RESUMO
Introducción. Entre las mujeres, el cáncer de mama es el más frecuente en el mundo. Representa una enfermedad heterogénea, debido a que un mismo tipo histopatológico puede tener comportamiento biológico distinto según su clasificación molecular, aportando valor pronóstico y como predictor de la respuesta a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la distribución de los subtipos intrínsecos de cáncer de mama, y su asociación con factores pronósticos, así como las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes de la Clínica Medellín, entre 2016 y 2019. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de una base de datos institucional, en el periodo 2016 a 2019. Se analizaron los datos demográficos y clínicos de los registros médicos utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados. Se incluyeron en el estudio 468 historias clínicas, la mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 61 años, y 27 % (n=131) eran menores de 50 años. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el ductal con un 89,1 % (n=417), y el grado histológico 2 fue el de mayor frecuencia con el 44 % (n=206) de los casos. El subtipo intrínseco más frecuente fue el luminal A con un 32,7 % (n=153), seguido por el luminal B HER2- con 30,1 % (n=141), luminal B HER2+ con 17,3 % (n=81), triple negativo con un 13 % (n=61) y, por último, el HER2 enriquecido con 6,8 % (n=32). Conclusión. La distribución de los subtipos intrínsecos del cáncer de mama en la población estudiada mostró que el subtipo luminal A fue el más frecuente, mientras que los subtipos triple negativo y HER2 enriquecido fueron los menos frecuentes
Introduction. Among women, breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world. It represents a heterogeneous disease, because the same histopathological type can have different biological behavior according to its molecular classification, providing prognostic value and as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer, and their association with prognostic factors, as well as the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients at the Clínica Medellín, between 2016 and 2019. Methodology. Descriptive, retrospective study of an institutional database, in the period 2016 to 2019. Demographic and clinical data from medical records were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. A total of 468 medical records were included in the study, the median age at diagnosis was 61 years, and 27% (n=131) were under 50 years of age. The most frequent histological type was ductal with 89.1% (n=417), and histological grade 2 was the most frequent with 44% (n=206) of the cases. The most frequent intrinsic subtype was luminal A with 32.7% (n=153), followed by luminal B HER2- with 30.1% (n=141), luminal B HER2+ with 17.3% (n=81), triple negative with 13% (n=61) and, finally, HER2 enriched with 6.8% (n=32). Conclusion. The distribution of the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer in the study population showed that the luminal A subtype was the most frequent, while the triple negative and HER2-enriched subtypes were the least frequent
Assuntos
Humanos , Mama , Neoplasias da Mama , Imuno-Histoquímica , NeoplasiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This nested case-control study can be viewed as an efficient way to sample subjects from a large cohort study case-control study aimed to analyze the effect of different clinical factors on the appearance of vertical root fractures in endodontically-treated teeth (ETT) over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: By matching 90 cases and 270 controls nested in a cohort of 450 patients. Incident "cases" included those ETT in which a confirmed VRF. The "controls" were ETT with clinical and radiographic evidence of normality. When an "incident case" was detected, three random "controls" according to the evaluation time registered in years were selected. Time interval corresponded to the exposure time from the end of the endodontic treatment until the tooth was included in the study. Demographic and clinical parameters included: age, gender, type, and location of the tooth, type of endodontic treatment, number of appointments necessary to complete the endodontic treatment, use of intra-canal medication, the apical extension of the filling, type of coronal restoration, the role of the tooth in the rehabilitation treatment, presence of intra-radicular posts, and presence of an adjacent implant, were analyzed over time. Statistical analysis: univariate descriptive analysis, Pearson's χ2 test, and a logistic regression model adjusted for the most significant variables with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The prevalence of vertical root fractures was 16.42%. The multivariate analysis confirmed that re-treatment (OR:12.19; OR:4.28;P<0.05) lasting five to ten years and intra-canal medication (OR:6.16;P=0.004) for more than eleven years significantly more associated with the risk of vertical root fracture. For teeth with intra-canal post or direct coronal restorations, the risk of vertical root fracture was three times lower. CONCLUSIONS: Endodontic re-treatment and the use of intracanal medication such as calcium hydroxide should be considered primary and secondary risk factors, respectively, according to the appearance of VRF over time. Key words:Apical surgery, endodontic re-treatment, endodontically-treated teeth, risk factors, vertical root fracture.
RESUMO
The seasonal dynamics of foliage arthropod populations are poorly studied in tropical dry forests despite the importance of these studies for understanding arthropod population responses to environmental change. We monitored the abundance, temporal distributions, and body size of arthropods in five naturalized alien and one native tree species to characterize arthropod seasonality in dry novel Prosopis-Leucaena woodlands in Puerto Rico. A branch clipping method was used monthly to sample foliage arthropod abundance over 39 mo. Seasonal patterns of rainfall and abundance within various arthropod taxa were highly variable from year to year. Abundance for most taxa did not show significant seasonality over the 3 yr, although most taxa had abundance peaks each year. However, Homoptera displayed high seasonality with significant temporal aggregations in each year. Formicidae, Orthoptera, and Coleoptera showed high variation in abundance between wet and dry periods, whereas Hemiptera were consistently more abundant in the wet period. Seasonal differences in mean abundance were found only in a few taxa on Tamarindus indica L., Bucida buceras L., Pithecellobium dulce, and (Roxburgh) Benth. Mean arthropod abundance varied among tree species, with highest numbers on Prosopis juliflora, (Swartz) De Candolle, Pi. dulce, Leucaena leucocephala, and (Lamarck) de Wit. Abundance of Araneae, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera larvae, and all arthropods showed weak relationships with one or more climatic variables (rainfall, maximum temperature, or relative humidity). Body size of arthropods was usually largest during the dry periods. Overall, total foliage arthropod abundance showed no consistent seasonality among years, which may become a more common trend in dry forests and woodlands in the Caribbean if seasonality of rainfall becomes less predictable.