RESUMO
X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary humoral immunodeficiency. It is a recessive X-linked disorder characterized by low or absent circulating mature B cells, hypo/agammaglobulinemia and no humoral response to immunizations due to mutations along chromosome X. It is characterized by severe, recurrent and difficult treatment infections. It is diagnosed in the first 6 months of life in children; the only sign of alarm is the absent or decreased size of tonsils and lymph nodes, but it is not always present. The main cornerstones of treatment are immunoglobulin replacement therapy to maintain serum levels above 500-700 mg/dl and infection control; this allows these patients to do their day-to-day activities. We report a 2 year old boy with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, with no history of interest, who presented with P. aeruginosa sepsis. He had an excellent clinical improvement without further important infections after intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
La agammaglobulinemia ligada al X es una inmunodeficiencia humoral primaria, recesiva y ligada al cromosoma X, en la que existe una disminución marcada de linfocitos B maduros, hipo-/agammaglobulinemia y escasa respuesta humoral a las inmunizaciones, debido a mutaciones en el brazo largo del cromosoma X. Se caracteriza por infecciones graves, recurrentes y difíciles de tratar, que ocurren, generalmente, a partir de los 6 meses. El único signo de alarma, no siempre presente, es la ausencia o disminución del tamaño de las amígdalas y los ganglios linfáticos. El tratamiento de elección es el sustitutivo con inmunoglobulina G intravenosa para mantener niveles séricos por encima de 500-700 mg/dl y el control de las infecciones, lo que permite que estos pacientes hagan sus tareas habituales. Se presenta un niño de 2 años sin antecedentes personales ni familiares relevantes diagnosticado con agammaglobulinemia ligada al X tras una sepsis por P. aeruginosa. Tuvo una evolución clínica adecuada sin nuevos episodios infecciosos importantes tras el inicio del tratamiento sustitutivo con inmunoglobulina G intravenosa mensual.
Assuntos
Agamaglobulinemia/complicações , Doenças Genéticas Ligadas ao Cromossomo X/complicações , Infecções por Pseudomonas/etiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Sepse/etiologia , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In this paper we present an age-structured epidemiological model for Chagas disease. This model includes the interactions between human and vector populations that transmit Chagas disease. METHODS: The human population is divided into age groups since the proportion of infected individuals in this population changes with age as shown by real prevalence data. Moreover, the age-structured model allows more accurate information regarding the prevalence, which can help to design more specific control programs. We apply this proposed model to data from the country of Venezuela for two periods, 1961-1971, and 1961-1991 taking into account real demographic data for these periods. RESULTS: Numerical computer simulations are presented to show the suitability of the age-structured model to explain the real data regarding prevalence of Chagas disease in each of the age groups. In addition, a numerical simulation varying the death rate of the vector is done to illustrate prevention and control strategies against Chagas disease. CONCLUSION: The proposed model can be used to determine the effect of control strategies in different age groups.
RESUMO
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide; the etiology of AGE includes viruses, bacteria, and parasites. A multiplex PCR assay to simultaneously identify human Astrovirus (HAstV), Calicivirus (HuCVs), Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica), and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) in stool samples is described. A total of 103 samples were individually analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and RT-PCR/PCR. HAstV and HuCVs were detected in four out of 103 samples (3.8 %) by RT-PCR, but ELISAs found only one sample as positive for HuCVs (2.5 %). E. histolytica was identified in two out of 19 samples (10.5 %) and EIEC in 13 out of 20 samples (70 %) by PCR, and all PCR products were sequenced to verify their identities. Our multiplex PCR results demonstrate the simultaneous amplification of different pathogens such as HAstV, EIEC, and E. histolytica in the same reaction, though the HuCVs signal was weak in every replicate. Regardless, this multiplex PCR protocol represents a novel tool for the identification of distinct pathogens and may provide support for the diagnosis of AGE in children.
