RESUMO
In this work, the phase-resolved photoacoustic method was applied to provide specific information on the chemical assignments of paracetamol in the near-infrared region. Two broad bands, centered at 1370 and 1130 nm, were well-resolved using this method, making it possible to assign the peaks centered at 1398, 1355 and 1295 nm to a C-H combination from a CH3 structure and the peak at 1305 nm to a C-H combination from the aromatic ring. This information represents a new finding in chemical studies regarding this medicament.
Assuntos
Acetaminofen/química , Técnicas Fotoacústicas/métodos , Absorção , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao InfravermelhoRESUMO
Green, black and white teas are all produced from leaves and shoots of Camellia sinensis, the only difference is how they are processed. The aim of this study was to compare the total phenols and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity of green, black and white tea bags of different brands. The morphodiagnosis of leaves was used to identification of plant material. HPLC-DAD fingerprinting coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze similarities of the tea samples. The results showed considerable variability between tea brands in both total phenols (30.55 to 60.85 mg of pyrogallol/g) and flavonoids (6.35 to 8.92 mg of quercetin/g). Green and white teas demonstrated the highest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities.
Os chás verde, preto e branco são produzidos de folhas e brotos de Camellia sinensis, diferenciando-se pelo processamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o conteúdo de fenóis totais, flavonoides e capacidade antioxidante dos chás verde, preto e branco de diferentes marcas na forma de sachês. A análise morfo-anatômica das folhas foi realizada para a identificação do material vegetal. Os perfis químicos (fingerprints) obtidos por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE - DAD) foram analisados por ferramentas quimiométricas de análise exploratória (PCA) para análise comparativa entre as amostras. Os resultados evidenciaram considerável variação entre as marcas de chás, tanto para fenóis totais (30,55 a 60,85 mg de pirogalol/g), quanto para flavonoides (6,35 a 8,92 mg de quercetina/g). As amostras de chá verde e de chá branco apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante contra os radicais ABTS e DPPH.
Assuntos
Camellia sinensis/classificação , Compostos Fenólicos/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Fenóis/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologiaRESUMO
Neste trabalho, avaliou-se a utilização da quitosana como matriz hidrofílica no desenvolvimento de comprimidos de liberação prolongada de captopril. Os comprimidos foram obtidos por compressão direta utilizando-a em diferentes proporções (10, 15, 20 e 25%). As formulações contendo quitosana foram comparadas com uma formulação de liberação imediata contendo croscarmelose. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de peso médio, friabilidade, dureza, uniformidade de conteúdo e doseamento indicaram que todos os comprimidos apresentavam características de qualidade condizentes com os limites especificados na Farmacopeia Brasileira. Os ensaios de dissolução evidenciaram um aumento do tempo de liberação do captopril com o aumento da proporção de quitosana na matriz, indicando que essas formulações apresentaram perfis de liberação prolongada do fármaco, especialmente a formulação contendo 25% de quitosana. Os valores dos coeficientes de correlação indicaram que os modelos cinéticos que melhor se ajustam ao perfil de dissolução das formulações avaliadas foram o modelo proposto por Higuchi (pH 1,2) e o de primeira ordem (pH 6,8).
In this study, chitosan was used as a hydrophilic matrix in the development of prolonged-release tablets of captopril. The tablets were obtained by direct compression, with the chitosan in various proportions (10, 15, 20 and 25%). The formulations were compared with an immediate-release formulation containing croscarmellose. In assessments of weight variation, friability, hardness, content uniformity and drug assay, all the tablets complied with the standards of quality set by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. Dissolution tests showed that the release time of captopril increased with the content of chitosan in the matrix, indicating that these formulations showed prolonged-release profiles of the drug, especially the one containing 25% chitosan. The kinetic models that fitted the dissolution profiles of the formulations best (with the highest correlation coefficients) were the Higuchi (at pH 1.2) and first-order (at pH 6.8) models.
Assuntos
Humanos , Quitosana , Captopril/química , Preparações de Ação Retardada , ComprimidosRESUMO
Sarcocystis cruzi and Neospora caninum infections in cattle are common throughout the world, and cause important economical losses. N. caninum can be transmitted horizontally by ingestion of oocysts or vertically from the infected dam to the fetus via the placenta. Vertical transmission for S. cruzi is infrequent and horizontal transmission is considered the most important route of infection. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of horizontal and vertical transmission for S. cruzi and N. caninum in a dairy cattle herd and to analyze IFAT titers as predictors of vertical transmission. Serum samples (n = 173) were collected from dairy calves at birth prior to colostrum ingestion and from their dams. In addition, 12 calves were also sampled after ingestion of colostrum, 25 female calves were sampled at 7 months, and 81 of the dams were also sampled at breeding. Sera were evaluated for S. cruzi and N. caninum antibodies by IFAT starting at 1:25 dilution. For S. cruzi, vertical transmission frequency was 1.7%, and all female calves evaluated at 7 months and cows were seropositive. Seroprevalence for N. caninum was 80.9% in cows and 30% in precolostrum calves. Vertical transmission frequency was 37.1%. Cows with high antibody titers (> or = 400) showed higher vertical transmission frequency (94.8%) than cows with low antibody titers (between 25 and 200) (14.8%). Negative precolostrum calves (7/12) had postcolostrum N. caninum titers 2-8 times higher than their dams. Estimated horizontal transmission frequency was 51 and 47%, based on differences of seroprevalences in calves and dams, and on the seroconversion of 9/19 negative precolostrum female calves when retested at 7 months, respectively. Average N. caninum titers of cows at breeding and calving were 120.6 and 320.9, respectively. Cows with a high titer at breeding had a high titer at calving. Therefore, N. caninum IFAT titers at breeding and calving could potentially be used as predictors of vertical transmission.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/veterinária , Neospora , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/veterinária , Sarcocystis , Sarcocistose/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Bovinos , Coccidiose/transmissão , Feminino , Gravidez , Sarcocistose/transmissão , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Existe una creciente tendencia hacia el uso de anestesia regional en cesáreas electivas. Dicho tipo de anestesia, permite que la madre esté despierta, disminuye el riesgo de aspiración materna, y evita la depresión neonatal por las drogas anestésicas. Por otro lado, se ha registrado un índice mayor de acidemia neonatal en los niños nacidos po4 cesárea con anestesia regional
Assuntos
Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia Geral , CesáreaRESUMO
Existe una creciente tendencia hacia el uso de anestesia regional en cesáreas electivas. Dicho tipo de anestesia, permite que la madre esté despierta, disminuye el riesgo de aspiración materna, y evita la depresión neonatal por las drogas anestésicas. Por otro lado, se ha registrado un índice mayor de acidemia neonatal en los niños nacidos po4 cesárea con anestesia regional(AU)