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OBJECTIVE: To examine the selective influences of changes in walking test capability on physical functional performance (COD speed, COD deficit, linear sprint speed, chair stand test, handgrip strength, and unloaded vertical jump) in community dwelling older women. METHODS: The performances of eighty women ((age, 64.7 ± 3.38 y; body mass, 66.3 ± 11.15 kg; height, 153.5 ± 5.71 cm, BMI, 28.08 ± 4.00 kg/m2) were assessed in the 6-m walk test, timed up and go test, chair stand test, handgrip strength, and unloaded vertical jump. The change of direction velocity (CODv) deficit (m.s-1) was calculated as TUG velocity - 6-m walk velocity. Estimation statistics were adopted, which focus on the effect size of the higher/lower, as opposed to significance testing. The bootstrap with 5000 replicates was used to obtain bias-corrected and accelerated 95% compatibility intervals (CI) of the point estimate of each effect RESULTS: There were large effects between faster older women compared to slower older women in COD velocity (TUG), chair stand test, and CODv deficit. On the other hand, we observed no influence of 6-m walk test performance on vertical jumps or the handgrip strength test. CONCLUSION: Strength and conditioning coaches and professionals involved with older women should consider the COD deficit (i.e., linear velocity minus change of direction velocity), as a complementary measure to provide an initial idea of the adequate pathway for exercise prescription and to track responses in older women.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of 24 weeks of Mat Pilates in breast cancer survivors (BCS) undergoing hormone therapy on lower and upper body muscle strength parameters and flexibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three BCS (≥40 years) with confirmed breast cancer stage 0-III undergoing hormone therapy were included. Participants were randomized into Mat Pilates (three times/week, 60 min session) or control group (relaxation activities every two weeks). The difficulty and number of exercise repetitions were increased over the weeks. Assessments were performed at three times points (baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks). The generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to compare each outcome measure during the analysis of intention to treat (ITT) and "Per protocol analysis" (PPA). RESULTS: The Pilates group presented significantly increased (p < 0.05) isometric flexor-extensor PT, and concentric and eccentric flexor PT and mechanical work (MW) after the intervention. Most of the upper body strength parameters, time to achieve maximal force (TFmax), maximal force (Fmax), and rapid force index (RFI) and right-left upper and lower body flexibility (p < 0.05) also improved. CONCLUSIONS: From our findings, we conclude that 24 and 12-weeks of Mat Pilates induced strength and flexibility gains for lower and upper body, respectively.Implications for rehabilitationMat Pilates can be adapted to the fitness level of breast cancer survivors, with a great variety of exercises that can be performed using a mat only or a few pieces of equipment.Patients can practice at home to gain different health benefits (i.e., increasing strength, flexibility, and functional capacity level), which could positively impact on quality of life.Mat Pilates performed three times per week with systematized increments in exercise level, load, and volume throughout the intervention was effective to improve hip extensor-flexor muscles peak torque and mechanical work at different muscle contractions, as well as upper and lower body flexibility.Mat Pilates was also able to improve right-left shoulder abductor and trunk extensor muscles strength parameters after 12 weeks of intervention, as well as both surgery and non-surgery sides of the upper body.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement and reproducibility of a portable electrical impedance myography device (EIM - SKULPT®) for body fat percentage (BF%) estimation in young adults. Sixty young adults volunteered for the study (women, n=30, 25.0±7.7 years; 21.5±1.9 kg/m2; and men, n=30, 21.6±6.3 years; 22.5±1.8 kg/m2). Participants underwent air displacement plethysmography (ADP) and EIM measurements for agreement analysis. EIM was performed three times on the same day for the within-day reproducibility analysis. Seven days later, 37 participants repeated the EIM measurements for the between-days reproducibility analysis. Comparisons of EIM and ADP methods, and EIM repeated measurements were performed with the paired T-test or one-way ANOVA repeated measures, the Bland-Altman plot, and simple linear regressions. BF% was higher (p<0.05) when estimated by EIM (19.91 ± 5.70 for men, and 30.77 ± 5.89 for women) compared to ADP (15.28 ± 5.66 for men, and 27.31 ± 5.98 for women). The Bland-Altman analysis presented a bias of 4.4% (95%CI=-3.4-12.2) and linear regression presented an R2=0.78. For between-days reproducibility, EIM means did not differ (25.33±7.69 and 24.94±8.30, p=0.890). Thus, while the EIM device exhibited high reproducibility of BF% estimates, caution should be exercised when comparing the results with other techniques for measuring BF%. The EIM device overestimated BF% compared to ADP. However, the EIM measurements presented very good within-day and between-days reproducibility and, thus, the EIM device can be used for longitudinal monitoring of BF%.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a concordância e a reprodutibilidade de um aparelho portátil de miografia por impedância elétrica (EIM - SKULPT®) para estimativa do percentual de gordura corporal (GC%) em adultos jovens. Sessenta adultos jovens foram voluntários para o estudo (mulheres, n=30, 25,0±7,7 anos; 21,5±1,9 kg/m2; e homens, n=30, 21,6±6,3 anos; 22,5±1,8 kg/m2). Os participantes fizeram medições de pletismografia de deslocamento de ar (ADP) e EIM para análise de concordância. A EIM foi realizada três vezes no mesmo dia para a análise de reprodutibilidade dentro do dia. Sete dias depois, 37 participantes repetiram as medições do EIM para a análise de reprodutibilidade entre dias. As comparações dos métodos EIM e ADP e medições repetidas do EIM foram realizadas com o teste T pareado ou medidas repetidas ANOVA de uma via, o gráfico de Bland-Altman e regressões lineares simples. O %GC foi maior (p<0,05) quando estimado pelo EIM (19,91 ± 5,70 para homens e 30,77 ± 5,89 para mulheres) em relação ao ADP (15,28 ± 5,66 para homens e 27,31 ± 5,98 para mulheres). A análise de Bland-Altman apresentou viés de 4,4% (IC95%=-3,4-12,2) e a regressão linear apresentou R2=0,78. Para a reprodutibilidade entre dias, as médias do EIM não diferiram (25,33±7,69 e 24,94±8,30, p=0,890). Assim, enquanto o dispositivo EIM exibiu alta reprodutibilidade das estimativas de %GC, deve-se ter cautela ao comparar os resultados com outras técnicas para medir %GC. O dispositivo EIM superestimou %GC em comparação com ADP. No entanto, as medidas de EIM apresentaram reprodutibilidade intradia e entre dias muito boa e, portanto, o dispositivo de EIM pode ser usado para monitoramento longitudinal de %GC.

