RESUMO
Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is difficult to diagnose due to the wide array of signs and symptoms it displays that may be associated to multiple clinical conditions, including perniosis (a rare inflammatory condition), lupus pernio (a manifestation of sarcoidosis), and lupus perniosis (a form of SLE), which can be easily mistaken. Case description: A 29-year-old Colombian mestizo woman with no family history of autoimmune, inflammatory or cutaneous diseases was diagnosed with SLE after ruling out several differential diagnoses. Although the patient presented with features of lupus pernioticus (lupus perniosis), it was established that she had lupus pernio, a type of sarcoidosis. The patient was given the indicated treatment, which led to an improvement in her quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the epidemiology, clinical history and histopathologic findings, it was possible to establish that the patient presented with lupus perniosis and not lupus pernio. In that regard, considering that these three conditions (perniosis, lupus pernio and lupic perniosis) can be easily confused, the present case highlights the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation and precise use of diagnostic terms, because these are three different conditions despite their similar names.
Introducción. El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoin-munitaria difícil de diagnosticar debido a la gran variedad de síntomas y signos que ocasionan las múltiples condiciones clínicas que puede provocar, tales como la perniosis (una condición inflamatoria rara), el lupus pernio (una manifestación de la sarcoidosis) y la perniosis lúpica (una forma de LES), las cuales pueden ser fácilmente confundidas. Presentación del caso. Mujer colombiana de 29 años, mestiza y sin antecedente familiar de enfermedades autoinmunes, inflamatorias o cutáneas, quien luego del descarte de varios diagnósticos diferenciales, fue diagnosticada con LES. Aunque la paciente presentó características de lupus perniótico (perniosis lúpica), se estableció que presentaba lupus pernio, un tipo de sarcoidosis. A la paciente se suministró el tratamiento indicado, con lo cual logró una mejoría en sus condiciones de vida. Conclusión. Considerando la epidemiología, la historia clínica y los hallazgos histopatológicos, se puede establecer que la paciente presentó perniosis lúpica y no lupus pernio. En este sentido, teniendo en cuenta que la perniosis, el lupus pernio y la perniosis lúpica pueden confundirse, el presente caso pone de manifiesto la importancia de hacer una evaluación clínica completa y usar los términos diagnósticos más precisos, pues aunque sean similares en nombre, estas son tres condiciones diferentes.
RESUMO
Los padres y cuidadores son los adultos que apoyan a los niños y niñas para el desarrollo de los aspectos que constituyen la naturaleza humana, les proporcionan los significados y las nociones que concretan la dignidad de la persona en la familia y en los otros escenarios fuera de esta, por tanto, la exposición a la violencia intrafamiliar se constituye un riesgo para el desarrollo integral de los niños y las niñas. Objetivo: identificar tipos y formas de violencia intrafamiliar que sufren las madres y cuidadoras como un factor de riesgo en el desarrollo integral de los niños y niñas de un programa de primera infancia. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario. Participaron 308 mujeres. Resultados: las participantes son víctimas de violencia psicológica, física, económica y sexual por parte de los miembros de sus familias de origen, política y propia. Conclusiones: es evidente el riesgo para el desarrollo integral de los niños y las niñas sobre reproducir los modelos de trato violento, dado que los actos de violencia son repetitivos en la historia familiar.
Parents and caregivers are adults who support children for the development of the aspects that constitute human nature, provide them with meanings and notions that concretize the dignity of the person in the family and in other scenarios outside it, therefore, exposure to domestic violence is a risk to the integral development of children. Objective: to identify types and forms of domestic violence suffered by mothers and caregivers as a risk factor in the integral development of children in an early childhood program. Methodology: a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study by questionnaire. 308 women participated. Results: the participants are victims of psychological, physical, economic, and sexual violence by their family members, of origin, politics, and their own. Conclusions: the risk to the integral development of children of reproducing models of violent treatment is evident, given that acts of violence are repetitive in family history
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Cuidadores/psicologia , Adultos Sobreviventes de Eventos Adversos na Infância/psicologia , Violência de Gênero/psicologiaRESUMO
Acuscercus eudaldoleondiazi n. gen et n. sp. from the Eastern slopes of the Colombian Andes is described, a typical long-winged member of the tribe Cocconotini, distinguished by peculiar morphology of male cerci. On the other hand, the Dominican genus Anacaona is moved from Cocconotini to the tribe Copiphorini (Conocephalinae). The status and tribal boundaries of Cocconotini and Eucocconotini are briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Ortópteros , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Colômbia , MasculinoRESUMO
Introduction: Onychomycosis are fungal nail infections that can be caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophytic molds and yeasts, which are capable of breaking down keratin. Mixed onychomycosis are a controversial subject and they are the outcome of the combination of two dermatophytes, dermatophytes/nondermatophytic molds or dermatophytes/yeast. Objetives: To determine the frequency of total dystrophic onychomycosis caused by more than one etiological agent (mixed onychomycosis) in outpatients from a Dermatologic Center in Guatemala and to establish the characteristics associated with this fungal infection. Methods: Prospective observational study from August to December of 2012. Nail samples were obtained from patients with total dystrophic onychomycosis to identify the causal agents by culture in Sabouraud dextrose and Mycosel® agar. Results: 32 of 130 patients had mixed onychomycosis. 68.5% were associated to tinea pedis. The most common association was between T. rubrum + Candida, T. rubrum + M. canis and T. rubrum + opportunist fungi. Conclusions: Mixed onychomycosis represent 25% of the total dystrophic onychomycosis in Guatemala. We observed an important relationship between diabetes and the main association was T. rubrum with Candida spp.
