RESUMO

La dislexia es un trastorno del aprendizaje que afecta la capacidad de los niños para leer, escribir y procesar información de manera adecuada, tradicionalmente se ha creído que en contexto escolar son los psicopedagogos los encargados de lidiar con este trastorno y tratar de mejorarlo. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que las actividades físicas pueden, de forma consciente y organizada, contribuir de modo significativo a tratar esta condición. Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer un sistema de actividades físico-deportivas para contribuir al tratamiento de la dislexia en alumnos de la escuela unidocente "Francisco de Orellana", en Paztaza, Ecuador. Para lograr este propósito, se utilizaron métodos empíricos tales como la observación, la encuesta, la entrevista, además de diferentes pruebas que se aplicaron para determinar la veracidad de la condición disléxica. Después de corroborar las dificultades encontradas en el diagnóstico y de las potencialidades consultadas en los referentes teóricos sobre el tema, se elaboró un sistema de actividades físico-deportivas que se incluyeron en las sesiones de trabajo del profesor de Educación Física y tuvieron el apoyo de los profesores, directivos y padres, así como un satisfactorio nivel de aceptación práctica, lo que influyó significativamente en el mejoramiento de las dificultades en el aprendizaje de estos alumnos y la relación con sus compañeros de clase.

A dislexia é um distúrbio de aprendizagem que afeta a capacidade das crianças de ler, escrever e processar informações de maneira adequada. Tradicionalmente, acredita-se que, no contexto escolar, os psicólogos educacionais são os responsáveis ​​​​por lidar com esse distúrbio e tentar melhorá-lo. Contudo, foi demonstrado que as atividades físicas podem, de forma consciente e organizada, contribuir significativamente para o tratamento desta condição. Por isso o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um sistema de atividades físico-esportivas para contribuir no tratamento da dislexia em alunos da escola monoprofessora "Francisco de Orellana", em Paztaza, Equador. Para atingir este objetivo, foram utilizados métodos empíricos como observação, inquérito, entrevista, bem como diversos testes que foram aplicados para determinar a veracidade da condição disléxica. Após corroborar as dificuldades encontradas no diagnóstico e as potencialidades consultadas nos referenciais teóricos sobre o tema, foi desenvolvido um sistema de atividades físico-esportivas que foram incluídas nas sessões de trabalho do professor de Educação Física e contaram com o apoio dos professores, diretores e pais, bem como um nível satisfatório de aceitação prática, o que influenciou significativamente na melhora das dificuldades de aprendizagem desses alunos e no relacionamento com os colegas.

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects children's ability to read, write and process information appropriately. It has traditionally been believed that in the school context, educational psychologists are in charge of dealing with this disorder and trying to improve it. However, it has been shown that physical activities can, in a conscious and organized way, contribute significantly to treating this condition. That is why the objective of this work was to propose a system of physical-sports activities to contribute to the treatment of dyslexia in students of the "Francisco de Orellana" single-teacher school, in Paztaza, Ecuador. To achieve this purpose, empirical methods such as observation, survey, interview, as well as different tests that were applied to determine the veracity of the dyslexic condition were used. After corroborating the difficulties found in the diagnosis and the potential consulted in the theoretical references on the subject, a system of physical-sports activities was developed that were included in the work sessions of the Physical Education teacher and had the support of the teachers, directors and parents, as well as a satisfactory level of practical acceptance, which significantly influenced the improvement of these students' learning difficulties and their relationships with their classmates.

RESUMO

As temperatures continue to modify due to weather changes, more regions are being exposed to extreme heat and cold. Physiological distress due to low and high temperatures can affect the heart, blood vessels, liver, and especially, the kidneys. Dehydration causes impaired cell function and heat itself triggers cellular stress. The decline in circulating plasma volume by sweat, which stresses the renal and cardiovascular systems, has been related to some molecules that are crucial players in preventing or provoking cellular damage. Hypovolemia and blood redistribution to cutaneous blood vessels reduce perfusion to the kidney triggering the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In this review, we expose a deeper understanding of the modulation of molecules that interact with other proteins in humans to provide significant findings in the context of extreme heat and cold environments and renal damage reversal. We focus on the molecular changes exerted by temperature and dehydration in the renal system as both parameters are heavily implicated by weather change (e.g., vasopressin-induced fructose uptake, fructogenesis, and hypertension). We also discuss the compensatory mechanisms activated under extreme temperatures that can exert further kidney injury. To finalize, we place special emphasis on the renal mechanisms of protection against temperature extremes, focusing on two important protein groups: heat shock proteins and sirtuins.

