RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The growth hormone (GH) has been reported as a crucial neuronal survival factor in the hippocampus against insults of diverse nature. Status epilepticus (SE) is a prolonged seizure that produces extensive neuronal cell death. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of GH on seizure severity and SE-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. METHODOLOGY: Adult male rats were implanted with a guide cannula in the left ventricle and different amounts of GH (70, 120 or 220ng/3µl) were microinjected for 5 days; artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used as the vehicle. Seizures were induced by the lithium-pilocarpine model (3mEq/kg LiCl and 30mg/kg pilocarpine hydrochloride) one day after the last GH administration. Neuronal injury was assessed by Fluoro-Jade B (F-JB) staining. RESULTS: Rats injected with 120ng of GH did not had SE after 30mg/kg pilocarpine, they required a higher number of pilocarpine injections to develop SE than the rats pretreated with the vehicle, 70ng or 220ng GH. Prefrontal and parietal cortex EEG recordings confirmed that latency to generalized seizures and SE was also significantly higher in the 120ng group when compared with all the experimental groups. FJ-B positive cells were detected in the hippocampus after SE in all rats, and no significant differences in the number of F-JB cells in the CA1 area and the hilus was observed between experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that, although GH has an anticonvulsive effect in the lithium-pilocarpine model of SE, it does not exert hippocampal neuroprotection after SE.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes , Hormônio do Crescimento , Fármacos Neuroprotetores , Estado Epiléptico , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Hormônio do Crescimento/farmacologia , Lítio/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Pilocarpina/efeitos adversos , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Estado Epiléptico/tratamento farmacológico , Estado Epiléptico/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The growth hormone (GH) has been reported as a crucial neuronal survival factor in the hippocampus against insults of diverse nature. Status epilepticus (SE) is a prolonged seizure that produces extensive neuronal cell death. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracerebroventricular administration of GH on seizure severity and SE-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration. METHODOLOGY: Adult male rats were implanted with a guide cannula in the left ventricle and different amounts of GH (70, 120 or 220ng/3µl) were microinjected for 5 days; artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used as the vehicle. Seizures were induced by the lithium-pilocarpine model (3mEq/kg LiCl and 30mg/kg pilocarpine hydrochloride) one day after the last GH administration. Neuronal injury was assessed by Fluoro-Jade B (F-JB) staining. RESULTS: Rats injected with 120ng of GH did not had SE after 30mg/kg pilocarpine, they required a higher number of pilocarpine injections to develop SE than the rats pretreated with the vehicle, 70ng or 220ng GH. Prefrontal and parietal cortex EEG recordings confirmed that latency to generalized seizures and SE was also significantly higher in the 120ng group when compared with all the experimental groups. FJ-B positive cells were detected in the hippocampus after SE in all rats, and no significant differences in the number of F-JB cells in the CA1 area and the hilus was observed between experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that, although GH has an anticonvulsive effect in the lithium-pilocarpine model of SE, it does not exert hippocampal neuroprotection after SE.
