 40% of llamas developed persistent follicles. Thus, this device controlled follicular activity in llamas, although it promotes the persistence of follicles present at start of treatment. Conversely, in both studies, the IVD containing 780 mg of P4 suppressed follicular development and hasten the emergence of a new follicular wave in all females regardless of the follicular phase at insertion. Additionally, in Study 2, this device effectively concentrated the appearance of follicles with ovulatory diameter at a definite time after treatment in comparison with control animals. In conclusion, treatment with an IVD containing 780 mg of P4 would be considered for the control of follicular activity in llamas as it ensures the presence of a young follicle with ovulatory diameter by day 6 after the end of treatment in all females.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Estradiol/metabolismo , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Progesterona/farmacologia , Animais , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Progesterona/administração & dosagem

RESUMO

Endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated in non-pregnant and pregnant llamas during the period when luteolysis/maternal recognition of pregnancy is expected to occur. Females (n = 28) were divided into two groups: non-pregnant llamas were induced to ovulate with a Buserelin injection, and endometrial biopsies were obtained on day 8 (n = 5) or 12 (n = 5) post-induction of ovulation. Animals of the pregnant group (n = 18) were mated with a fertile male. Pregnancy was confirmed by the visualization of the embryo collected by transcervical flushing in 5 of 9 animals on day 8 post-mating and by progesterone profile on day 12 post-mating in 4 of 9 animals, when endometrial biopsies were obtained. An immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate receptors population and COX-2 expression. Pregnant llamas showed a higher percentage of positive cells and stronger intensity for ERα than for non-pregnant llamas in stroma on day 8 and in the luminal epithelium on day 12 post-induction of ovulation, while a deep decrease in endometrial PR population was reported in pregnant llamas on that day in luminal and glandular epithelia and stroma. In the luminal epithelium, COX-2 expression was lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant animals. Briefly, the increase of ERα in pregnant llamas gives further support to the hypothesis that oestrogens are involved in the mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Endometrial PR decrease in pregnant llamas might be a necessary event to allow the expression of proteins involved in conceptus attachment, a mechanism widely accepted in other species. Moreover, embryo seems to attenuate maternal PGF(2α) secretion during early pregnancy by decreasing the endometrial expression of COX-2 in the luminal epithelium of pregnant llamas.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Endométrio/metabolismo , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Prenhez , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Animais , Biópsia , Busserrelina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Luteólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez

RESUMO

Ovarian follicular growth in non-mated llamas occurs in successive waves that generally superimpose their origin on the regression of the preceding wave (overlapping), originating prolonged sexual receptivity in the species. The aim of this study was to perform an ultrasonographic and endocrine characterization of individual and successive waves in non-mated llamas with a special interest on the overlapping phenomenon. Twelve llamas were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography for at least two consecutive waves. In six females, blood samples were collected daily at the end of each examination. The development of the largest follicle (F) showed a wavelike pattern with a mean duration of 25 days. All waves evaluated were partially overlapped on the preceding wave and emerged at a mean interval of 15.8 ± 0.5 days. This interwave interval determines a mean overlapping degree of 32% of the wave length. Similarly, mean plasma oestradiol-17ß (E2 ) concentrations followed a wavelike pattern. However, E2 concentrations started to decline before the structural regression of the F was observed. Mean basal E2 concentrations remain higher than 10.9 ± 0.6 pmol/l. In conclusion, follicular activity in non-mated llamas is characterized by continuous emergence of successive waves that always overlap the preceding wave with variable degrees. E2 production during the follicular wave is shorter in duration than the morphological development of the F. Finally, the overlapping phenomenon maintains increased plasma E2 concentrations persistently and this could explain the prolonged periods of sexual receptivity registered in llamas.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Estradiol/sangue , Folículo Ovariano/diagnóstico por imagem , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Animais , Camelídeos Americanos/sangue , Feminino , Fatores de Tempo , Ultrassonografia

