RESUMO
Based on an equation that can be used with available data and that provides a basis for facilitating decomposition analyses, this research estimates that about 2.54 million total (as opposed to enumerated) unauthorized Mexicans resided in the United States in 1996. Comparing this figure with an estimate of about 2.70 million released by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) during the 1990s, we find that the two estimates involve different assumptions about circular, invisible, and ambiguous migrants. Such differences not only can have important policy implications; they can also be sizable and can operate in opposite directions, as illustrated by findings from a components-of-difference analysis. The results are also extrapolated to 2000, and implications for 2000 census counts are discussed.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Vigilância da População , Estatística como Assunto , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Coeficiente de Natalidade , Americanos Mexicanos , Coeficiente de Natalidade/etnologia , Coeficiente de Natalidade/tendências , Demografia , Emigração e Imigração/classificação , Emigração e Imigração/história , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigração e Imigração/tendências , Feminino , Fertilidade , História do Século XX , Humanos , Americanos Mexicanos/classificação , Americanos Mexicanos/etnologia , Americanos Mexicanos/história , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This article examines the effects of English proficiency and female education on cumulative and recent fertility within the Mexican-origin population in the U.S. To ascertain whether the cultural or the human capital aspects of linguistic variables have the greater salience for fertility behavior, fertility patterns of bilingual women are compared with those of monolingual women speaking English or Spanish. Using the 1980 U.S. Census 5 percent Public Use Microdata Sample for ever-married Mexican-origin women aged 15-44, we find that for almost all age cohorts, the effects of English proficiency are negative and increase with rising education. The strength of the interaction is greater in younger age groups. Greater English proficiency is also associated with a more negative impact of education for native- than foreign-born women. Overall, the influence of "opportunity cost," as opposed to cultural factors, is more important in shaping the fertility behavior of these women.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Fertilidade , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Idioma , Adulto , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , México/etnologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This article examines the effects of undocumented Mexican immigrants on the earnings of other workers in geographical labor markets in the Southwest. The number of undocumented Mexicans included in the 1980 census in southwestern SMSAs is estimated. We then estimate the parameters of three specifications of a generalized Leontief production function with various demographic groups as substitutable factors. The statistically significant effects of undocumented Mexicans on the earnings of other groups are positive, but of slight magnitude. Legal immigrants' effects on native white earnings, however, are small and negative. The results are consistent with the possibility that undocumented Mexican immigrants' jobs complement those of other workers. The implications for public policy concerns about the effects of illegal Mexican immigration are discussed.
Assuntos
Competição Econômica/legislação & jurisprudência , Economia/legislação & jurisprudência , Emigração e Imigração , Hispânico ou Latino , Renda , Humanos , México/etnologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
"Based on Warren and Passel's...estimate that nearly two-thirds of Mexican-born noncitizens entering the U.S. during 1975-80 and included in the 1980 Census are undocumented immigrants, this article uses the 1980 Public Use Microfiles to delineate four Mexican origin immigrant status groups--post 1975 Mexican-born noncitizens, pre-1975 Mexican-born noncitizens, self-reported naturalized citizens, and native-born Mexican-Americans." It is found that "the pattern of sociodemographic differences among these groups provides support for the idea that the first two categories contain a substantial fraction of undocumented immigrants. These two groups (especially the first) reveal characteristics that one would logically associate with undocumented immigrants--age concentration (in young adult years), high sex ratios, low education and income levels, and lack of English proficiency."
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Etnicidade , Hispânico ou Latino , Características da População , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Migrantes , Distribuição por Idade , América , Cultura , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Escolaridade , Renda , Idioma , América Latina , México , América do Norte , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Razão de Masculinidade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This article reports the results of applying a sex ratio-based method to estimate the number of undocumented Mexicans residing in the United States in 1980. The approach centers on a comparison between the hypothetical sex ratio one would expect to find in Mexico in the absence of emigration to the United States and the sex ratio that is in fact reported in preliminary results from the 1980 Mexican Census. The procedure involves, inter alia, assuming a range of values for the sex ratio at birth and for census coverage differentials by sex in Mexico. Even the combinations of these values most likely to result in large estimates suggest that no more than 4 million illegal migrants of Mexican origin were residing in the United States in 1980.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Hispânico ou Latino , Vigilância da População , Razão de Masculinidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estados UnidosRESUMO
PIP: Results of a survey which sought to provide a profile of international Dominican migrants indicate that international migration from the Dominican Republic is primarily a middle class urban phenomenon, with rural unemployment representing only a small segment of the migration flow. The strongest reasons for emigrating were economic, and most migrants tended to leave the Dominican Republic at the peak of their productivity. The profile of the migrant which emerged from the survey does not fit the stereotype of an illiterate, unskilled, and unemployable individual who decides to emigrate to receive welfare. Results also show that about 40% of migrants had returned at the time of the survey, and suggest that the poorer the migrant, the less likely it is he/she will return. Most persons migrating in order to study tend to return after their studies are over, and a large number of migrants have trouble adjusting to a foreign society. Finally, international net migration does not seem to be increasing; in fact the findings suggest that net migration declined considerably in the 1970s, after reaching a peak in the 1960s.^ieng