Assuntos

RESUMO

As a part of innate immunity mechanisms, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway serves as one of the mainstay lines of defense against pathogenic microorganisms and cell dysfunction. Nevertheless, TLR overactivation induces a systemic proinflammatory environment compromising organ function or causing the patient's death. TLRs modulators, specially those focused for TLR4, remain a promising approach for inflammatory diseases treatment, being peptide-based therapy a trendy approach. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) not only plays a pivotal role in the development of several maladies with strong inflammatory components but also HSP60 peptides possess anti-inflammatory properties in TLR4-mediated diseases, such as diabetes, arthritis, and atherosclerosis. The experimental treatment using HSP60 peptides has proven to be protective in preclinical models of the heart by hampering inflammation and modulating the activity of immune cells. Nonetheless, the effect that these peptides may exert directly on cells that express TLR and its role to inhibit overactivation remain elusive. The aim of this study is to evaluate by molecular docking, a 15 amino acid long-HSP60 peptide (Peptide-2) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding site of TLR4/MD2, finding most Peptide-2 resulting conformations posed into the hydrophobic pocket of MD2. This observation is supported by binding energy obtained for the control antagonist Eritoran, close to those of Peptide-2. This last does not undergo drastic structural changes, moving into a delimited space, and maintaining the same orientation during molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the two computational techniques applied, interaction patterns were defined for Peptide-2. With these results, it is plausible to propose a peptidic approach for TLR4 modulation as a new innovative therapy to the treatment of TLR4-related cardiovascular diseases.

RESUMO

The protease catalytic subunit of the nuclear inclusion protein A from tobacco etch virus (TEVp) is widely used to remove tags and fusion proteins from recombinant proteins. Some intrinsic drawbacks to its recombinant production have been studied for many years, such as low solubility, auto-proteolysis, and instability. Some point mutations have been incorporated in the amino acid protease sequence to improve its production. Here, a comprehensive review of each mutation reported so far has been made to incorporate them into a mutant called TEVp7M with a total of seven changes. This mutant with a His7tag at N-terminus was produced with remarkable purification yields (55 mg/L of culture) from the soluble fraction in a single step affinity purification. The stability of His7-TEVp7M was analyzed and compared with the single mutant TEVp S219V, making evident that His7-TEVp7M shows very constant thermal stability against pH variation, whereas TEVp S219V is highly sensitive to this change. The cleavage reaction was optimized by determining the amount of protease that could cleave a 100-fold excess substrate in the shortest possible time at 30 °C. Under these conditions, His7-TEVp7M was able to cleave His-tag in the buffers commonly used for affinity purification. Finally, a structural analysis of the mutations showed that four of them increased the polarity of the residues involved and, consequently, showed increased solubility of TEVp and fewer hydrophobic regions exposed to the solvent. Taken together, the seven changes studied in this work improved stability, solubility, and activity of TEVp producing enough protease to digest large amounts of tags or fusion proteins. KEY POINTS: • Production of excellent yields of a TEVp (TEVp7M) by incorporation of seven changes. • His-tag removal in an excess substrate in the common buffers used for purification. • Incorporated mutations improve polarity, stability, and activity of TEVp7M.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The mid-urethral sling (MUS) is considered the gold standard for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Nevertheless, this procedure is not excluded from postsurgical complications, which can be challenging for most clinicians. Hence, one of the main concerns about this procedure is late postoperative voiding dysfunction (LDS), defined as obstructive symptoms 6 weeks after surgery. Primary medical management regularly includes expectant management and rehabilitation, including the mid-urethral cut sling (MUCS) as an alternative when it fails. This video provides an anatomical illustration and detailed description of the surgical steps of the J-cut of the lateral sling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We set up a step-by-step surgical process and provided some advice for MUCS in a video; this material included how to position the sling, dissect, isolate the synthetic material, release adhesions and make a lateral cut of the MUS. Additionally, a case series of 30 patients from our institution is described to confirm the effectiveness of MUCS to manage delayed voiding dysfunction syndrome. RESULTS: MUCS in LDS was beneficial for our patients. Obstructive symptoms improved clinically from 75% to 100%, and urgency-related symptoms decreased from 57.9% to 26.3%, evidencing 20% SUI post-MUCS surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral cut of the mid-urethral tape should be considered a surgical alternative for the resolution of post-sling late voiding dysfunction syndrome in patients who do not improve with expectant management.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study states the preparation of novel ink with potential use for bone and cartilage tissue restoration. 3Dprint manufacturing allows customizing prostheses and complex morphologies of any traumatism. The quest for bioinks that increase the restoration rate based on printable polymers is a need. This study is focused on main steps, the synthesis of two bioceramic materials as WO3 and Na2Ti6O13, its integration into a biopolymeric-base matrix of Alginate and Gelatin to support the particles in a complete scaffold to trigger the potential nucleation of crystals of calcium phosphates, and its comparative study with independent systems of formulations with bioceramic particles as Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2. FT-IR and SEM studies result in hydroxyapatite's potential nucleation, which can generate bone or cartilage tissue regeneration systems with low or null cytotoxicity. These composites were tested by cell culture techniques to assess their biocompatibility. Moreover, the reinforcement was compared individually by mechanical tests with higher results on synthesized materials Na2Ti6O13 with 35 kPa and WO3 with 63 kPa. Finally, the integration of these composite materials formulated by Alginate/Gelatin and bioceramic has been characterized as functional for further manufacturing with the aid of novel biofabrication techniques such as 3D printing.