RESUMO

Endometrial expression of oestrogen (ERα), progesterone (PR) and oxytocin receptor (OR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was evaluated from the induction of ovulation to luteolysis in llamas. Ovarian activity was daily assessed by ultrasonography in five females. Ovulation was induced immediately after the detection of an ovulatory follicle by a GnRH injection (Day 0). Endometrial samples were obtained by transcervical biopsies from the left and right horns on day 0 and days 4, 8, 10 and 12 post-GnRH. Blood samples were collected daily for progesterone and estradiol-17ß determinations by RIA. An immunohistochemical technique was used to study receptors population and COX-2 expression which were then evaluated by two independent observers. The expression of ERα and PR was highest on day 0 in the luminal epithelium and stroma in association with high plasma estradiol-17ß concentrations. Thereafter, a decrease in ERα population was registered on day 4 and a new increase of its expression was observed between days 8 and 12 in those cell types. Conversely, PR population was gradually down-regulated until its lowest expression was reached on day 10 post-GnRH in the luminal epithelium. Content of OR was similar throughout the study in all cell types. The expression of COX-2 was highest from day 8 to 12 post-GnRH in the luminal epithelium, in relation to the time of maximal PGF2α release. Both steroid receptors populations and COX-2 expression were similar between horns. Meanwhile, OR expression was higher in the right than in the left uterine horn. In summary, this study showed that the loss of endometrium sensitivity to progesterone by days 8-10 post-induction of ovulation and the concomitant increase of COX-2 expression could play a key role in the mechanism of luteolysis and somehow be related to the short corpus luteum lifespan of llamas.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/análise , Endométrio/química , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Ocitocina/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análise , Animais , Estradiol/sangue , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Luteólise/fisiologia , Ovulação/fisiologia , Progesterona/sangue

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of the corpus luteum to d-cloprostenol (synthetic analog of PGF(2α)) throughout the luteal phase in llamas. Female llamas (n=43) were induced to ovulate by GnRH injection in the presence of an ovulatory follicle and randomly assigned into one of six groups: control and treated with an injection of d-cloprostenol on Day 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8 post GnRH. Blood samples were collected to determine plasma progesterone concentrations. There was no effect of treatment on animals injected on Day 3 or 4 post-GnRH. In animals treated on Day 5, different responses were observed. No effect of treatment was recorded in 27% of the animals whereas 55% of the llamas showed a transitory decrease followed by a recovery in plasma progesterone concentrations after d-cloprostenol injection, indicative of a resurgence of the corpus luteum, extending the luteal phase a day more than in control animals. In the remaining 18% of the animals injected on Day 5, (corresponding to those exhibiting the greatest plasma progesterone concentrations at the day of injection), complete luteolysis was observed. Plasma progesterone concentrations decreased to below 1 ng ml(-1) 24 h after d-cloprostenol in llamas injected on Day 6 or 8 post-GnRH. In conclusion, the corpus luteum of llamas is completely refractory to PGF(2α) until Day 4 after induction of ovulation, being partially sensitive by Day 5 and fully responsive to PGF(2α), by Day 6 after induction of ovulation.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Cloprostenol/farmacologia , Corpo Lúteo/efeitos dos fármacos , Dinoprosta/análogos & derivados , Fase Luteal/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Progesterona/sangue

