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Resumen Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de los diagnósticos enfermeros en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados con úlceras por presión e identificar los diagnósticos enfermeros reales, potenciales, de salud y síndrome por patrón funcional de salud. Material y métodos Estudio Transversal, descriptivo conformado por una muestra de pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados en diferentes servicios de un Hospital de Acapulco, Guerrero, México. Para su evaluación, se diseñó un instrumento de acuerdo con los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon. Se utilizó la plataforma de mejores prácticas de enfermería E-cuidados® para el análisis. Resultados El presente estudio identificó 36 diagnósticos relevantes, de los cuales 23 (63.9 %) fueron diagnósticos centrados en el problema, 10 (27.8 %) diagnósticos de riesgo y 3 (8.3 %) de promoción a la salud. Los patrones funcionales más afectados son; Actividad-Ejercicio, Nutricional-Metabólico y Valores-Creencias. Conclusiones El presente estudio ayuda a enfatizar la importancia de adoptar estrategias preventivas y de atención integral, así como la mejora de la planificación de la atención para evitar el deterioro de las condiciones en los pacientes adultos mayores.
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of diverse nursing diagnostics in hospitalized older patients with pressure ulcers, identifying the real, potential, and health-related ones, as well as syndrome by health functional pattern. Methods and material This is a transversal and descriptive study with a sample of older patients in different services in a hospital of Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. An assessment instrument was designed following the Functional Patterns of Marjory Gordon. The E-cuidados® best nursing practices platform was used for the analysis. Results 36 relevant diagnostics were identified: 23 (63.9 %) were problem-centered; 10 (27.8 %) were risk related; and 3 (8.3 %) were health promoting. The most affected functional patterns were: Activity-Exercise; Nutrition-Metabolism; and Values-Beliefs. Conclusions This study supports the need to highlight the importance of adopting preventive and integral attention strategies, as well as improving the attention planning process in order to avoid the deterioration of health conditions of older patients.
Resumo Objetivo Determinar a prevalência dos diagnósticos enfermeiros em pacientes idosos hospitalizados com úlceras por pressão e identificar os diagnósticos enfermeiros reais, potenciais, de saúde e síndrome por padrão funcional de saúde. Material e métodos Estudo Transversal, descritivo conformado por uma amostra de pacientes idosos hospitalizados em diferentes serviços de um Hospital de Acapulco, Guerrero, México. Para sua avaliação, desenhou-se um instrumento conforme com os padrões funcionais de Marjory Gordon. Utilizou-se a plataforma de melhores práticas de enfermagem E-cuidados® para a análise. Resultados O presente estudo identificou 36 diagnósticos relevantes, dos quais 23 (63.9 %) foram diagnósticos centrados no problema, 10 (27.8 %) diagnósticos de risco e 3 (8.3 %) de promoção à saúde. Os padrões funcionais mais afetados são; Atividade-Exercício, Nutricional-Metabólico e Valores-Crenças. Conclusões O presente estudo ajuda a enfatizar a importância de adotar estratégias preventivas e de atenção integral, assim como a melhora da planificação da atenção para evitar a deterioração das condições nos pacientes idosos.
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INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation affecting the colon. To objectively and integrally measure disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis and thus optimize pharmacologic treatment, a novel integral disease index was created that includes the clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics necessary for achieving that task. The aim of the present study was to validate the novel integral disease index in patients with ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort study on a total of 222 patients with histologic confirmations of ulcerative colitis diagnosis was conducted. The variables included in the disease index were: number of bowel movements per day; values for hemoglobin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and serum albumin; and endoscopic and histologic findings measured through the subscales of the Mayo and Riley scores, respectively. The data analysis was performed utilizing the STATA SE 11.1 statistics program. RESULTS: The correlation of the novel disease index was very good (r=0.817, p <.001 with the Truelove and Witts criteria and r=0.957, p <.0001 with the Mayo score, respectively). Good internal consistency was found with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78 and an acceptable mean inter-item correlation (r=0.47, p <.05). The total efficacy of the novel index was 87.2% correctly classified patients, with an AUC according to the three scenarios described of 0.93, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The novel integral disease index (Yamamoto-Furusho Index) provides an integral view of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis and is useful for optimizing pharmacologic treatment.