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Visando orientar a população dos benefícios da prática de atividade física à saúde, pesquisadores nacionais, em parceria com o Ministério da Saúde, elaboraram o Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (Guia). O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o processo de elaboração das recomendações brasileiras de atividade física para pessoas com deficiência (PCD). O processo de elaboração das recomendações específicas para PCD foi liderado por um grupo de trabalho com nove pesquisadores/profissionais que realizaram reuniões semanais, e que conduziram revisões sistemáti-cas e escutas com PCD, familiares, gestores, profissionais da saúde, professores e pesquisadores. Na revisão sistemática, um total de 83 estudos foram revisados e incluídos. As escutas foram realizadas por meio de formulários eletrônicos enviados por e-mail para profissionais, gestores, professores e pesquisadores que trabalhavam com PCD e de escutas virtuais, as quais foram conduzidas em dois momentos: (a) com PCD, familiares e profissionais; (b) com professores, gestores; e pesquisadores da temática. Baseado nos resultados das revisões sistemáticas e das escutas, as recomendações de atividade física para PCD foram elaboradas considerando o tempo mínimo de atividade física de acordo com faixas etárias, domínios da atividade física e recomendações para redução do comporta-mento sedentário. Portanto, o presente trabalho apresentou as estratégias e as etapas utilizadas para a elaboração do Guia, com recomendações de atividade física para PCD, as quais podem ser aliadas a políticas públicas, ambientes e oportunidades de atividade física, tornando-se estratégia essencial para o engajamento de PCD em atividades físicas