RESUMO
The prognostication of patient outcome is one of the greatest challenges in the management of early stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). This study introduces a simple histopathological model for the prognostication of survival in patients with early OTSCC. A total of 311 cases (from Finland and Brazil) with clinically evaluated early stage OTSCC (cT1-T2cN0cM0) were included in this multicentre retrospective study. Tumour budding (B) and depth of invasion (D) were scored on haematoxylin-eosin-stained cancer slides. The cut-off point for tumour budding was set at 5 buds (low <5; high ≥5) and for depth of invasion at 4mm (low <4mm; high ≥4mm). The scores of B and D were combined into one model: the BD predictive model. On multivariate analysis, a high risk score (BD score 2) correlated significantly with loco-regional recurrence (P=0.033) and death due to OTSCC (P<0.001) in early stage OTSCC. The new BD model is a promising prognostic tool to identify those patients with aggressive cases of early stage OTSCC who might benefit from multimodality treatment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias da Língua/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Criança , Feminino , Finlândia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Neoplasias da Língua/mortalidadeRESUMO
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, whose diagnosis has limitations, such as the low sensitivity and specificity of parasitological and immunological methods, respectively. In the present study an alternative molecular technique requiring previous standardization was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the amplification of a 121-bp highly repetitive sequence for Schistosoma mansoni. DNA was extracted from eggs of S. mansoni by salting out. Different conditions were standardized for the PCR technique, including the concentration of reagents and the DNA template, annealing temperature and number of cycles, followed by the determination of the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the technique. Furthermore, the standardized PCR technique was employed in DNA extracted, using Chelex®100, from samples of sera of patients with an immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis. The optimal conditions for the PCR were 2.5 mm MgCl2, 150 mm deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), 0.4 µm primers, 0.75 U DNA polymerase, using 35 cycles and an annealing temperature of 63°C. The analytical sensitivity of the PCR was 10 attograms of DNA and the specificity was 100%. The DNA sequence was successfully detected in the sera of two patients, demonstrating schistosomiasis transmission, although low, in the community studied. The standardized PCR technique, using smaller amounts of reagents than in the original protocol, is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of DNA from S. mansoni and could be an important tool for diagnosis in areas of low endemicity.
Assuntos
Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Schistosoma mansoni/genética , Esquistossomose mansoni/diagnóstico , Animais , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA de Helmintos/genética , Doenças Endêmicas , Humanos , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Schistosoma mansoni/isolamento & purificação , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/parasitologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Calcific uremic arteriolopathy is defined as a syndrome consisting of ischemic skin ulceration due to calcification of the wall of the arterioles of the subcutaneous tissue as a result of hyperparathyroidism in uremic patients. CASE REPORT: A 55-year old female patient, hypertense, with heart failure and kidney failure treated with hemodialysis, who presented lower limb pain and hypercalcemia. On physical examination, skin lesions with symmetrical peripheral pulses present in the limbs. Laboratory tests revealed hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and very high parathyroid hormone levels. Parathyroidectomy was performed and biopsy of skin lesions, the patient having a torpid course causing exitus. Autopsy was performed, with histologic features characteristic of calcific uremic arteriolopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Calcific calcium uremic arteriolopathy or calciphylaxis is a complex and variable disease that is difficult to diagnose and whose treatment is complicated. Despite the efforts of the investigators, there are still many questions regarding its pathogenesis. This acts as an incentive for further research to establish the most appropriate actions to take to maintain an adequate quality of life for the patients and avoid complications that trigger death in some cases.
Assuntos
Calcinose/diagnóstico , Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário/complicações , Úlcera Cutânea/diagnóstico , Uremia/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Arteríolas/patologia , Calcinose/etiologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologia , Doenças Vasculares/etiologiaRESUMO
Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) exerts major pro-inflammatory, regulatory, and anti-inflammatory actions in immune defense responses. In asthma the infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes is a critical event. Chemokines stimulate the migration of the susceptible subset of inflammatory cells. The chemokine receptors CCR-3 are mainly expressed in eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 cells. More recently it has been demonstrated that the IFN-gamma downregulates the expression of some chemokine receptors. IgE determinations were performed using an ELISA for total IgE Peripheral blood leukocytes from patients and controls were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The cells were incubated in the absence or presence of 500 IU/ml of recombinant human IFN-gamma for different times. After incubation the cells were washed and lyzed for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RT-PCR was performed using a Perkin-Elmer kit. The amplified bands were run in 2% agarose gels and quantified. The basal levels of CCR-3 in asthmatic patients with IgE > 150 IU/ml tend to be higher than in controls. IFN-gamma down-regulates the expression of CCR-3 in peripheral blood leukocytes from asthmatics with IgE >150 IU/ml, when compared with the basal levels of expression. In conclusions, through the modification of the expression of CCR-3 in peripheral blood leukocytes from atopic asthmatics, IFN-gamma could exert a beneficial effect in patients with asthma, regulating the migration of some inflammatory cells involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Assuntos
Asma/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Receptores de Quimiocinas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores CCR3 , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
Recombinant human IFN alpha 2b coupled to a silica support was used for the purification of the IFN alpha-binding proteins from placental cell membrane extracts. The 100-kDa (p100) and 64-kDa (p64) proteins, which bind preferentially to an IFN alpha 2b-silica matrix, were identified. Using a monoclonal antibody (A6) against IFN-gammaR1, it was able to isolate p100 and p70, but only if IFN alpha 2b was present during chromatography. Similar interactions were observed using polyclonal antibody anti-IFN gamma binding proteins, as assayed in Western blot. These interactions were identified as conformation dependent. We speculate that IFN alpha 2b receptor complex shares an IFN gamma receptor complex epitope.
