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RESUMEN Introducción: La mala salud mental está fuertemente asociada con la violencia interpersonal. El maltrato infantil es un problema cultural y global de salud pública que atenta contra los derechos de los niños. Objetivo: Examinar la asociación entre la experiencia de maltrato y presentación de trastornos mentales en niños y adolescentes. Material y Método: Estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, analítico de corte transversal, dirigido a niños y adolescentes chilenos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1558 participantes entre 4 y 18 años, el instrumento recolector de datos estuvo compuesto por la entrevista diagnóstica estructurada para niños, versión computarizada DISC-IV, un cuestionario de maltrato infantil y datos sociodemográficos. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística con el programa R versión 3. Resultados: En el grupo de los niños, los trastornos ansiosos y disruptivos prevalentes y subumbral se relacionaron con abuso sexual, maltrato psicológico y físico. En el grupo de los adolescentes, los trastornos del ánimo se asociaron con maltrato psicológico y abuso sexual, los trastornos disruptivos prevalentes y subumbrales se asociaron con todos los tipos de maltrato, y el trastorno por consumo de drogas se asoció con abuso sexual. Conclusión: Existe relación significativa entre el maltrato en sus diferentes categorías, especialmente abuso sexual con la expresión de trastornos mentales en niños y adolescentes. Es importante detectar tempranamente los niveles subumbrales para tratar de reparar el problema, educar a la población, procurar comunidades menos violentas y ambientes tranquilos para el crecimiento de niños y adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Poor mental health is strongly associated with interpersonal violence. Child abuse is a cultural and global public health problem that violates children's rights. Objective: To examine the relation between experience of abuse and presence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: Quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional analytical study, aimed at Chilean children and adolescents. The sample consisted of 1558 participants who were between 4 and 18 years old. The data-collection instrument included the Structured Diagnostic Interview for Children, computerized version DISC-IV, a child abuse questionnaire and sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis was performed by logistic regression using the R program version 3. Results: In the group of children, prevalent and sub-threshold anxiety and disruptive disorders were related to sexual abuse, psychological and physical abuse. In the adolescent group, mood disorders were associated with psychological and sexual abuse; prevalent and sub-threshold disorders were associated with all types of abuse, and drug use disorder was associated with sexual abuse. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between abuse in its different categories, especially sexual abuse, and the occurrence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. It is important to detect early sub-threshold levels in order to try to solve the problem, educate the population, and have less violent communities and quiet environments for the growth of children and adolescents.

RESUMO Introdução: A saúde mental precária está fortemente associada à violência interpessoal. O abuso infantil é um problema cultural e global de saúde pública que compromete os direitos da criança. Objetivo: Examinar a associação entre a experiência de abuso e a apresentação de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes. Material e Método: Estudo analítico quantitativo, não experimental, transversal, destinado a crianças e adolescentes chilenos. A amostra foi composta por 1558 participantes, entre 4 e 18 anos, o instrumento de coleta de dados foi composto pela Entrevista Diagnóstica Estruturada para Crianças, versão computadorizada DISC-IV, questionário de abuso infantil e dados sociodemográficos. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio de regressão logística com o programa R versão 3. Resultados: No grupo de crianças, os transtornos ansiosos e disruptivos prevalentes e abaixo do limiar estavam relacionados ao abuso sexual, psicológico e físico. No grupo de adolescentes, os transtornos do humor foram associados a abuso psicológico e abuso sexual, os transtornos disruptivos predominantes e inferiores ao limiar foram associados a todos os tipos de abuso, e o transtorno por uso de drogas foi associado ao abuso sexual. Conclusão: Existe uma relação significativa entre os abusos em suas diferentes categorias, principalmente o abuso sexual com a expressão de transtornos mentais em crianças e adolescentes. É importante detectar precocemente níveis inferiores ao limiar para tentar solucionar o problema, educar a população, para conseguir comunidades menos violentas e ambientes calmos para o crescimento de crianças e adolescentes.