Assuntos
Caliciviridae/isolamento & purificação , Entamoeba histolytica/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Mamastrovirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Criança , Fezes/microbiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Fezes/virologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Gastroenterite/parasitologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities, amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) accumulation and synaptic alterations. Previous studies indicated that hyperforin, a component of the St John's Wort, prevents Aß neurotoxicity and some behavioral impairments in a rat model of AD. In this study we examined the ability of tetrahydrohyperforin (IDN5607), a stable hyperforin derivative, to prevent the cognitive deficit and synaptic impairment in an in vivo model of AD. In double transgenic APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 mice, IDN5706 improves memory and prevents the impairment of synaptic plasticity in a dose-dependent manner, inducing a recovery of long-term potentiation. In agreement with these findings, IDN5706 prevented the decrease in synaptic proteins in hippocampus and cortex. In addition, decreased levels of tau hyperphosphorylation, astrogliosis, and total fibrillar and oligomeric forms of Aß were determined in double transgenic mice treated with IDN5706. In cultured cells, IDN5706 decreased the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein that leads to Aß peptide generation. These findings indicate that IDN5706 ameliorates AD neuropathology and could be considered of therapeutic relevance in AD treatment.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Floroglucinol/análogos & derivados , Presenilina-1/genética , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Transmissão Sináptica/genética , Terpenos/farmacologia , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/antagonistas & inibidores , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Floroglucinol/administração & dosagem , Floroglucinol/farmacologia , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/genética , Transmissão Sináptica/efeitos dos fármacos , Terpenos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
AIM: The plant species reported here are traditionally used in Northern Peru to treat bacterial infections, often addressed by the local healers as "inflammation". The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of their antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and water extracts of 141 plant species was determined using a deep-well broth microdilution method on commercially available bacterial strains. RESULTS: The ethanolic extracts of 51 species inhibited Escherichia coli, and 114 ethanolic extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, only 30 aqueous extracts showed activity against Escherichia coli and 38 extracts against Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC concentrations were mostly very high and ranged from 0.008 to 256 mg/ml, with only 36 species showing inhibitory concentrations of <4 mg/ml. The ethanolic extracts exhibited stronger activity and a much broader spectrum of action than the aqueous extracts. Hypericum laricifolium, Hura crepitans, Caesalpinia paipai, Cassia fistula, Hyptis sidifolia, Salvia sp., Banisteriopsis caapi, Miconia salicifolia and Polygonum hydropiperoides showed the lowest MIC values and would be interesting candidates for future research. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of antibacterial activity could be confirmed in most species used in traditional medicine in Peru which were assayed in this study. However, the MIC for the species employed showed a very large range, and were mostly very high. Nevertheless, traditional knowledge might provide some leads to elucidate potential candidates for future development of new antibiotic agents.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Medicina Tradicional , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Peru , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plantas Medicinais/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Con el objetivo de determinar la relación que existe entre la presencia de Helicobacter pylori en biopsia con las patologías gásticas detectadas por endoscopias, se realizó la presente investigación. Para ello se recopilaron datos de 1468 pacientes que se sometieron a este procedimiento y a quienes se les realizó biopsia gástrica en busca de la bacteria. La recolección de datos se efectuó por consulta de los registros médicos de los pacientes evaluados por los gastroenterólogos que colaboraron con el presente estudio y se obtuvo información acerca: edad, género, diagnóstico y presencia o ausencia de Helicobacter pilory en la biopsia realizada. Del total de 1468 pacientes, se encontró que 536 (36.5%) fueron hombres y 932 (63.5%) mujeres.
Assuntos
Biópsia , Endoscopia , Gastrite , Helicobacter pyloriRESUMO
Toda actividad realizada por el hombre ya sea domestica,agricola,industrial y/o de servicios,produce un enorme volumen de residuos,constituyendose en una preocupacion permanente la forma de disponerlos,sin por ello contaminar el medio ambiente.El articulo informa brevemente sobre el destino de los residuos provenientes de la poda y limpieza de los parques de la ciudad de Madrid (España) y de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Assuntos
Argentina , Espanha , Compostagem , Área UrbanaRESUMO
Toda actividad realizada por el hombre ya sea domestica,agricola,industrial y/o de servicios,produce un enorme volumen de residuos,constituyendose en una preocupacion permanente la forma de disponerlos,sin por ello contaminar el medio ambiente.El articulo informa brevemente sobre el destino de los residuos provenientes de la poda y limpieza de los parques de la ciudad de Madrid (España) y de la ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Assuntos
Argentina , Compostagem , Espanha , Área UrbanaRESUMO
A 22-year-old man came to our institution with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and massive intra-abdominal hemorrhage. His history included an abdominal gunshot, with aortic and multiple intestinal perforations, 9 months before. At the time of the original injury, he was treated elsewhere by primary closure of the aortic laceration and multiple intestinal resections. An aortic pseudoaneurysm was revealed by means of an angiogram of the descending aorta. Conventional surgical procedures were deemed not feasible because of previous abdominal operations, so a balloon-expandable bifurcated endoprosthesis was constructed and inserted into the terminal aorta through the femoral approach, with resolution of the abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysm.