Assuntos
Interferon gama/imunologia , Receptores de Interferon/química , Receptores de Interferon/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Anticorpos Monoclonais/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Membrana Celular/química , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Epitopos , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana , Placenta/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Dióxido de Silício/químicaRESUMO
Tradicionalmente la persona encargada de la salud ocupacional, se siente responsable de controlar los factores de riesgo a los cuales está expuesto el trabajador quien asume un papel pasivo. Aun cuando este tipo de intervención es necesaria, se requieren cambios de actitud del trabajador y la organización laboral, que contribuyan al empoderamiento del trabajador respecto a su salud. Para esto son esenciales los procesos participativos. Por lo anterior se considera importante realizar una recapitulación crítica de la participación en salud de los trabajadores, conscientes de la necesidad de un cambio en los procesos participativos, que los involucren como sujetos activos en la determinación de procesos que promuevan, mejoren y conserven su salud, pues son ellos los que poseen la vivencia y conocimiento acerca de las condiciones de trabajo y las repercusiones en ella. Con este estado del arte, se busca recopilar la información existente, teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes históricos, tanto de la participación comunitaria como la de los trabajadores; un marco de referencia que contempla la conceptualización de la participación; las formas y tipos de participación; la intervención de la educación como proceso de participación; la participación vista como un derecho y deber; los modelos de participación; el marco constitucional y legal y los actores sociales en nuestro contexto. Finalmente, en una fase reflexiva - crítica de la documentación se pretende analizar los fenómenos hallados, con el fin de develar como se presentan y los intereses y las tendencias de los mismos. Como último aporte se elabora una base de datos de la participación, útil para próximas investigaciones relacionadas con el tema
Assuntos
Saúde Ocupacional , Engajamento no Trabalho/tendênciasRESUMO
Soluble receptors for hormones and cytokines have been described. They can serve as natural blockers of their respective ligands. The natural soluble interferon gamma receptor (sIFN gamma R) has been isolated and characterized only in urine. Chromatography of human (hu) plasma from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls on immobilized hu IFN gamma or antibodies against IFN gamma R alpha chain permitted us to isolate the sIFN gamma R. The receptor isolated from one control is a protein with a molecular weight between 60-67 kDa depending on the presence of reducing agents. We detected a significantly higher level of plasma sIFN gamma R in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in apparently healthy subjects.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Receptores de Interferon/sangue , Humanos , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Peso Molecular , Solubilidade , Receptor de Interferon gamaRESUMO
En el desarrollo del trabajo se detectó la presencia de receptor pra interferón gamma (R-IFN gamma) soluble en el plasma de individuos sanos, infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), con cáncer y trastornos autoinmunes (artritis reumatoidea) y en el sobrenadante de cultivos celulares (Colo 205, Raji). Se observó la presencia de especies moleculares de 84, 56, 51 y menores de 30 kDa en la preparación proveniente de plasma. Se purificó el receptor de membrana para interferón (IFN) gamma en leucocitos y plaquetas humanos. Fueron detectados especies moleculares de 84 y 51 kDa en ambos. Productos degradativos con unión específica al IFN gamma y fueron detectados en 27 y 13 kDa, en condiciones reductoras, en la preparación de receptos de membrana para leucocitos. Fue encontrada la actividad que une IFN *-2 de forma específica en el plasma y en el sobrenadante de cultivos celulares (Hep-2, Daudi)