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Rev. chil. urol ; 77(4): 322-325, 2012. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-783405

RESUMO

El trauma renal se presenta en el 10 por ciento de los pacientes traumatizados y se clasifica en abierto o cerrado de acuerdo a su mecanismo. El trauma renal abierto alcanza en zonas urbanas entre un 15-20 por ciento del total de traumas renales. Es producido principalmente por armas blancas o de fuego; estas últimas son de alta energía y se asocian a /lesiones de otros órganos. Se presenta nuestra experiencia en traumatismo renal abierto en los últimos 18 meses. Se evaluaron un total de 196 pacientes con traumatismo torácico, abdominal y toracoabdominal ingresados entre Julio de 2009 y Diciembre de 2010. Se identificaron 9 pacientes con diagnóstico de trauma renal abierta con confirmación diagnóstica por imágenes o durante el intraoperatorio. Las edades oscilan entre 16 y 30 años con un promedio de 22,7; 8 de 9 son de sexo masculino. El mecanismo de trauma es en un 55,5 por ciento (5/9) por arma de fuego y en un 44,5 por ciento (4/9) por arma blanca. Se clasificó el trauma renal según American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Encontrándose que 2/9 (22 por ciento) corresponden a grado ll, 3/9 (33 por ciento) a grado a grado ll,3/9 (33 por ciento) a grado IV y 1/9 (11 por ciento) a grado V. La baja de hematocrito varió entre 1 y 23 por ciento, con un promedio de 11,3 por ciento. Se decidió manejo conservador en 5/9 pacientes: dentro de esto no se consideran las cirugías efectuadas por lesión de órgano no urológico. Un total de 3 pacientes (33,3 por ciento) requirió nefrectomía. Lesiones toracoabdominales asociadas se observaron en 7 de 9 pacientes, siendo las más frecuentes el Bazo (2), Hígado (2), Estómago (2), Diafragma (2) y Colon (2). No hubo muertes en el grupo de estudio en seguimiento de 6 /meses. A pesar de la baja incidencia de trauma renal abierto, se observa un gran número de pacientes considerando otras series nacionales. La anterior, probablemente debido a las características socioculturales del centro hospitalario...


Renal trauma is present in 10 percent of politraumatized patients. It’s classified into opened or closed renal trauma, according to its mechanism. Opened renal trauma in urban areas reaches 15ta 20 percent of all renal traumas. It’s mainly secondary to gunshot wounds or knifes. Gunshot wounds are classified as hi energy trauma and usually are associated to other organ lesions. We present our experience in opened renal trauma in the last 18 months. Retrospective study where 196 patients with thoracic, abdominal and thoraco-abdominal trauma admitted in the emergency room between July 2009 and December 201 0. Nine patients were identified with opened renal trauma, with diagnostic confirmation y imaging study o during surgery. The ages ranged between 16 and 30 years; with an average of 22, 7 years. Eight out of nine patients were males. The mechanism of injury was in 55.5 percent (5/9) produced by gunshot and 44.5 percent (4/9) by knife. The opened renal traumas were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. We found that 2/9 (22 percent) belonged to grade ll. 3/9 (33 percent) to grade lll. 3/9 (33 percent) to grade IV and 1/9 to grade V (11 percent). The drop in hematocrit ranged between 1percent and 23percent, with an average of 11.3 percent. Five out of nine patients were treated conservatively, excluding surgeries because of neurologic¡ organs. Three patients required nephrectomy. Seven out of nine patients presented association with thoraco-abdominat injuries. The most frequent were spleen (2), liver (2), stomach (2), and diaphragm (2), and colon (2). There was no mortality during a six months follow-up. Despite the low incidence of opened renal trauma, we present a large number of patients according to other national reports, probably due to socio-cultural environment of this hospital...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicações , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Rim/lesões , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ferimentos e Lesões/classificação , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Tempo de Internação
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