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Colite Ulcerativa/diagnóstico , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos de Coortes , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Colonoscopia , Defecação , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Albumina Sérica/análiseRESUMO
Potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag-related), member 1 (KCNH1) potassium channels are potential tumour markers and cancer therapeutic targets and are up-regulated by oestrogens and human papilloma virus (HPV) oncogenes. However, the role of KCNH1 in normal tissues is poorly understood, and its expression in pregnancy is unknown. We wondered whether KCNH1 channels are expressed in cervical cells from pregnant patients and whether progesterone (P4) regulates KCNH1. The association with HPV was also investigated. KCNH1 protein expression was studied by immunocytochemistry in liquid-based cervical cytologies; 93 samples were obtained from pregnant patients at different trimesters, and 15 samples were obtained from non-pregnant women (controls). The presence of HPV was studied by PCR with direct sequencing and nested multiplex PCR. HeLa cervical cancer cells were transfected with human progesterone receptor-B (PR-B) and treated with P4. KCNH1 mRNA expression in these cultures was studied by real-time PCR. KCNH1 protein was detected in 100% of the pregnancy samples and in 26% of the controls. We found 18 pregnant patients infected with HPV and detected 14 types of HPV. There was no association between the percentage of cells expressing KCNH1 and either the presence or type of HPV. P4 induced KCNH1 mRNA and protein expression in cells transfected with human PR-B. No regulation of KCNH1 by P4 was observed in non-transfected cells. We show for the first time the expression of an ion channel during human pregnancy at different trimesters and KCNH1 regulation by P4 in human cells. These data raise a new research field for KCNH1 channels in human tissues.
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Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/genética , Gravidez/genética , Progesterona/farmacologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Colo do Útero/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo do Útero/patologia , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HeLa , Humanos , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Gravidez/metabolismo , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/genética , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/genética , Esfregaço Vaginal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Los objetivos principales de un tratamiento endodóntico exitoso son la limpieza y conformación adecuadas del conducto radicular y la obturación total del espacio preparado con un material inerte, dimensionalmente estable y biológicamente compatible. Una gran variedad de materiales para rellenar el sistema de conductos han sido utilizados a través de los años. Actualmente, los métodos empleados con mayor frecuencia en la obturación de los conductos radiculares se basan en el uso de conos semisólidos de gutapercha como material base. Sin embargo, este material no sella el conducto por sí solo; por ello, un cemento sellador es necesario para cubrir la dentina y para rellenar las irregularidades y discrepancias entre el material de obturación y las paredes del conducto logrando así el sellado. El cemento sellador debe poseer ciertas características que son determinantes para asegurar el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico. Debido a que el sellador estará en contacto directo con los tejidos periapicales por un tiempo prolongado, su biocompatibilidad es de gran importancia. La toxicidad de un sellador puede retardar la cicatrización de los tejidos periapicales o causar una reacción tisular inflamatoria. Actualmente, existen varios tipos de selladores endodónticos con diferentes composiciones disponibles en el mercado. El propósito de este trabajo de revisión bibliográfica es describir los diferentes tipos de cementos selladores en endodoncia tales como: cementos a base de óxido de zinc-eugenol, a base hidróxido de calcio, a base de resinas, a base de ionómero de vidrio y a base de siliconas, para tenerlo en cuenta a la hora de seleccionar el cemento más adecuado en una determinada situación clínica, La elección de uno u otro dependerá de la adaptación a nuestro objetivo, considerando sus ventajas e inconvenientes.