Aiming to guide the population of the physical activity benefits to health, national researchers, in partnership with the Health Ministry, have elaborated the Physical Activity Guide for the Brazilian population. The aim of this study is to present the process of elaborating Brazilian physical activity recommendations for people with disabilities (PWD). The process of elaborating specific recommendations for PWD has included the participation of nine researchers/professionals who held weekly meetings, systematic reviews, and focus groups with PWD, caregivers, healthcare managers, professionals, and researchers. In the systematic review, a total of 83 studies were included and reviewed. The focus groups were performed using an electronic form sent by e-mail to health professionals, managers, and researchers who worked with PWD and virtual focus groups, which were conducted in two moments: (a) with PWD, caregivers, and professionals; (b) with pro-fessors and researchers on the theme. Based on the results of systematic reviews and focus groups, the physical activity recommendations for PWD were developed considering the minimum physical activity time accord-ing to age group, types of physical activity, and recommendations for reducing sedentary behavior. Therefore, the present work presented recommendations for physical activity for PWD, which can be combined with public policies, environments, and opportunities for physical activity, becoming an essential strategy for the engagement of PWD in physical activities

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Abstract Manipulation of resistance training variables has been shown to have a substantial effect on muscular adaptations. A major variable in this process is exercise selection. In addition to the effectiveness of a given exercise to recruit the target muscle groups, safety considerations and individual comfort during execution of a lift should be considered. The correct biomechanics of the chosen exercise will assist in promoting desired muscle adaptations, while proper safety procedures will reduce risk of injury. Lifting comfort will facilitate enjoyment and foster adherence to the program. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to offer guidelines for selection of resistance training exercises based on the Efficiency, Safety, and Comfort Analysis Method (ESCAM).

Resumo A manipulação das variáveis do treinamento resistido demonstraram ter um efeito substancial nas adaptações musculares. Uma variável importante neste processo é a seleção de exercícios. Além da eficácia de um determinado exercício para recrutar os grupos musculares-alvo, as considerações de segurança e conforto individual durante a execução de um levantamento devem ser considerados. A biomecânica correta do exercício escolhido ajudará a promover as adaptações musculares desejadas, enquanto os procedimentos de segurança adequados reduzirão o risco de lesões. O conforto no levantamento facilitará o prazer e promoverá a adesão ao programa. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo é oferecer orientações para a seleção de exercícios no treinamento resistido com base no Método de Análise de Eficiência, Segurança e Conforto (ESCAM).

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Objetivo: Verificar quais métodos de avaliação clínicos de força e potência muscular, e testes de desempenho físico funcionais estão correlacionados com o pico de torque isométrico e dinâmico dos extensores de joelho, e desenvolver equações preditivas que estimem o pico de torque isométrico e dinâmico em pessoas idosas. Métodos: Foram selecionados 49 sujeitos (≥ 60 anos) de ambos os sexos. O pico de torque muscular isométrico (PTISO) e dinâmico concêntrico (PTCON) dos extensores da articulação do joelho do membro preferido foi avaliado através de dinamômetro isocinético no primeiro dia de avaliação. Quarenta e oito horas depois o teste força máxima (1-RM) unilateral do membro preferido foi executado na cadeira extensora, seguido do teste de potência do membro superior com uma medicine ball de 2 kg (ABM-2). No terceiro dia foram avaliados o teste de equilíbrio dinâmico (time up and go), a capacidade de subir e descer escadas (separadamente), com estes três testes foi construído um índice funcional (IFUNC). Resultados: Os principais resultados demonstraram que o IFUNC não prediz melhoria no pico de torque extensor do joelho (p>0,05). Contrapondo a hipótese inicial que alterações no desempenho do pico de torque, tanto isométrico, como dinâmico, teria uma resposta direta com o desempenho funcional. Conclusão: As medidas de força máxima para membro inferior (cadeira extensora-1-RM) e potência de membro superior (arremesso da bola de medicine ball 2-kg) quando associadas explicam com mais de 60% (p<0,05) uma mudança no desempenho na força isométrica e dinâmica dos extensores de joelho de idosos não treinados.

