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Os fascículos nervosos periféricos estão sujeitos a diferentes tipos de injúrias. Várias terapias são propostas pela literatura, entre elas, a laserterapia e a terapia farmacológica. Estudos têm mostrado a influência da laserterapia no metabolismo celular, de maneira a exercer uma ação positiva em níveis moleculares diminuindo o dano nervoso, aliviando a dor e acelerando os processos de reparação tecidual neural. Paralelamente os ribonucleotídeos pirimidínicos são bastante utilizados no tratamento de distúrbios ortopédicos degenerativos com compressão neuronal. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente que possuía um pré-molar inferior incluso associado a um dente supra-numerário, cujo risco de lesão nervosa por meio da cirurgia era muito alto. Nas avaliações de imagem pode se notar uma relação de intimo contato do supranumerário com a cortical basal mandibular e com o canal mandibular. Foi elaborado um planejamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico, de forma a utilizar-se a laserterapia e ribonucleotídeos pirimidínicos para tratar a parestesia, classificada como neuropraxia, devido à longa exposição e ao tracionamento do dente. Este caso clínico ilustra opções de tratamento que os cirurgiões dentistas podem utilizar ao se depararem em situações clínicas inusitadas... (AU)

The peripheral nerve fascicles are subjected to different types of injuries. Several therapies are proposed in the literature, among them, laser therapy and pharmacological therapy. Studies have shown the influence of laser therapy on cellular metabolism, in order to exert a positive action at molecular levels, reducing nerve damage, relieving pain and accelerating neural tissue repair processes. In parallel, the use of pyrimidine ribonucleotides are widely used in the treatment of degenerative orthopedic disorders with neuronal compression. The objective of this study is to report a clinical case of a patient with an inferior pre-molar associated with a supra-dental tooth whose risk of Nerve injury through surgery was very high. In the image evaluations one can notice a relation of intimate contact of the supernumerary with the basal bone of the mandible and with the mandibular canal. Orthodontic-surgical planning was done in order to use laser therapy and pyrimidine ribonucleotides to treat paresthesia, classified as neuropraxia, due to long exposure and tooth traction. This clinical case illustrates treatment options that dentists can use when encountering unusual clinical conditions... (AU)

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The purpose of this study was to address the following question: among patients with acute or chronic temporomandibular disorders (TMD), does low-level laser therapy (LLLT) reduce pain intensity and improve maximal mouth opening? The sample comprised myogenic TMD patients (according Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD). Inclusion criteria were: male/female, no age limit, orofacial pain, tender points, limited jaw movements and chewing difficulties. Patients with other TMD subtypes or associated musculoskeletal/rheumatologic disease, missing incisors teeth, LLLT contra-indication, and previous TMD treatment were excluded. According to disease duration, patients were allocated into two groups, acute (<6 months) and chronic TMD (≥ 6 months). For each patient, 12 LLLT sessions were performed (gallium-aluminum-arsenide; λ = 830 nm, P = 40 mW, CW, ED = 8 J/cm(2)). Pain intensity was recorded using a 10-cm visual analog scale and maximal mouth opening using a digital ruler (both recorded before/after LLLT). The investigators were previously calibrated and blinded to the groups (double-blind study) and level of significance was 5% (p < 0.05). Fifty-eight patients met all criteria, 32 (acute TMD), and 26 (chronic TMD). Both groups had a significant pain intensity reduction and maximal mouth opening improvement after LLLT (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.001). Between the groups, acute TMD patient had a more significant pain intensity reduction (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.002) and a more significant maximal mouth opening improvement (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.011). Low-level laser therapy can be considered as an alternative physical modality or supplementary approach for management of acute and chronic myogenic temporomandibular disorder; however, patients with acute disease are likely to have a better outcome.

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INTRODUCTION: Ankylosis may be defined as the fusion of the articular surfaces with bony or fibrous tissue. The treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of the high incidence of recurrence. PURPOSE: To report 15 cases treated by either gap arthroplasty, or the articular reconstruction technique using costochondral grafts, coronoid process grafts or alloplastic condylar implants; evaluate the results of these surgeries and make a literature review. METHODS: The sample was obtained from the records of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital (HUOC-UPE) of patients submitted to ankylosis treatment by alloplastic or autogenous graft between March 2000 and October 2006. Pre-and post-operative assessment included a thorough history and physical examination to determine the cause of ankylosis, the maximal incisal opening, etiology and type of the ankylosis, recurrence rate and presence of facial nerve paralysis. RESULTS: The mean maximal incisal opening in the preoperative period was 8.71 + 6.97 mm and in the postoperative period it was 28.50 + 8.10 mm, the recurrence rate was 20% (n=3), and always occurred in ankylosis type IV. CONCLUSION: The articular reconstruction with alloplastic or autogenous grafts, or gap arthroplasty for the treatment of ankylosis is shown to be efficient in relation to the post-operative maximal incisal opening, recurrence and articular function.