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of rejection after intestinal transplantation is still performed by endoscopic biopsy monitoring. Less invasive diagnostic procedures are desirable, although they are not available so far. Calprotectin, a stable cytosolic granulocyte protein, which previously was used as a marker of inflammatory processes, has been proposed to be a biochemical marker for rejection. The aim of the present work was to analyze the concordance between calprotectin levels in intestinal content and the presence of graft rejection after small bowel transplantation. METHODS: Calprotectin level was measured using a commercial ELISA kit on 137 samples of intestinal content randomly collected during endoscopies performed on 11 intestinal transplantation patients during 2 years' follow-up. Calprotectin determinations were correlated with histological and clinical findings. The cut-off level was determined retrospectively by receiver-operator curve analysis. RESULTS: Based on histological findings and clinical records, samples were discerned as rejection positive (37 of 137), versus negative (35 of 137) samples or those with no clinical, endoscopic, or histological findings (65 of 137 samples). A cut-off value of 65 microg of calprotectin/g of intestinal content provided the best assay parameter according to the clinical findings: a 76% sensitivity and a 47% specificity. False positive results corresponded to patients with gastrointestinal infections (13%), systemic infections (13%), ulcers (10%), or nonspecific histological alterations of the mucosa (15%). The other false positive cases corresponded to postsurgical samples (4%), or patients with concomitant gastrointestinal symptoms (2%). Most false negative results (78%) were observed during recovery from severe acute rejection episodes, among successfully treated patients. In these cases, epithelial reconstitution and no mucosal infiltration was observed. If the latter group were discarded, sensitivity rose to 93%, and specificity, to 50% with a 96% negative predictive value. Furthermore, a weak correlation was observed between calprotectin levels and the severity of rejection. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the results obtained by other groups: fecal calprotectin dosage showed a good sensitivity but low specificity for the diagnosis of intestinal rejection because high calprotectin levels can also be observed in other clinical conditions. Nevertheless, it might be used as a first line for continuous evaluation of intestinal transplantation status, like other biochemical parameters that are used in kidney or liver transplantation, before considering the need for a biopsy.

Assuntos

Rejeição de Enxerto/diagnóstico , Complexo Antígeno L1 Leucocitário/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Fezes/química , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante Homólogo

RESUMO

Malignancy of pulmonary large cell carcinomas (LCC) increases from classic LCC through LCC with neuroendocrine morphology (LCCNM) to large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). However, the histological classification has sometimes proved to be difficult. Because the malignancy of LCC is highly dependent on proteins with functions in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis, p53 has been targeted as a potentially useful biological marker. p53 mutations in lung cancers have been shown to result in expression and protein expression also occurs in the absence of mutations. To validate the importance of both p53 protein expression (by immunostaining) and p53 gene mutations in lung LCC (by PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of exons 5, 6, 7, and 8) and to study their relationships with clinical factors and sub-classification we investigated the correlation of p53 abnormalities in 15 patients with LCC (5 classic LCC, 5 LCNEC, and 5 LCCNM) who had undergone resection with curative intent. Of these patients, 5/15 expressed p53 and none had mutant p53 sequences. There was a negative survival correlation with positive p53 immunostaining (P = 0.05). After adjustment for stage, age, gender, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and histological subtypes by multivariate analysis, p53 expression had an independent impact on survival. The present study indicates that p53 assessment may provide an objective marker for the prognosis of LCC irrespective of morphological variants and suggests that p53 expression is important for outcome prediction in patients with the early stages of LCC. The results reported here should be considered to be initial results because tumors from only 15 patients were studied: 5 each from LCC, LCNEC and LCCNM. This was due to the rarity of these specific diseases.

Assuntos

Carcinoma de Células Grandes/genética , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/genética , Genes p53/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutação/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/cirurgia , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/metabolismo , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/mortalidade , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/cirurgia , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Éxons , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida

RESUMO

Malignancy of pulmonary large cell carcinomas (LCC) increases from classic LCC through LCC with neuroendocrine morphology (LCCNM) to large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). However, the histological classification has sometimes proved to be difficult. Because the malignancy of LCC is highly dependent on proteins with functions in the cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis, p53 has been targeted as a potentially useful biological marker. p53 mutations in lung cancers have been shown to result in expression and protein expression also occurs in the absence of mutations. To validate the importance of both p53 protein expression (by immunostaining) and p53 gene mutations in lung LCC (by PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of exons 5, 6, 7, and 8) and to study their relationships with clinical factors and sub-classification we investigated the correlation of p53 abnormalities in 15 patients with LCC (5 classic LCC, 5 LCNEC, and 5 LCCNM) who had undergone resection with curative intent. Of these patients, 5/15 expressed p53 and none had mutant p53 sequences. There was a negative survival correlation with positive p53 immunostaining (P = 0.05). After adjustment for stage, age, gender, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and histological subtypes by multivariate analysis, p53 expression had an independent impact on survival. The present study indicates that p53 assessment may provide an objective marker for the prognosis of LCC irrespective of morphological variants and suggests that p53 expression is important for outcome prediction in patients with the early stages of LCC. The results reported here should be considered to be initial results because tumors from only 15 patients were studied: 5 each from LCC, LCNEC and LCCNM. This was due to the rarity of these specific diseases.

