RESUMO
"This study uses Nicaraguan data to estimate a latent variable system of reduced-form demands for births, infant mortality, contraception, nutrition and breastfeeding. The estimates support some of the synthesis extensions to the standard fertility model, such as the concurrent increase of contraception, health, nutrition and fertility and decline in breastfeeding with income increases from initial low levels.... The initial stages of development may experience an increase in family size despite an increase in contraceptive use...as well as a profertility impact of reduced breastfeeding." Data are from a survey of women aged 15-45 that was conducted in Nicaragua from 1977 to 1978.
Assuntos
Coeficiente de Natalidade , Aleitamento Materno , Comportamento Contraceptivo , Características da Família , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Renda , Mortalidade Infantil , Modelos Teóricos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Política Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatística como Assunto , América , América Central , Anticoncepção , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Fertilidade , Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , América Latina , Mortalidade , Nicarágua , América do Norte , População , Dinâmica Populacional , PesquisaRESUMO
Women's schooling is thought to have an important positive impact on children's health and nutrition in developing countries. A special adult sister sample from Nicaragua is used to explore this relation. Standard individual reduced-form estimates suggest a strong positive impact. With control for the unobserved common childhood family background characteristics shared by the sisters, the impact of women's schooling on nutrition is quite robust, but on the health outcomes declines substantially or evaporates. Thus, contrary to the standard estimates, mother's schooling does not appear to improve substantially their children's health outcomes, though it does seem to increase their nutrient intakes.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Nível de Saúde , Saúde , Mulheres/educação , Criança , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Pré-Escolar , Escolaridade , Saúde da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Nicarágua , Estatística como AssuntoRESUMO
A micro study of inter-regional migration by women in Nicaragua is presented. The authors "explore three sets of migratory incentives: (1) labor market factors such as usually are emphasized; (2) 'demographic marriage market' considerations (i.e., the probability of having a male companion)...; and (3) 'economic marriage market' considerations (i.e., the expected earnings from a companion given regional labor market conditions and assortative mating)....[They] use estimates of expected outcomes in origin, destination and third regions--conditional upon the woman's characteristics and upon regional differences in labor and marriage markets--to explore the consistency of actual migratory flows with these three sets of migratory incentives." Data are from a sample of approximately 4,000 women aged 15-45 who were interviewed in 1977-1978.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Emprego , Geografia , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Renda , Estado Civil , Casamento , Modelos Teóricos , Motivação , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Migrantes , América , Comportamento , América Central , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , América Latina , Nicarágua , América do Norte , População , Psicologia , PesquisaRESUMO
The authors investigate the determinants of child mortality and health and nutrition status in Nicaragua using economic models of household behavior. In particular, they examine regional differences by degree of urbanization. Various factors affecting child mortality are considered. The results indicate that "income is not an important factor, there is an inverse relation with number of siblings, and there are positive associations with calorie intake, schooling (except in the relatively low-income areas), the availability of refrigeration, and the quality of sewage systems."