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Humanos , Endodontia , Materiais Dentários , Materiais Dentários/classificação , Materiais Dentários/química , Materiais Dentários/uso terapêutico , Obturação do Canal Radicular , OdontologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine that acts on antigen presenting cells by the inhibiting both the synthesis of cytokines, co-stimulatory and HLA class II molecules. OBJECTIVE: To study the gene and protein expression of IL-10 in the mucosa from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We studied 40 patients with UC and 18 controls without endoscopic evidence of intestinal inflammation. From rectal biopsies was determined the gene expression of IL- 10 by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The detection of the protein in tissue was performed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: patients with UC in remission had significantly higher expression of il-10 gene in mucosa compared to the group of patients with active UC (p = 0.01) and the control group (p = 0.05). All patients with active UC had pancolitis, while patients in remission from distal inflammation, 16 had extra-intestinal manifestations and 23 had mild to moderate inflammation with less than one relapse within a year. Patients with UC in remission had significantly higher expression of IL-10 gene in mucosa compared with the group of patients with active UC (p = 0.01) or the control group (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of IL-10 gene is increased in colonic mucosa from patients with UC in remission, confirming that it is an immunoregulatory cytokine that promotes remission in patients with UC.
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Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colite Ulcerativa/patologia , Interleucina-10/biossíntese , Interleucina-10/fisiologia , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Adulto , Biópsia , Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Feminino , Gliceraldeído-3-Fosfato Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/patologia , Interleucina-10/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA/biossíntese , RNA/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reto/metabolismo , Reto/patologiaAssuntos
Melanoma Amelanótico/patologia , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Colonoscopia , Humanos , Masculino , Melanoma Amelanótico/diagnóstico por imagem , Melanoma Amelanótico/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Indeterminate Colitis (IC) is diagnosed after colectomy when macroscopic and microscopic features were not sufficient to allow a definite diagnosis of either the classical types of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Epidemiological data from some series have reported that IC is diagnosed in between 9% and 20% of colectomy specimens. AIM: To determine the prevalence of IC in Mexican patients and to describe their clinical features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective database analysis of all patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who underwent colectomy between January of 1990 and December of 2006. Demographic data, clinical, laboratory, and histopathological results were analyzed. RESULTS: We found 80 patients in the database who had undergone total colectomy whose average age was 44.8 years. IC was found in 7 patients (8.7%) from colectomy specimens among Mexican patients with IBD, with a mean age at diagnosis of 33.6 years. Subgroup analysis showed that a younger age at diagnosis and toxic megacolon were factors of statistical significance associated with IC. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of IC was 8.7% in our group. A younger age of onset and toxic megacolon were the most important associated factors in patients with IC.
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Colite/diagnóstico , Colite/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Analiza que el absceso cerebral constituye una entidad relevante entre las causas de mortalidad en países en desarrollo. En el Hospital de Niños Baca Ortiz, del Ecuador se estudia 30 casos de absceso cerebral encontrándose 8 pacientes portadores de cardiopatía congénita para determinar su influencia, comportamiento, factores añadidos y se demuestra la importancia del diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de cardiopatías congénitas, así como la utilización de profilaxis.
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Humanos , Criança , Abscesso Encefálico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Hospitais Pediátricos , Equador , Departamentos HospitalaresRESUMO
Se presenta un estudio sobre aspectos de sexualidad, realizado en 30 mujeres hospitalizadas en Servicios de Ginecología y Obstetricia de la Décima y Undécima Regiones. Destaca la deficiente educación recibida por las entrevistadas, tanto a nivel escolar como familiar, ligando el sexo con lo "pecaminoso", malo, sucio y prohibido. La encuesta revela un alto porcentaje (84%) de insatisfacción y de disfunción sexual, llamando la atención la actitud de pasividad y la falta de conciencia frente a ello, lo que es coherente con valores culturales imperantes los que inciden en una inadecuada "apropiación" de esta dimensión humana. Se señalan algunas posibilidades de intervención preventiva