Assuntos

Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/genética , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/genética , /genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Mutação/genética , /metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Grandes/cirurgia , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/metabolismo , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/mortalidade , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/cirurgia , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Éxons , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , Prognóstico , Análise de Sobrevida , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo

RESUMO

Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and progesterone receptor (PR) were characterized in different endometrial cell types as luminal and glandular epithelium and stroma during the follicular (FP) and the luteal phase (LP) in llamas. Animals were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography for the determination of the presence of an ovulatory follicle and ovulation was immediately induced by a GnRH injection (Day 0). Endometrial samples were obtained by transcervical biopsies from the left uterine horn on Day 0 (FP) and 9 days after the GnRH injection (Day 9, LP). Blood samples were collected on these days for estradiol 17beta and progesterone determination by RIA. An immunohistochemical technique was used to visualize ERalpha and PR immunostaining which was then analyzed by two independent observers. Total positive area and average staining for ERalpha were affected by the phase of the ovarian activity: in the three cell types there was more positive area and intense staining during the FP than during the LP. Similar findings were observed for PR, more positive stained areas were found during the FP than during the LP in the epithelia. In addition, the three cell types had more intense staining during the FP than during the LP. An effect of the cell type for ERalpha and PR was observed; epithelia (luminal and glandular) had more positive stained areas and greater intensity than stromal cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that in llamas, like in other ruminants, estradiol has a stimulatory effect while progesterone downregulates the ERalpha and PR and that the receptor is cell type specific.

Assuntos

Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Receptor alfa de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Fase Folicular/fisiologia , Fase Luteal/fisiologia , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária

RESUMO

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una de las tres primeras causas de muerte por cáncer en nuestro país, con una amplia repercusión socioeconómica. Es por ello que la Comisión Directiva de la Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Uruguay (SGU) consideró oportuno tomar medidas tendientes a disminuir su morbimortalidad. Con este fin se creó en el año 2001 una Comisión que tuvo a su cargo la revisión de los consensos internacionales de diagnóstico precoz y seguimiento del CCR para adecuarlos a nuestro medio. Surgen así las Recomendaciones de la SGU para la detección precoz y seguimiento del CCR. En ellas se propone aplicar un programa de screening y de seguimiento para CCR, clasificando a la población en 4 grupos de riesgo en base a la edad, los antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedades con riesgo aumentado para CCR. La técnica a utilizar en el caso de screening variará de acuerdo al grupo, aunque de ser posible se optará por la fibrocolonoscopía como técnica ideal. El seguimiento se aplica a aquellos pacientes con antecedentes personales de pólipos adenomatosos, CCR o enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, siendo la fibrocolonoscopía la técnica de elección. Estas recomendaciones fueron puestas a consideración y arbitraje en asamblea extraordinaria de la SGU. (AU)