Assuntos
Falso Aneurisma/terapia , Aorta Abdominal/lesões , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/terapia , Prótese Vascular , Cateterismo/instrumentação , Stents , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/terapia , Adulto , Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aortografia , Humanos , Masculino , Desenho de Prótese , Retratamento , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de los primeros sesenta y nueve casos de gonococia aguda tratados con dos diferentes dosis unicas, por via intramuscular, de una nueva ureido-penicilina,el BAY f.1353.Creemos que no enmascara la lues a las dosis administradas. El resultado clinico y bacteriologico fue exitoso en el 100% de los casos, con las diferentes dosis administradas.No se presentaron fenomenos secundarios y la tolerancia local y general fue muy buena
Assuntos
Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Penicilinas , UretriteRESUMO
Se exponen los resultados obtenidos en el tratamiento de los primeros sesenta y nueve casos de gonococia aguda tratados con dos diferentes dosis unicas, por via intramuscular, de una nueva ureido-penicilina,el BAY f.1353.Creemos que no enmascara la lues a las dosis administradas. El resultado clinico y bacteriologico fue exitoso en el 100% de los casos, con las diferentes dosis administradas.No se presentaron fenomenos secundarios y la tolerancia local y general fue muy buena
Assuntos
Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Penicilinas , UretriteRESUMO
Fifty nine sporadic cases and forty five cases from six outbreaks of salmonellosis occurring in Mendoza, Argentina between 1972-76 are reported. All 104 patients were studied epidemiologically searching for the etiologic agent, implicated food and contacts. Stools of patients and contacts were examined. Other clinical specimens and the implicated foods were examined bacteriologically. The Salmonella isolates were classified in eleven serotypes with the following order of frequency: a) Outbreaks: S. typhimurium (50,0%), S. derby (16,7%), S. newport (16,7%), S. bredeney (16,7%), S. enteritidis (16,7%), S. cholerae-suis (16,7%) and S. oranienburg (16,7%). b) Sporadic cases; S. typhimurium (35,9%), S. newport (15,6%), S. anatum (7,8%), S. oranienburg (6,2%), S. derby (4,7%), S. java (3,1%), S. cholerae-suis (3,1%), S. bredeney (1,6%), S. enteritidis (1,6%), S. minnesota (1,6%), S. urbana (1,6%), and Salmonella spp (17,2%). These results are compared with those obtained in the same areas between 1962-71 and with the serotype frequencies from different sources of infection found in Mendoza and other regions.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/epidemiologia , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes SorológicosRESUMO
Fifty nine sporadic cases and forty five cases from six outbreaks of salmonellosis occurring in Mendoza, Argentina between 1972-76 are reported. All 104 patients were studied epidemiologically searching for the etiologic agent, implicated food and contacts. Stools of patients and contacts were examined. Other clinical specimens and the implicated foods were examined bacteriologically. The Salmonella isolates were classified in eleven serotypes with the following order of frequency: a) Outbreaks: S. typhimurium (50,0
), S. derby (16,7
), S. newport (16,7
), S. bredeney (16,7
), S. enteritidis (16,7
), S. cholerae-suis (16,7
) and S. oranienburg (16,7
). b) Sporadic cases; S. typhimurium (35,9
), S. newport (15,6
), S. anatum (7,8
), S. oranienburg (6,2
), S. derby (4,7
), S. java (3,1
), S. cholerae-suis (3,1
), S. bredeney (1,6
), S. enteritidis (1,6
), S. minnesota (1,6
), S. urbana (1,6
), and Salmonella spp (17,2
). These results are compared with those obtained in the same areas between 1962-71 and with the serotype frequencies from different sources of infection found in Mendoza and other regions.