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UNLABELLED: Ankylosis may be defined as joint surfaces fusion. The treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of the high recurrence rate. AIM: The aim of this study is to report six cases treated by joint reconstruction, evaluate the results of these surgeries and review the literature. METHODS: The sample in this retrospective study was obtained from the records of the university hospital, patients who had to undergo ankylosis treatment by alloplastic or autogenous graft between March 2001 and October 2005. Pre - and post-operative assessment included a throughout history and physical examination to determine the cause of ankylosis, the Maximum mouth opening (MMO), etiology and type of ankylosis, recurrence rate and presence of facial nerve paralysis. RESULTS: The mean MMO in the pre-operative period was 9.6 mm (0 mm to 17 mm) and in the post-operative period it was of 31.33 mm (14 mm to 41 mm), there was no facial nerve paralysis and there was recurrence in just one case. CONCLUSION: The joint reconstruction with alloplastic or autogenous grafts for the ankylosis treatment proved to be efficient in relation to the post-operative MMO, recurrence and joint function.

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A anquilose pode ser definida como sendo a fusão das superfícies articulares e seu tratamento é um verdadeiro desafio devido à alta taxa de recorrência. OBJETIVO: Descrever seis casos clínicos tratados pela técnica da reconstrução articular, avaliar os resultados dessas cirurgias e fazer uma revisão da literatura. METODOLOGIA: A população estudada neste estudo retrospectivo foi obtida dos prontuários do hospital universitário e tinha que ter sido submetida a cirurgia para tratamento de anquilose por reconstrução aloplástica ou autógena entre os períodos de março de 2001 e outubro de 2005. Dados como a máxima abertura de boca (MAB), etiologia, tipo de anquilose e tratamento, e ocorrência de recidiva e lesão do nervo facial foram coletados no pré-operatório, através dos prontuários, e no pós-operatório, através de entrevista. RESULTADOS: A média da MAB no pré-operatório foi de 9,6mm (0 a 17mm) e no pós-operatório foi de 31,33mm (14mm a 41mm), não houve lesão do nervo facial e apenas em um caso houve recidiva da anquilose. CONCLUSÃO: A reconstrução da articulação com material autógeno ou alógeno, para o tratamento da anquilose da ATM se mostrou eficaz em relação à MAB pós-operatória, recidiva e função da articulação.

Ankylosis may be defined as joint surfaces fusion. The treatment of temporomandibular joint ankylosis poses a significant challenge because of the high recurrence rate. AIM: The aim of this study is to report six cases treated by joint reconstruction, evaluate the results of these surgeries and review the literature. METHODS: The sample in this retrospective study was obtained from the records of the university hospital, patients who had to undergo ankylosis treatment by alloplastic or autogenous graft between March 2001 and October 2005. Pre - and post-operative assessment included a throughout history and physical examination to determine the cause of ankylosis, the Maximum mouth opening (MMO), etiology and type of ankylosis, recurrence rate and presence of facial nerve paralysis. RESULTS: The mean MMO in the pre-operative period was 9.6 mm (0 mm to 17 mm) and in the post-operative period it was of 31.33 mm (14 mm to 41 mm), there was no facial nerve paralysis and there was recurrence in just one case. CONCLUSION: The joint reconstruction with alloplastic or autogenous grafts for the ankylosis treatment proved to be efficient in relation to the post-operative MMO, recurrence and joint function.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to report facial nerve injury following surgical procedures for the treatment of temporomandibular pathology, using the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system (HBFNGS) as a means of classifying and measuring the degree and type of injury. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 32 patients who underwent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery. A total of 50 approaches were carried out. Surgical procedures consisted of TMJ reconstruction, gap arthroplasty, eminectomy, bone plates for the treatment of chronic mandibular luxation, and disc plication. Facial nerve function of all patients was evaluated preoperatively and 24 hours after surgery. Patients who presented postoperative facial nerve injury were likewise examined using the HBFNGS at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. RESULTS: Of the 32 patients, 12.5% (ie, 8% of the 50 approaches) showed signs of facial nerve injury after TMJ surgery. The prevalence of postoperative facial nerve injury was significantly greater in the patients who had ankylosis (P = .014) and in those submitted to gap arthroplasty (P = .011). At 24 hours, none of the patients showed total nerve paralysis or severe dysfunction, only a moderately severe dysfunction (50%), or moderate dysfunction (50%). The forehead was the most affected area measured. At 3 months, all patients had recovered their normal facial nerve function. The overall improvement in facial nerve function was 40% for the patients classified initially with moderately severe dysfunction and 60% for those with moderate dysfunction. CONCLUSION: The frequency of facial nerve injury was related to the diagnosis of the temporomandibular pathology and surgical procedures. Facial nerve impairment was shown to be of a temporary nature. Moreover, there is a need to standardize the reporting of facial nerve recovery.

