RESUMO
Despite being the second most biodiverse country in the world, hosting more than 7000 useful species, Colombia is characterized by widespread poverty and food insecurity. Following the growing attention in Neglected and Underutilized Species, the present study will combine spatial and taxonomic analysis to unveil their diversity and distribution, as well as to advocate their potential as key resources for tackling food security in the country. The cataloguing of Colombian edible plants resulted in 3805 species. Among these, the most species-rich genera included Inga, Passiflora, Miconia, Solanum, Pouteria, Protium, Annona and Bactris. Biogeographic analysis revealed major diversity hotspots in the Andean humid forests by number of records, species, families, and genera. The departments of Antioquia, Boyacá, Meta, and Cundinamarca ranked first both in terms of number of unique georeferenced records and species of edible plants. Significant information gaps about species distribution were detected in the departments of Cesar, Sucre, Atlántico, Vichada, and Guainía, corresponding to the Caribe and Llanos bioregions, indicating the urgent need for focusing investigation in these areas. Furthermore, a significant level of geographic specificity was found in edible plant species' distributions between 13 different bioregions and 33 departments, hinting the adoption of tailorized prioritisation protocols for the conservation and revitalization of such resources at the local level.
Assuntos
Arecaceae , Plantas Comestíveis , Biodiversidade , Colômbia , Florestas , HumanosRESUMO
To further the use of local parasitoids to control the spotted wing drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in Mexico, three treatments were implemented by sextuplicate in commercial berry fields of Colima and Jalisco from June 2017 to May 2018: single release of Trichopria drosophilae Perkins (pupal parasitoid), combined release of T. drosophilae + Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillault (larval parasitoid), and a no release control. Compared with the no release sites, parasitism by T. drosophilae increased 4 and 4.1-fold at the single and combined release sites, respectively, and parasitism of L. boulardi increased 2.8-fold at the sites where it was evaluated. Additionally, it was registered a 50 and 55% reduction of D. suzukii at the sites with single and combined releases, respectively; in other words, supplementing T. drosophilae with L. boulardi provided little benefit compared with the release of T. drosophilae alone. These results indicate that single release of local T. drosophilae is a more cost-effective option to reduce D. suzukii populations, and that such activity can contribute significantly to the phytosanitary management of this invasive pest.
Assuntos
Drosophila/parasitologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Vespas/fisiologia , Animais , México , Pupa/parasitologia , RubusRESUMO
The larvae of Ceraeochrysa cubana and Ceraeochrysa valida, green lacewing species widely spread in Mexico, have been described as natural enemies of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae), vector of the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp. causing Huanglongbing disease. To develop an effective biological control program, the establishment of the genetic structure of the biocontrol agent species is mandatory. Consequently, the goal of this work was to obtain reliable DNA barcoding regions of the two species, and then by sequence analysis of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, evaluate the genetic structure of Mexican lime populations of C. cubana and C. valida from the state of Colima. This research produced the first barcode region of C. cubana and C. valida with morphological and molecular confirmation. The genetic parameters revealed the presence of 15 and 10 haplotypes, and haplotype diversity values of 0.889 and 0.838 for C. cubana and C. valida, respectively. The populations showed high diversity and gene flow, and AMOVA analysis demonstrated no genetic structure in the two populations. Consequently, these single populations of C. cubana and C. valida could be used as unique genetic source for mass production and release in the Mexican lime-producing state of Colima to control D. citri.
Assuntos
Insetos/genética , Animais , Citrus/parasitologia , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Variação Genética , Haplótipos , Larva , México , Mitocôndrias/genética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Feed intake (FI) level affects body heat production in thermo-neutral pigs; exposure of pigs to heat stress (HS) also increases body temperature (BT). However remains unclear whether the FI level affects the heat production of HS pigs. This study analyzed the effect of FI level on BT of 9 HS pigs (46.3⯱â¯2.6â¯kg body weight) implanted with a thermometer set to register the BT at 5-min intervals into the ileum. Pigs were divided in two groups randomly allotted to two FI treatments: high FI (HFI, 1.20â¯kg/d), and low FI (LFI, 0.96â¯kg/d), according to a two-period crossover experimental design. Pigs were fed 3-times a day (0600, 1200, and 2200â¯h), same amount each time (400â¯g or 320â¯g). Ambient temperature (AT) ranged from 29.0 to 35.4⯰C. The BT of both HFI and LFI pigs followed a similar pattern along a 24-h period, but the BT of HFI pigs was higher than that of LFI pigs (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Postprandial afternoon and evening BT was higher than that after the morning meal (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). The postprandial BT increment differed between meal times and AT, but not between FI levels. The BT of HFI and LFI pigs increased up to 0.18 and 0.22⯰C, 0.60 and 0.61⯰C, and 0.24 and 0.35⯰C after the morning, afternoon, and evening meal, respectively, compared with the preprandial BT (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Hence, the dissipation capacity of feeding-related body heat appears to depend on the thermal load of HS pigs before consuming their meals; presumably, the thermal load during 6-h before the morning meal (AT below 32⯰C) was lower than before the evening meal (AT above 32⯰C). In conclusion, FI level affects the postprandial BT of HS pigs and its magnitude is larger after the evening and afternoon meals. These data suggest that HS pigs may reduce the voluntary FI during the afternoon and evening hours.
Assuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Ingestão de Alimentos , Resposta ao Choque Térmico , Sus scrofa/fisiologia , Ração Animal , Animais , Regulação da Temperatura Corporal , Período Pós-Prandial , TemperaturaAssuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hispânico ou Latino , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Cooperação do Paciente , Adulto , Connecticut , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Dieta para Diabéticos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Porto Rico/etnologia , Autoadministração/normasRESUMO
In this study, the acculturative stress experienced by Puerto Rican migrants to the urban U.S. is examined. Acculturative stress is defined as length of residence in a novel cultural environment while lacking psychosocial resources to support adaptation to that environment. In a sample of 67 patients seen in a public health nursing agency, it was found that acculturative stress was associated with poorer health status, more behavioral problems, and higher levels of ethnomedical belief. The implications of these results for research on stress and adaptation are discussed.