RESUMO

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer. The number of cases is increasing and the trend for the next few years is not encouraging. HCC is usually detected in the advanced stages of the disease, and pharmacological therapies are not entirely effective. For this reason, it is necessary to search for new therapeutic options. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the drugs isotretinoin and thalidomide on c-MYC expression and cancer-related proteins in an HCC cellular model. The expression of c-MYC was measured using RT-qPCR and western blot assays. In addition, luciferase activity assays were performed for the c-MYC promoters P1 and P2 using recombinant plasmids. Dose-response-time analyses were performed for isotretinoin or thalidomide in cells transfected with the c-MYC promoters. Finally, a proteome profile analysis of cells exposed to these two drugs was performed and the results were validated by western blot. We demonstrated that in HepG2 cells, isotretinoin and thalidomide reduced c-MYC mRNA expression levels, but this decrease in expression was linked to the regulation of P1 and P1-P2 c-MYC promoter activity in isotretinoin only. Thalidomide did not exert any effect on c-MYC promoters. Also, isotretinoin and thalidomide were capable of inducing and repressing proteins associated with cancer. In conclusion, isotretinoin and thalidomide down-regulate c-MYC mRNA expression and this is partially due to P1 or P2 promoter activity, suggesting that these drugs could be promising options for modulating the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in HCC.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been the gold standard in the biomedical field due to its composition and similarity to human bone. Properties such as shape, size, morphology, and ionic substitution can be tailored through the use of different synthesis techniques and compounds. Regardless of the ability to determine its physicochemical properties, a conclusion for the correlation with the biological response it is yet to be found. Hence, a special focus on the most desirable properties for an appropriate biological response needs to be addressed. This review provides an overview of the fundamental properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and the characterization of physicochemical properties involved in their biological response and role as a drug delivery system. A summary of the main chemical properties and applications of hydroxyapatite, the advantages of using nanoparticles, and the influence of shape, size, functional group, morphology, and crystalline phase in the biological response is presented. A special emphasis was placed on the analysis of chemical and physical interactions of the nanoparticles and the cargo, which was explained through the use of spectroscopic and physical techniques such as FTIR, Raman, XRD, SEM, DLS, and BET. We discuss the properties tailored for hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for a specific biomolecule based on the compilation of studies performed on proteins, peptides, drugs, and genetic material.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 crisis is fuelling a state of fear among the human population at global level. Especially, those living in informal settlements and slums worldwide have been profoundly impacted by this pandemic. Individuals living in these places are already leading underprivileged lives. Thus, the economic and mental health problems caused by the COVID-19 crisis have further exacerbated their living standards, which has resulted, for instance, in tragedies such as suicides. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we have sought to identify those individuals most at risk of displaying high levels of fear of COVID-19 in an informal settlement located in the capital city of Peru. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 449 inhabitants living in the Carmen Alto informal settlement. The questionnaire was made up of two parts: the first one inquired about demographic data and the second part consisted of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. RESULTS: The demographic variables of age, gender, marital status, educational level, occupation, whether a relative from the household was infected with COVID-19, and whether one of them died of this showed significant differences. It could be observed as well that the groups of females, stable workers, unemployed and those having completed a workforce education are at higher odds of displaying high levels of fear of COVID-19. As expected, the groups that had either a relative infected with COVID-19 or a relative death by this had the highest levels of fear towards the virus. CONCLUSION: The female participants are more likely to display higher levels of fear of COVID-19 due to the terrible effect that unfavorable events have on them. In the cases of the unemployed and stable workers, their proneness to show high levels of fear towards the virus is because they have lost their incomes, due to the loss of their jobs, and because of fear of infection, respectively. Hence, we hope that this work serves Peruvian (and other) health authorities to develop strategies that help individuals living in informal settlements and are in urgent need of mitigating mental health problems.