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PURPOSE: To compare the use of three variations of push-ups: traditional (stable surface), performed with hands on the Swiss ball (Swiss ball-hands), and performed with feet on the Swiss ball (Swiss ball-feet) on surface electromyography activity (sEMG) in the agonist and stabilizer muscles. METHODS: Ten trained men (26 ±â€¯5 years, 76.8 ±â€¯8.7 kg, 1.70 ±â€¯0.06 m) performed one experimental protocol within-subjects in a randomized design. Each subject performed one set of 10 of each of the push-up variations (5-min rest between sets). The sEMG activity was assessed for pectoralis major, triceps brachii, anterior deltoids, and rectus abdominis. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA (Bonferroni) compared push-up variations within-muscles (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Pectoralis major sEMG was similar between exercises. Anterior deltoid sEMG activity was greater for stable surface than for Swiss ball-hands (p = 0.001). Triceps brachii sEMG activity was greater during Swiss ball-hands than during stable surface (p = 0.001) and Swiss ball-feet (p = 0.043), and Swiss ball-feet was greater than stable surface (p = 0.001). Rectus abdominis sEMG activity was greater during Swiss ball-hands than during stable surface (p = 0.0001) and Swiss ball-feet (p = 0.036), while Swiss ball-feet was greater than stable surface (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Push-ups performed with hands on the Swiss ball may be considered an advanced variation that should be used when the goal is to achieve greater challenge of the rectus abdominis and triceps brachii. Novice subjects or those with weakness/injury should perform push-ups with hands on a stable surface, and with progression, push-ups with feet on Swiss ball could be adopted before hands on Swiss ball.

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BACKGROUND: The interruption of training (detraining) results in loss of the gains acquired. Partial retention could occur after detraining, and variation in training stimuli may optimize retraining adaptations. AIM: To evaluate the effect of a resistance-retraining program on strength and functional capacity performance after a detraining period. METHODS: Ten elderly men and women (63-68 years) completed 12 weeks of training, 16 weeks of detraining, and 8 weeks of retraining. One-repetition maximum (1-RM) at 45° leg press, maximum isometric knee extension torque, rate of torque development (RTD), 30-s sit-to-stand, timed up and go, and stair ascent and descent tests were assessed. RESULTS: The 1-RM increased after training (p < 0.01) and remained higher after a detraining period when compared to pre-training (p < 0.01). Post-retraining values were not different from post-training period (p > 0.05). For RTD and 30-s sit-to-stand, there was an increase after retraining when compared to pre-training values (p < 0.05). For timed up and go and stair ascent and descent, reductions were observed between pre-training and post-training periods (p < 0.05), only timed up and go increased after the detraining period (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION: After 16 weeks of detraining, the maximum strength did not return to baseline levels, and a retraining with explosive strength exercise sessions can recover maximum strength gains, RTD, and functional capacity at the same level obtained after a detraining period. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of an explosive strength session in retraining period improves RTD and 30-s sit-to-stand performance and can accelerate the recovery of strength after a detraining period.