Introducción: Las onicomicosis son infecciones fúngicas de las uñas que pueden ser causadas por dermatofitos, mohos no dermatofitos y levaduras, que son capaces de degradar la queratina. Las onicomicosis mixtas son un tema polémico y es el resultado de la combinación de dos dermatofitos, dermatofitos / mohos no dermatofitos o dermatofitos / levadura. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de la onicomicosis distrófica total causada por más de un agente etiológico (onicomicosis mixta) en pacientes ambulatorios de un Centro Dermatológico en Guatemala y establecer las características asociadas a esta infección fúngica. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo de agosto a diciembre de 2012. Se obtuvieron muestras de uñas de pacientes con onicomicosis distrófica total para identificar los agentes causales en cultivo de agar dextrosa Sabouraud y Mycosel®. Resultados: 32 de 130 pacientes tenían onicomicosis mixta. 68.5% se asociaron a tinea pedis. La asociación más común fue entre T. rubrum + Candida, T. rubrum + M. canis y T. rubrum + hongos oportunistas. Conclusiones: La onicomicosis mixta representa el 25% de la onicomicosis distrófica total en Guatemala. Observamos una relación importante entre la diabetes y la asociación principal fue T. rubrum con Candida spp.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Onicomicose , Dermatologia , Tinha dos Pés , Candida , Ágar , Arthrodermataceae , Fungos , Guatemala , Infecções , UnhasRESUMO
In the United States today, 16 million children are growing up poor. Few studies report multiple environmental factors associated with poverty during the first year of life and effects on infant development. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate maternal, home, and neighborhood environment of low and higher socioeconomic status (SES) infants from birth to 1 year and to evaluate the impact of SES and environment on infant developmental outcome at 1 year. METHODS: Low (n = 30) and higher SES (n = 30) African-American mothers and their healthy term gestation female infants were prospectively compared for environmental characteristics and infant developmental outcome. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV); Beck Depression Inventory; Perceived Stress Scale; Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition (PSI-4); Social Support Scale; Home Observation Measurement of the Environment (HOME); Household Food Insecurity (HFI); Concentrated Neighborhood Disadvantage (CND). Bayley Scales of Infant Development Third Edition (BSID-III); Preschool Language Scale (PLS-5). RESULTS: Environmental risk was greater for low compared with higher SES: lower WAIS-IV (p < .001); higher PSI-4 total (p = .003); lower HOME total and 3 subscales (p < .002); higher HFI (p = .012); and higher CND (p = .027). Low SES infant outcomes differed from higher SES: lower BSID-III Cognitive Composite (p = .005), PLS-5 Total Language (p ≤ .017), and Auditory Comprehension (p ≤ .008). In regressions, after controlling for SES, effects of environmental factors were not found. CONCLUSION: By age 1, low SES infants had been exposed to greater environmental disadvantage and already exhibited poorer developmental functioning than higher SES infants. These findings suggest that support for families and children from impoverished circumstances cannot begin too early.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Inteligência/fisiologia , Mães/psicologia , Características de Residência , Meio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Populações Vulneráveis , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
Resumen Estudio no experimental de tipo correlacional cuyo objetivo fue analizar la relación entre patrones de personalidad patológica y estrategias de afrontamiento en 117 estudiantes de psicología con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 33 años; a partir del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon y la Escala de Estrategias de Coping. El análisis de resultados a partir del coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 19.0, indicó mayor presencia respecto a la estrategia de afrontamiento solución de problemas y el patrón de personalidad patológico narcisista; en cuanto a la correlación entre estas dos variables es significativamente baja.
Abstract Nonexperimental correlational study aimed to analyze the relationship between pathological personality patterns and coping strategies in 117 psychology students aged between 18 and 33 years from the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and the Coping Strategies Scale. Analysis of results from the Spearman correlation coefficient and SPSS, version 19.0, indicated greater presence regarding coping strategy troubleshooting and narcissist personality patterns, in terms of the correlation between these two variables is significantly low.
Assuntos
Personalidade , Estudantes/psicologia , Inventário Clínico Multiaxial de Millon , Resolução de Problemas , Comportamento/classificação , Estratégias de SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of gestational cocaine exposure on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). STUDY DESIGN: Using an n-back task, we obtained fMRI with a 3T Siemens scanner on 49 adolescents, 25 who were exposed to cocaine and 24 who were not exposed. The primary outcome was PFC activation during task performance. Five functionally derived regions of interest (ROI) were defined; in addition, 2 a priori anatomical ROIs were generated for Brodmann regions 10 and 46. RESULTS: Of the 49 adolescents who underwent imaging, data from 17 who were exposed to cocaine and 17 who were not exposed were in the final analysis. Groups had similar performance on the n-back task (P >/= .4), with both showing a fewer number of correct responses on the 2-back than the 1-back (P < .001), indicating increased demands on working memory with greater task difficulty. In functionally derived ROIs, imaging results showed increased activation for both groups in the 2-back versus the 1-back condition. In anatomical ROIs, both groups showed greater activation in the 2-back versus the 1-back condition, with activation in the non-exposed group proportionally greater for the left prefrontal region (P = .05). CONCLUSION: In this sample of adolescents, participants who were exposed to cocaine and participants who were not exposed were similar in performance on an executive function task and in fMRI activation patterns during task performance.
Assuntos
Cocaína/efeitos adversos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Transtornos da Memória/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Mapeamento Encefálico/métodos , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Masculino , Exposição Materna/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Memória/epidemiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/epidemiologia , Probabilidade , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se hace un análisis del desarrollo de la especialidad en Cuba después del triunfo de la Revolución, y se resalta el nivel científico alcanzado actualmente por el personal de Enfermería. Se expone la atención que reciben los pacientes en el área de urgencias, cuidados intensivos, leves y menos graves y los salones. En el trabajo se señala la labor conjunta del equipo de salud para incorporar al paciente en el mejor estado fisicopsíquico a la sociedad