RESUMO

Even though effective drugs for treating hypertension are available, a great percentage of patients have inadequate control of their blood pressure. Unwanted side effects and inappropriate oral drug adherence are important factors that contribute to the global problem of uncontrolled hypertension. Vaccination could provide a revolutionary therapy with long-lasting effects, increasing patient compliance and therefore better control of high blood pressure. Nowadays, current immunization approaches against hypertension target renin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, key elements of the renin-angiotensin system. This article reviews the different vaccination attempts with proteins and peptides against the different molecules of the renin-angiotensin system in the last two decades, safety issues, and other novel prospects biomarkers in hypertension, and summarizes the potential of this immunomodulatory approach in clinical practice.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In this viewpoint we would like to describe our results in terms of resistance pattern in Chilean patients with virological failure (VF) on raltegravir (RAL)-containing-regimens and highlight the need for the concomitant availability of genotypic resistance testing to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) introduction in antiretroviral regimens, particularly in countries in South America. Indeed we found in our study the presence of two or more primary mutations in some of the participants which is associated with cross-resistance to all INSTIs. By using timely genotyping, we could optimally manage these patients, early after detection of VF.

RESUMO

Predatory open access journals and predatory conferences' main purpose is to make profit rather than promoting good science. In Peru, the University Law 30220 asks that professors and lecturers undertake research duties at universities. Hence, nowadays part of this academic staff is required to write scientific articles. However, not all of them are experienced on how to write a scholarly paper. Thus, in the rush to comply with the publication requirements that their individual institutions demand from them, a great number of these professors and lecturers are likely to fall prey of predatory publishing, which already is happening in other developing nations. This publishing method is not only unethical because it produces low-quality articles but also is an egregious mismanagement of the resources that universities allocate to fund research. Moreover, the time and effort that the academic staff put to the production of low-quality papers also completely go to waste. Professors and lecturers who follow these bad practices should be penalized; this also avoids the emergence of fraudulent research authorities. Thus, vice-rectorates for research in Peruvian universities should take corrective or preventive measures to promote the production of high-quality papers by part of their academic staff.

Assuntos

Assuntos

RESUMO

Stimuli-responsive nanogels offer promising perspectives for the development of next generation formulations for biomedical applications. In this work, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels were synthesized varying the concentration of monomer and crosslinking agent. Thus, the inhibitory effect of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels against HIV-1 infection is presented for the first time. In particular, we have demonstrated that one of the synthesized poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) nanogels with initial concentration of 80 mg of vinylcaprolactam and 4% of crosslinking agent shows antiviral behavior against HIV-1 infection since this nanogel inhibits the viral replication in TZM.bl target cells.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 2 aims to end malnutrition in all its forms. To reach this goal one of the several health problems to tackle is childhood obesity. AIM: In this study, spatial data for the prevalence of obesity among Peruvian children under five years of age in 2017 is presented and analyzed in order to observe in which regions this disease is a high risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: By geo-referencing public data provided by the National Institute of Health from Peru and using a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool, it was possible to generate maps of prevalences and also of clusters and outliers at a regional and district level, respectively. RESULTS: Observing at the map of prevalences, it could be identified that in the natural region of the coast there are the highest prevalences of obesity among children under five. A second map showing the hot spots and the outliers is also presented. This second map is very revealing because it shows the districts which are classified as outliers and thus in danger of becoming hot spots for childhood obesity in the future if no action is taken. CONCLUSION: In view of the spatial distribution of hot spots and outliers of obesity among children under five years of age, it is recommended that health governmental and non-governmental entities from Peru allocate their resources where is urgently needed in order to attempt to reduce childhood obesity, and helping in reaching as well SDG 2.