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We investigated the effect of postmatch cold-water immersion (CWI) on markers of muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual responses within 72 h after a rugby match. Twenty-two professional male rugby players were randomized into CWI (10 °C/10 min; n = 11) or control (CON: 30 min seated; n = 11) groups. Activity profile from Global Positioning Satellite systems and postmatch rating of perceived exertion were measured to determined match load. Biochemical (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6), neuromuscular performance (squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), peak power output (PPO), rate of force development (RFD), stiffness, 10- and 30-m sprint time, and perceptual markers (soreness, perceived recovery) were obtained before and immediately after the match, and then at 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after the match. Magnitude-based inference and Cohen's effect size (ES) were used to analyze change over time and between groups. Thus, the higher/beneficial, similar/trivial, or lower/harmful differences were evaluated as follows: <1%, almost certainly not; 1% to 5%, very unlikely; 5% to 25%, unlikely; 25% to 75%, possible; 75% to 95%, likely; 95% to 99%, very likely; >99%, almost certainly. Changes were unclear for the match loads, sprint times, and perceptual markers between groups. Higher %ΔSJ at 24 h (very likely (ES = 0.75)) and in %ΔPPO_SJ at 48 h (likely (ES = 0.51)) were observed in CWI than in CON. Values in %ΔRDF_CMJ were higher immediately after (likely (ES = 0.83)), 30 min after (very likely (ES = 0.97)), and 24 h after the match (likely (ES = 0.93)) in CWI than in CON. Furthermore, %Δlog TNF-α were lower in the CWI group than in the CON group immediately after (almost certainly (ES = -0.76)), 24 h after (very likely (ES = -1.09)), and 72 h after the match (likely (ES = -0.51)), and in Δstiffness_SJ at 30 min after (likely (ES = -0.67)) and 48 h after the match (very likely (ES = -0.97)). Also, different within-groups effects throughout postmatch were reported. Implementing postmatch CWI-based strategies improved the recovery of markers of inflammation and fatigue in rugby players, despite no change in markers of speed or perceptual recovery.

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The aims of this pilot study were to verify which muscle strength tests better explain bone mineral content (BMC) of the femoral neck and lumbar spine and to develop predictive equations to estimate femoral neck and lumbar spine BMC. Twenty-nine subjects aged 56-76 years old (12 women and 17 men) participated in the study. Femoral neck and lumbar spine BMC was evaluated by Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Muscle strength measurements included maximal isometric voluntary contractions of knee extensors and flexors, vertical jump, 5-repetition maximum of the leg press (5-RMLP) and seated leg curl (5-RMLC), and handgrip strength. Women presented a moderate to strong correlation between femoral neck BMC and 5-RMLP (r = 0.819), 5-RMLC (r = 0.879), knee extensors peak torque (r = 0.699), and handgrip strength (r = 0.663), as well as between lumbar spine BMC and the 5-RMLP test (r = 0.845) and manual grip strength (r = 0.699). For females, the 5-RMLP and 5-RMLC tests most fully explained femoral neck BMC (R2 = 0.859) and the 5-RMLP test and body mass explained lumbar spine density (R2 = 0.757) for females. Men did not present correlations between BMC and strength variables. For females, the 5-RMLP and 5-RMLC variables explained the variations of femoral neck BMC, while 5-RMLP and body mass explained lumbar spine BMC. Future studies should evaluate a larger sample size and prioritize the strength tests with a greater predictive capacity.

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Berzerra, ES, Orssatto, LBR, Moura, BM, Willardson, JM, Simão, R, and Moro, ARP. Mixed session periodization as a new approach for strength, power, functional performance, and body composition enhancement in aging adults. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2795-2806, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mixed session periodization (MSP) vs. traditional periodization (TP) on strength, power, functional performance, and body composition in aging adults. Forty-five healthy aging adults were randomly divided into 3 groups: MSP, TP, and Control. Subjects were tested before the intervention for baseline values (week 4) and then repeated testing during (week 7 and week 11), as well as after the intervention (week 15). Subjects were tested on the following performance measures: 5 repetition maximum (5RM) leg press and seated leg curl; 12RM cable chest press; countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump; up-and-down stairs; timed up and go (TUG); and body composition. All comparisons were analyzed through a mixed-model analysis with repeated measures (group × time) and with Bonferroni post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05). After the intervention, no significant differences were observed between experimental groups; however, the MSP and TP groups demonstrated significantly greater values vs. the Control group in the 5RM leg press (p < 0.01), seated leg curl (p < 0.01), and 12RM cable chest press (p < 0.001). For CMJ performance, the MSP and TP groups significantly increased at week 7 (p < 0.001). The MSP and TP groups significantly improved functional task performance, including TUG (p < 0.001), upstairs (p < 0.01), and downstairs (p < 0.01) after training. Furthermore, body composition for the lower limbs significantly changed for the MSP and TP groups, with increased fat-free mass (p < 0.001) and decreased fat mass (p < 0.01) after training. In conclusion, the MSP and TP models used in this study were equally effective in developing strength, power, and functional performance while increasing fat-free mass and improving body fat percentage in aging adults. However, it should be considered that the MSP protocol did result in greater effect sizes in lower-limb strength, lower-limb fat-free mass, up-and-down stair, and TUG performance.