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Introdução: A luxação da articulação temporomandibular (ATM) ocorre quando o côndilo mandibular move-se para fora da cavidade glenóide e permanece travado anteriormente a eminência articular, sendo sua ocorrência repetitiva geralmente associada a hipermobilidade mandibular e a inclinação da eminência articular. Geralmente, é bilateral e suas características clínicas são: incapacidade de fechar a boca, depressão pré-auricular da pele, protusão do mento, salivação, dificuldade de falar, dor em graus variáveis e tensão da musculatura mastigatória. Nos casos de luxação unilateral ocorre um desvio do mento para o lado oposto. Em geral, existem duas modalidades de tratamento cirúrgico para a luxação recidivante da ATM, uma com o objetivo de restringir a abertura bucal (aumento da eminência articular com uso de anteparo) e outra com a finalidade de promover movimentos mandibulares livres (remoção da eminência articular), cada um com suas vantagens e desvantagens. Objetivo: Este trabalho discute a técnica de miniplaca (restrição do movimento do côndilo mandibular). Material e método: Apresentação de caso clínico.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da artrocentese em relação à sintomatologia e movimentação mandibular em uma serie de pacientes com deslocamento anterior de disco e travamento mandibular. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O estudo foi baseado nos dados pré e pós-operatório de pacientes através de exame clínico e radiográfico. A Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) foi usada para quantificar a dor no pré e pós-operatório. Foram avaliados 6 pacientes (12 articulações) tratados no Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz (HUOC) com travamento mandibular (2 casos) e desarranjo interno (4 casos). O período médio de acompanhamento foi de 11,5 meses. RESULTADOS: A média de abertura bucal pré-operatória foi de 31,83mm e no pós-operatório foi de 36,50mm. A média de dor articular segundo a escala visual analógica encontrada foi de 7 e no pós-operatório foi de 4,3. CONCLUSÃO: A artrocentese mostrou-se efetiva na melhora da dor articular e na movimentação mandibular nesta série de casos.

AIM: This study was designed to investigate the effects of arthrocentesis on the improvement of internal derangement symptoms and jaw function in a series of patients with anterior disc displacement and closed lockjaw. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was based on a review of patientsÆ records before and after treatment using clinical examinations and radiographs. Visual analog scales were used to measure pain before and after arthrocentesis. Six patients (12 temporomandibular joints) with closed lock symptoms (2 cases) and internal derangements (4 cases) were treated at the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital. The mean follow-up was 11.5 months. RESULTS: The mean maximum vertical opening before treatment was 31.83 mm and after arthrocentesis was 36.50 mm. The visual analog scale for pain before treatment was 7 points (mean) and after arthrocentesis the mean was 4.3. CONCLUSION: Arthrocentesis was shown to be effective in reducing pain and increasing jaw motion in this series of cases.

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Facial nerve paralysis (FNP) is the most common cranial nerve disorders and it results in a characteristic facial distortion that is determined in part by the nerves branches involved. With multiples etiologies, these included trauma, tumor formation, idiopathic conditions, cerebral infarct, pseudobulbar palsy and viruses. FNP during dental treatment is very rare and can be associated with the injection of local anesthetic, prolonged attempt to remove a mandibular third molar and subsequent infection. We report a case of a 21 years-old black woman who developed a Bell's palsy after an impacted third molar surgery under local anaesthesia, present a FNP classified like a grade IV by the House-Brackmann's grading system. The treatment was based of prescription of a cytidine and uridine complex (NUCLEO CMP tm) one tablet twice per day and a close follow up. Three months later that had beginning the treatment, the patient recovery her normal facial muscle activity.