RESUMO

RESUMEN La implementación del proceso de paz con las FARC-EP por parte del gobierno tiene múltiples amenazas, entre ellas la existencia de un grupo armado ilegal denominado el "Clan del Golfo", el cual se originó después de la desmovilización de las Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia. Desde el fenómeno de la convergencia se caracterizará y analizará al "Clan" comprendiendo cómo su accionar político, social, económico y militar afecta de forma negativa la ejecución de algunos de los puntos suscritos en el acuerdo de paz, transformándose en una amenaza a los acuerdos y a la seguridad nacional del Estado colombiano.

ABSTRACT The implementation of the peace process with the FARC-EP by the government has multiple threats, among them the existence of an illegal armed group called the "Gulf Clan", which originated after the demobilization of the United Self-Defense Groups of Colombia. From the phenomenon of convergence, the "Clan" will be characterized and analyzed, understanding how its political, social, economic and military actions negatively affect the execution of some of the points signed in the peace agreement, transforming it into a threat to agreements and to the national security of the Colombian State.

RESUMO A implementação do processo de paz com as FARC-EP pelo governo tem múltiplas ameaças, entre elas a existência de um grupo armado ilegal chamado "Clã do Golfo", que se originou após a desmobilização dos Grupos de Autodefesa da Colômbia . A partir do fenômeno da convergência, o "Clã" será caracterizado e analisado, entendendo como suas ações políticas, sociais, econômicas e militares afetam negativamente a execução de alguns dos pontos assinados no acordo de paz, transformando-o em uma ameaça aos acordos. e à segurança nacional do Estado colombiano.