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The aim of the present study was to compare muscular performance and body composition changes following low-volume resistance-training programs consisting of multi-joint (MJ) exercises (cable chest press and seated row) versus a combination of multi- and single-joint (MJ+SJ) exercises (cable chest press, seated row, biceps curl, and triceps extension). Thirty untrained healthy aging adults were randomly assigned to 3 groups: MJ (n = 11), MJ+SJ (n = 11), and control (n = 8). Twelve-repetition maximums (12-RMs) for the cable chest press and seated row, localized muscular endurance for the elbow flexors handgrip strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the 8-week training program. All comparisons were analyzed via a mixed-model analysis with repeated measures (group × time) and the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). The MJ and MJ+SJ groups increased performance in the 12-RM cable chest press (MJ = 61.5% ± 24.6% and MJ+SJ = 71.1% ± 25.6%), 12-RM seated row (MJ = 46.4% ± 26.3% and MJ+SJ = 51.5% ± 21.0%), localized muscular endurance (MJ = 24.7% ± 16.7% and MJ+SJ = 37.0% ± 11.4%), and handgrip strength (MJ = 9.3% ± 10.4% and MJ+SJ = 16.6% ± 25.3%) after the intervention. Body composition (i.e., trunk and upper limb fat and lean mass) did not change for any groups. No significant differences were observed between the MJ versus the MJ+SJ protocols after the intervention for any variables. In conclusion, for aging adults, either MJ or MJ+SJ low-volume resistance training resulted in similar increases in 12-RM, localized muscular endurance, and handgrip strength, without changes in body composition after 8 weeks of training.

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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of anthropometric equations to estimate the body density (BD) of adults with Down syndrome (DS), and propose new regression equations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one males (30.5 ± 9.4 years) and 17 females (27.3 ± 7.7 years) with DS participated in this study. The reference method for BD was air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Also, the BD was estimated by anthropometric equations. The body fat percentage (BF %) was estimated by the Siri equation. RESULTS: For females, the Durnin and Womersley equation showed no difference from the ADP, but a trend of underestimation was observed. For males, all equations were significantly different for the BF % from ADP. The equations developed in this study showed a high correlation and acceptable agreement with BF % from ADP in both genders. CONCLUSION: All equations are not valid for DS adults. The new equations developed here were accurate in estimating the BF %.