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Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) son patologías de salud mental complejas, caracterizados por una alteración persistente del comer o del comportamiento relacionado con la alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el riesgo de TCA en adolescentes de diferentes tipos de establecimientos educacionales de la ciudad de Concepción, Chile. La muestra fue constituida por estudiantes de 7mo año básico a 4to año de enseñanza media, cuyo rango de edad fue de 13 a 18 años, pertenecientes a establecimientos educacionales municipalizados, particular subvencionados y particular, de la ciudad de Concepción. Para determinar riesgo de TCA, se empleó el instrumento de Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-40), junto a ello se realizaron mediciones de peso y talla para calcular el Índice de Masa Corporal. La muestra final comprendió 1056 estudiantes, de los cuales 37,5% eran hombres y 62,5% eran mujeres. El riesgo de desarrollar un TAC fue de 16,1%, siendo mayor en mujeres (21,8%) en relación con los hombres (6,6%) (p<0.001). Se evidenció mayor riesgo de TCA en mujeres con estado nutricional con sobrepeso (27,7%) y en hombres con estado nutricional de obesidad (14,7%). Al evaluar riesgo de TCA por tipo de establecimientos educacionales, se observan diferencias, pero sin resultados significativos (p 0,2008). Es relevante contar con políticas públicas que permitan abordar y acompañar a los adolescentes en riesgo de desarrollar un TCA(AU)

Eating disorders are complex mental health illnesses, characterized by irregular eating habits or behavior related to food. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of eating disorders in adolescents from different educational establishments in the city of Concepción. The sample was constituted by students of seventh grade of basic education to fourth year of secondary, whose age range was from 13 to 18, belonging to public, subsidized and private educational establishments in the city of Concepción. To determine the risk of eating disorder, the Eating Attitudes (EAT-40) was used, and weight and height were measured to calculate body mass index. The final sample was composed of 1056 students, of which 37,5% were men and 62,5% women. The risk of developing an eating disorder was 16,1%, being higher in women (21,8%) in relation to men (6,6%) (p <0,001). It was demonstrated a higher risk of TCA in overweight women (27, 7%) and men with obesity (14, 7%). In assessing risks of TCA per type of educational establishments there were some differences but without significant results (p 0, 2008). It is essential to have public policies that allow the approach and accompany adolescents at risk of developing a disorder of eating behavior(AU)

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Este estudio compara el rendimiento intelectual de 100 jóvenes varones (12-17años) que han infringido la ley, con el de 100 jóvenes no infractores. Los resultados indican quelos jóvenes infractores de ley presentan una mayor proporción de CIs totales inferiores al promedioen comparación con los jóvenes no infractores. Al descontar el efecto de la escolarización y NSE,las diferencias de CI entre ambos grupos siguen siendo significativas, aunque menos extremas. Losresultados concuerdan con los hallazgos de otros estudios respecto al menor CI en jóvenes infractores de ley, particularmente en el CI verbal. Estos resultados son de importancia en la planificación deestrategias de rehabilitación, reescolarización y reinserción social de estos adolescentes.

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BACKGROUND: Little is known about the risk of progression to hazardous alcohol use in people currently drinking at safe limits. We aimed to develop a prediction model (predictAL) for the development of hazardous drinking in safe drinkers. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of adult general practice attendees in six European countries and Chile followed up over 6 months. We recruited 10,045 attendees between April 2003 to February 2005. 6193 European and 2462 Chilean attendees recorded AUDIT scores below 8 in men and 5 in women at recruitment and were used in modelling risk. 38 risk factors were measured to construct a risk model for the development of hazardous drinking using stepwise logistic regression. The model was corrected for over fitting and tested in an external population. The main outcome was hazardous drinking defined by an AUDIT score ≥8 in men and ≥5 in women. RESULTS: 69.0% of attendees were recruited, of whom 89.5% participated again after six months. The risk factors in the final predictAL model were sex, age, country, baseline AUDIT score, panic syndrome and lifetime alcohol problem. The predictAL model's average c-index across all six European countries was 0.839 (95% CI 0.805, 0.873). The Hedge's g effect size for the difference in log odds of predicted probability between safe drinkers in Europe who subsequently developed hazardous alcohol use and those who did not was 1.38 (95% CI 1.25, 1.51). External validation of the algorithm in Chilean safe drinkers resulted in a c-index of 0.781 (95% CI 0.717, 0.846) and Hedge's g of 0.68 (95% CI 0.57, 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: The predictAL risk model for development of hazardous consumption in safe drinkers compares favourably with risk algorithms for disorders in other medical settings and can be a useful first step in prevention of alcohol misuse.

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