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O Cisto Odontogênico Calcificante (COC) é uma rara lesão odontogênica. Foi relatado pela primeira vez como uma entidade distinta em 1962, por Gorlin et al. É uma lesão derivada do epitélio odontogênico remanescente da maxila ou mandíbula. O COC possui a mesma ocorrência na maxila e mandíbula, porém a região de canino é a mais afetada, quando comparada com outras regiões, 65 por cento dos casos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso, envolvendo um paciente atendido no serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz/UPE, que apresenta um COC em região anterior de mandíbula, caracterizado com aumento de volume doloroso à palpação, ao exame radiográfico observa-se imagem radiolúcida bem circunscrita, apresentando reabsorção radicular e imagens radiopacas sugestivas de calcificação interna. O tratamento realizado foi a enucleação.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to show that gap arthroplasty improve mouth opening when treating TMJ ankylosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eight patients with TMJ ankylosis were treated by gap arthroplasty. The patients were evaluated by at least twenty-four months (minimum 24 and maximum 48 months). RESULTS: Of the eight patients (eleven joints), five (62.5%) had unilateral involvement and three patients (37.5%) had bilateral involvement. The mean age was 20 years -/+ 9 (range 3 to 30 years). The mean maximal incisal opening (MIO) in the preoperative period was 9.25 -/+ 6.41 mm and in the postoperative period it was 29.88 -/+ 4.16 mm. The complication of temporary facial nerve paresis was encountered in two patients (25%). No recurrence was observed in our series. CONCLUSIONS: Trauma was the major cause of tempomandibular joint ankylosis in our sample. Gap arthroplasty showed good results when treating TMJ ankylosis.

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AIM: This study was designed to investigate the effects of arthrocentesis on the improvement of internal derangement symptoms and jaw function in a series of patients with anterior disc displacement and closed lockjaw. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was based on a review of patients records before and after treatment using clinical examinations and radiographs. Visual analog scales were used to measure pain before and after arthrocentesis. Six patients (12 temporomandibular joints) with closed lock symptoms (2 cases) and internal derangements (4 cases) were treated at the Oswaldo Cruz Hospital. The mean follow-up was 11.5 months. RESULTS: The mean maximum vertical opening before treatment was 31.83 mm and after arthrocentesis was 36.50 mm. The visual analog scale for pain before treatment was 7 points (mean) and after arthrocentesis the mean was 4.3. CONCLUSION: Arthrocentesis was shown to be effective in reducing pain and increasing jaw motion in this series of cases.

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OBJECTIVE: To report six cases submitted to the TMJ condylar disk plication technique. STUDY DESIGN: All patients presented a limitation of mandibular movements, severe pain and failure of previous clinical treatment. A definitive diagnosis of irreducible anterior disk displacement was made by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Clinical evaluation consisted of the following: measurement of maximal mouth opening, movement to the left and right and protusion; presence of deviation during mouth opening; clicking during mouth opening or closing; presence of pain and personal satisfaction following surgery. RESULTS: While all patients had preoperative pain, only one had severe pain; in the others, the pain was less intense at the end of the period of follow-up. Stomatognatic function was improved and has been maintained since the conclusion of this study. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the follow-up of these patients, the proposed technique proved to be effective for disk stabilization, leading to a decrease in pain and an improvement in mandibular movements.

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PURPOSE: Postoperative variables such as pain, swelling, and trismus after surgery of the impacted lower third molars are the main concerns of dental clinicians and surgeons. Many authors claim that the use of a drain could help control these variables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of a tube drain in impacted lower third molar surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three patients of both genders with bilateral impacted lower third molars comprised our comparative study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: in the first the suture procedure was accomplished using a drain, and in the second the suture procedure was accomplished without a drain. The postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus were evaluated at 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 15 days. RESULTS: In the group in which the drain was used, the control of the swelling variable was statistically significant at 24 and 72 hours (P <.001) in comparison with the group in which the drain was not used. However, pain and trismus were not statistically significant at the evaluation period. CONCLUSION: The use of the drain helps to control swelling. However, it had no effect on pain or trismus.

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