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BACKGROUND: Accuracy is essential to the validity of functional capacity measurements. AIM: To evaluate the error of measurement of functional capacity tests for elders and suggest the use of the technical error of measurement and credibility coefficient. METHODS: Twenty elders (65.8 ± 4.5 years) completed six functional capacity tests that were simultaneously filmed and timed by four evaluators by means of a chronometer. A fifth evaluator timed the tests by analyzing the videos (reference data). RESULTS: The means of most evaluators for most tests were different from the reference (p < 0.05), except for two evaluators for two different tests. There were different technical error of measurement between tests and evaluators. The Bland-Altman test showed difference in the concordance of the results between methods. Short duration tests showed higher technical error of measurement than longer tests. In summary, tests timed by a chronometer underestimate the real results of the functional capacity. DISCUSSION: Difference between evaluators' reaction time and perception to determine the start and the end of the tests would justify the errors of measurement. CONCLUSION: Calculation of the technical error of measurement or the use of the camera can increase data validity.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate electromyography and kinematic parameters of the lower limbs using rebound boots (RB) and barefoot during a gym workout. This information can be helpful to practitioners to schedule rehabilitation and training programs. Ten women (25 ± 9 years) volunteered for the study; inclusion criteria were as follows: subjects must have experienced the use of RB and the analyzed exercises for at least 6 months, and have no previous injuries in the lower limbs. Seven exercises were performed for 30 s with the RB and subsequently barefoot. Data from muscle activation of vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and 2D kinematics were collected. The use of RB triggered postural changes, characterized by greater hip extension (in 4 of the exercises) and knee extension (in 6 of the exercises) for the landing. RB reduced activation mainly in LG (in 6 of the exercise) while no changes were observed for VL (except in exercise 1) and BF. RB change kinematics and muscle activation suggesting changes in the way the legs absorb and transmit force during jumps. LG was the main muscle affected by the use of RB.

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Abstract Several studies have investigated the relationship between heel pronation with plantar pressure during gait. With a degree of variability and influence of the footwear, usually excessive pronation is associated with higher mechanical loads. However, larger loads are commonly associated with pronation. his study aims to compare the plantar pressure distribution among individuals with different pronation angles of the subtalar joint angle during gait with controlled speed. he maximum angle of the subtalar joint was determined by capturing images in the frontal plane and the pressure plant peaks were acquired by EMED pressure platform. he pronated group showed pressure plant peaks significantly higher in the lateral heel area (18%; p=0.031), medial heel (17%, p=0.034), lateral midfoot (30%; p=0.032) and medial midfoot (41%; p=0.018) when compared to the control group. Excessive pronation of the subtalar joint caused changes in plantar pressure distribution, and an increase in pressure plant peaks, especially in the heel and midfoot regions. This demonstrates the need for a specific care of this population, mainly because the increased pressure plant peaks is related to pain in the feet and onset of injuries.

Resumo Diversos estudos investigaram a relação da pronação da articulação subtalar com a pressão plantar na marcha. Com certo grau de variabilidade e influência do calçado, geralmente uma pronação excessiva está associada a cargas mecânicas mais elevadas. Contudo, popularmente se associa qualquer índice de pronação com aumento das cargas. Neste estudo buscamos comparar a distribuição de pressão plantar entre indivíduos com diferentes comportamentos do ângulo de pronação da articulação subtalar durante a marcha com velocidade controlada. O ângulo máximo de pronação da articulação subtalar foi determinado por meio da aquisição de imagens no plano frontal e os picos de pressão plantar foram adquiridos através da plataforma de pressão EMED. O grupo pronado apresentou picos de pressão plantar significativamente mais elevados na região do calcanhar lateral (18%; p=0,031), do calcanhar medial (17%, p=0,034), do mediopé lateral (30%; p=0,032) e do mediopé medial (41%; p=0,018) quando comparado ao grupo controle. A excessiva pronação da articulação subtalar provocou alterações na distribuição de pressão plantar, com aumento nos picos de pressão plantar, principalmente nas regiões do calcanhar e do mediopé. Isto demonstra a necessidade de um cuidado especifico em relação e este público, principalmente pelo aumento dos picos de pressão plantar estar relacionado com dores nos pés e com o surgimento de lesões.

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Obesity is a public health problem that has been growing, especially in developing countries. It is associated with genetic factors as well as with cultural factors, overeating, and leading a sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study was to compare sedentary behaviors and levels of physical activity, based on gender, among high school teenagers studying in the state public school system in the city of Manaus, AM, Brazil. The final sample consisted of 864 adolescents of both genders within the ages of 15 and 19 years old. The information was collected by means of a formulated questionnaire and adapted based on COMPAC2. The results were presented using descriptive statistics and a comparison between groups (male and female) was performed using a chi-squared test. The male student group (M) presented higher levels of participation in the physical activities and presented more time dedicated to these activities than the female group (F) which stated preference for computer use and participation in cultural activities. Moreover, 64.3% of the young men and 35.5% of the young women claimed to dedicate between 30 and 60 minutes or more per day to the practice of physical activity. The most used means of transportation to and from school was on foot (M: 62.3%; F: 57.8%). In regards to sedentary behavior, 60% of those assessed stated that they spend more than 2 hours watching television programs each day and 52% of the young men and 42.8% of the young women stated the use of a computer for more than 2 hours each day. The results reveal that the practice of physical activity and sedentary behavior is gender dependent, since the female students practiced less physical activities and therefore presented more sedentary habits.