Assuntos

/diagnóstico , /terapia

RESUMO

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una de las tres primeras causas de muerte por cáncer en nuestro país, con una amplia repercusión socioeconómica. Es por ello que la Comisión Directiva de la Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Uruguay (SGU) consideró oportuno tomar medidas tendientes a disminuir su morbimortalidad. Con este fin se creó en el año 2001 una Comisión que tuvo a su cargo la revisión de los consensos internacionales de diagnóstico precoz y seguimiento del CCR para adecuarlos a nuestro medio. Surgen así las "Recomendaciones de la SGU para la detección precoz y seguimiento del CCR". En ellas se propone aplicar un programa de screening y de seguimiento para CCR, clasificando a la población en 4 grupoos de riesgo en base a la edad, los antecedentes personales y familiares de enfermedades con riesgo aumentado para CCR. La técnica a utilizar en el caso de screening variará de acuerdo al grupo, aunque de ser posible se optará por la fibrocolonoscopía como técnica ideal. El seguimiento se aplica a aquellos pacientes con antecedentes personales de pólipos adenomatosos, CCR o enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, siendo la fibrocolonoscopía la técnica de elección. Estas recomendaciones fueron puestas a consideración y arbitraje en asamblea extraordinaria de la SGU.

Assuntos

Neoplasias Colorretais

Assuntos

Malária Vivax , Trombocitopenia

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Because osteopenia is a frequent complication of celiac disease, we evaluated the impact of a long-term gluten-free diet (GFD), initiated during childhood, on bone density. study design: Patients with celiac disease (n = 19; mean age, 14.2 +/- 2.6 years) were studied after 4.3 +/- 0.6 years of GFD. Bone density had been measured at diagnosis and after 1 year of GFD. We also studied 211 healthy children as a control group. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured in serum, and N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) was measured in urine. RESULTS: Although at diagnosis bone mineral content, bone area, and bone mineral density were significantly lower than in control subjects, the 3 measurements were normal after GFD. None of the patients on a GFD showed elevated values of PTH. Patients on a GFD had BALP (110.2 +/- 67.2 U/L) and NTx levels (261.9 +/- 187.8 nmol bone collagen equivalents/mmol creatinine) that were significantly higher than those of control subjects. The levels of BALP and NTx were significantly higher in patients with good compliance with the GFD, compared with patients with poorer compliance. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that bone mineral content, bone area, and bone mineral density improve significantly with a GFD.

Assuntos

Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adolescente , Adulto , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Doença Celíaca/sangue , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Colágeno Tipo I/urina , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição/fisiologia , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Cooperação do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo

RESUMO

We evaluated endogenous cholesterol synthesis and plasma lipid profile longitudinally from birth to 1 year old in infants who were exclusively breast-fed (n = 19) or formula-fed (n = 19) for the first 4 months of life. At 1 and 4 months of age, breast-fed infants had higher plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels than formula-fed infants, whereas plasma mevalonate and lanosterol levels were not different between the two study groups.

Assuntos

Aleitamento Materno , Colesterol/sangue , Alimentos Infantis , Análise de Variância , Apolipoproteínas B/sangue , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Seguimentos , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Itália , Lanosterol/sangue , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Ácido Mevalônico/sangue , Valores de Referência , Análise de Regressão , Distribuição por Sexo

Assuntos

Humanos , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico , Pericardite Constritiva/diagnóstico , Pericardite/diagnóstico , Tamponamento Cardíaco/diagnóstico , Derrame Pericárdico/fisiopatologia , Pericardite Constritiva/fisiopatologia , Pericardite Constritiva/terapia , Pericardite/etiologia , Pericardite/terapia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Tamponamento Cardíaco/terapia

Assuntos

Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/etiologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/terapia

RESUMO

We present a modified protocol for the immunocytochemical identification of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) as an indicator of cell replication in different tissues of the toad, Bufo arenarum Hensel. Animals were sacrificed 60 min after BrdU (5 mg/100 g body weight) was injected into the dorsal lymph sac. The tissues were fixed in Carnoy's fluid and stained by the immunoperoxidase method using an anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody. This protocol can be used safely for the study of cell replication in toads and other Anura amphibia.

Assuntos

Bromodesoxiuridina/análise , Bufo arenarum/metabolismo , Animais , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacocinética , Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/química , Imuno-Histoquímica , Intestino Delgado/química , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Rim/química , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Fase S/fisiologia , Distribuição Tecidual