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease where retinal blood vessels do not develop normally and may cause visual damage and blindness. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and severity of ROP in preterm newborns. METHOD: A descriptive, comparative study was carried out within the 2009-2013 period. Patients' general characteristics were recorded, including gestational age and postmenstrual age at the moment of ophthalmologic examination, as well as ROP severity and type of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 326 preterm newborns were included: 47.8 % (n = 156) had ROP; in 21.1 % it was severe (stage ≥ 3). Median gestational age was 28 weeks in preterm newborns with ROP, median birth weight was 1000 g, and median postmenstrual age at ophthalmological examination was 36 weeks. Of the infants with ROP, 71.1 % received treatment: 63.4 % of those who had mild ROP and 100 % of those with severe ROP. CONCLUSIONS: ROP frequency was high, higher than that reported in developed countries and similar to that in developing countries. The frequency of severe ROP was also higher. It is necessary for effective programs for the detection and opportune treatment of ROP to be established.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La retinopatía del prematuro (ROP) es una enfermedad en la que los vasos sanguíneos de la retina no se desarrollan normalmente, lo que puede ocasionar daño visual y ceguera. OBJETIVO: Identificar la frecuencia y gravedad de la ROP en recién nacidos prematuros. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo comparativo realizado en el periodo 2009-2013. Se registraron características generales de los pacientes, edad posnatal y edad posconcepcional al momento de la exploración oftalmológica, así como gravedad y tratamiento de la ROP. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 326 recién nacidos prematuros: 47.8 % (n = 156) tuvo ROP, en 21.1 % fue grave (estadio ≥ 3). La mediana de la edad gestacional fue de 28 semanas en los recién nacidos prematuros con ROP, el peso al nacer fue de 1000 g y la edad posconcepcional a la exploración oftalmológica fue de 36 semanas. De los niños con ROP, 71.1 % recibió tratamiento, 63.4 % de aquellos que tuvieron ROP leve y 100 % de aquellos con ROP grave. CONCLUSIONES: La frecuencia de ROP fue alta, mayor a la reportada en los países desarrollados y similar a la de otros países en desarrollo. La frecuencia de ROP grave también fue mayor. Es necesario establecer programas efectivos de detección y tratamiento oportuno de ROP.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Casiopeinas are a group of copper-based antineoplastic molecules designed as a less toxic and more therapeutic alternative to cisplatin or Doxorubicin; however, there is scarce evidence about their toxic effects on the whole heart and cardiomyocytes. Given this, rat hearts were perfused with Casiopeinas or Doxorubicin and the effects on mechanical performance, energetics, and mitochondrial function were measured. As well, the effects of Casiopeinas-triggered cell death were explored in isolated cardiomyocytes. Casiopeinas III-Ea, II-gly, and III-ia induced a progressive and sustained inhibition of heart contractile function that was dose- and time-dependent with an IC50 of 1.3 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.5, and 10 ± 0.7 µM, correspondingly. Myocardial oxygen consumption was not modified at their respective IC50, although ATP levels were significantly reduced, indicating energy impairment. Isolated mitochondria from Casiopeinas-treated hearts showed a significant loss of membrane potential and reduction of mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity. Interestingly, Cyclosporine A inhibited Casiopeinas-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ release, which suggests the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In addition, Casiopeinas reduced the viability of cardiomyocytes and stimulated the activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9, demonstrating a cell death mitochondrial-dependent mechanism. Finally, the early perfusion of Cyclosporine A in isolated hearts decreased Casiopeinas-induced dysfunction with reduction of their toxic effect. Our results suggest that heart cardiotoxicity of Casiopeinas is similar to that of Doxorubicin, involving heart mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of membrane potential, changes in energetic metabolites, and apoptosis triggered by mitochondrial permeability.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading causes of cancer death among men and women. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of oligopolyposis (≥20 synchronous colorectal adenomas) and its associated clinicopathological characteristics in Hispanics with incident CRC. METHODS: Pathology reports from individuals diagnosed with CRC (2007 to 2011) were obtained from the PR Central Cancer Registry. Colorectal polyp burden was calculated using pathology reports and the data was normalized to colon segment size. Comparisons of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics by synchronous oligopolyposis status (<20 vs. <= *20) were performed using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI). All analyses were performed using Stata (v.12.0). RESULTS: Analyses of 1,573 colectomy specimens was performed. Oligopolyposis was observed in 9.47% (149 of 1,573) of the subjects with incident CRC. Increasing age (aPOR50-64 = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.59-5.02; aPOR65-74 = 1.83, 95% CI: 0.64-5.27; aPOR≥75 = 2.67, 95% CI: 0.93-7.64) and proximal CRC tumor location (POR = 2.91, 95% CI:1.98-4.30) were significantly associated with having oligopolyposis at CRC diagnosis. However, subjects diagnosed with CRC at a regional stage (aPORRegional = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32-0.79) or distant stage (aPORDistant = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29-0.69) were less likely to have synchronous oligopolyposis (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that genetic syndromes associated with colorectal polyposis may be implicated in a higher than expected number of CRC cases. Individuals with CRC and synchronous oligopolyposis should receive genetic counseling.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Surface modification in nanostructured mesoporous silica particles (MSNs) can significantly increase the uptake in myocardial cells. Herein, MSNs particles were synthesized and chemically functionalized to further assess their biocompatibility in rat myocardial cell line H9c2. The surface modification resulted in particles with an enhanced cellular internallization (3-fold increase) with respect to pristine particles. Apoptosis events were not evident at all, while necrosis incidence was significant only at a higher doses (>500µg/mL). In particular, the percentage of necrotic cells decrease in a statistically significant manner for the functionalized particles at lower doses than 100µg/mL. This study concludes that the proposed surface functionalization of MSNs particles does not compromise their viability on H9c2 cells, and therefore they could potentially be used for biomedical purposes. Fourier-transform infrared, Raman, TGA/DSC, N2 adsorption-desorption, and TEM techniques were used to characterize the as-prepared materials. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analyses were carried out to measure the histograms of cell complexity and the half maximal inhibitory concentration, respectively. Reactive oxygen species generation was accessed using assays with MitoSOX and Amplex Red fluoroprobes.

Assuntos