A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública que cresce especialmente em países em desenvolvimento, estando associado tanto a fatores genéticos quanto a fatores culturais como o excesso de alimentação associados a elevados níveis de sedentarismo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os comportamentos sedentários e níveis de atividade física, em função do gênero, nos adolescentes do ensino médio na rede pública estadual da cidade de Manaus, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 864 adolescentes de ambos os gêneros com idade entre 15 e 19 anos. As informações foram coletadas por meio de questionário formulado e adaptado com base no COMPAC2. Os resultados foram apresentados utilizando a estatística descritiva e a comparação entre os grupos (masculino e feminino) foi realizada por meio do teste Qui-quadrado. O grupo de alunos do sexo masculino (M) apresentou maior participação nas práticas físicas e mostrou maior tempo de dedicação nessas atividades do que o grupo feminino (F), já que este último declarou preferência ao uso do computador e à participação em atividades culturais. Além disso, 64,3% dos rapazes e 35,5% das moças declararam dedicar entre 30 e 60 minutos ou mais por dia para a prática de atividade física. A forma mais usada de deslocamento até a escola foi a pé (M: 62,3%; F: 57,8%). Em relação aos comportamentos sedentários 60% dos avaliados afirmaram passar mais de 2 horas assistindo programas de televisão e 52% dos rapazes e 42,8% das moças declararam usar o computador por mais de 2 horas diárias. Os resultados revelaram que as estudantes do sexo feminino praticam menos atividades físicas que os estudantes do sexo masculino

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RESUMO

Introdução: O volume em uma sessão de treinamento de força (TF) pode alterar a flexibilidade. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito agudo de uma sessão de TF com diferentes volumes na flexibilidade, imediatamente após o término da sessão e 24 e 48 horas após. Métodos: Sessenta e um voluntários (24,31±0,81anos) do sexo masculino distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: grupo controle (GC), duas série (G2S) e três séries (G3S). Todos os grupos foram avaliados pré e pós-treinamento no teste de sentar e alcançar, Goniometria (ombro, cotovelo, quadril, joelho e coluna) e teste de 10 Repetições Máximas (RM). O treinamento foi composto por nove exercícios que envolviam todas as articulações avaliadas e executado 10 repetições. Resultados: Houve aumento dos níveis de flexibilidade para maioria dos movimentos do ombro; quadril (extensão) e tronco (flexão e extensão) quando comparadas as situações pré e pós-treinamento para todos os grupos submetidos ao treinamento (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Uma sessão de ER com diferentes volumes é capaz de modificar a flexibilidade de articulações triaxiais.

Introduction: The volume in a resistance exercise (RE) session can change flexibility. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of a training session with different volumes flexibility, immediately after the session and 24 and 48 hours after the training session. Methods: Study participants were 61 volunteers (24.31 ± 0,81 year) males randomly assigned to three groups: control group (CG), two series (G2S) and three series (G3S). All groups were assessed before and after training in the sit and reach test, Goniometry (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee and spine) and test 10 Maximum Repetitions (RM). The training was composed of nine exercises that involved all tested joints and was run 10 repetitions of each exercise with moderate intensity. Results: There was an increase of the flexibility levels for most shoulder movements; hip (extension) and trunk (flexion and extension) when comparing before and after training for all undergoing training groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: A RE session with different volumes is able to modify the flexibility of triaxial joints.

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