RESUMO

Richness, composition and spatial distribution of birds were analyzed on an urban forest fragment of 47.3 ha at Maringá, Southern Brazil (2325"S and 5125W). Four habitats were categorized on this fragment: forest, forest edge, open areas and lagoon. The forest and forest edge were divided into three levels: understory (bellow 3 m), mid-levels (3-6 m) and canopy (above 6 m). A standard transect was ran throughout all pre-established habitats four times each month of January to December 2003, totaling 48 sampling days. A total of 86 bird species were registered on the forest fragment, being the insectivores and omnivores, respectively, the guilds with larger number of species. Most of the species was registered on no more than 25% of samplings. The forest was the habitat with largest species richness and largest percentage of species with occurrence frequency above of 75%. The mid-levels presented the largest species richness and the canopy the largest percentage of species with occurrence frequency above of 75%. It is pointed out the importance of conservation of the several urban forest fragments and the tree covering on Maringá, in order to minimize the isolation effects and to try to supply the needs of part of the bird community that possibly would not to persist on studied fragment whether there were not other near forest areas.

Foi analisada a riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano de 47,3 ha em Maringá, Sul do Brasil (2325S e 5125W). Quatro hábitats foram categorizados neste fragmento: interior de floresta, borda de floresta, áreas abertas e lago. A borda e interior de floresta foram divididos em três estratos: inferior (abaixo de 3 m), médio (3-6 m) e superior (acima de 6 m). Uma transecção abrangendo todos os hábitats foi percorrida quatro vezes por mês de janeiro a dezembro de 2003, totalizando 48 dias de amostragens. Foram registradas 86 espécies de aves no fragmento florestal, sendo os insetívoros e onívoros, respectivamente, as guildas com maior número de espécies. A maioria das espécies foi registrada no máximo em 25% das amostragens. O interior da floresta foi o hábitat que teve a maior riqueza de espécies e a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. O estrato médio apresentou a maior riqueza e o superior a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. Ressalta-se a importância de se manter os vários fragmentos florestais urbanos e a cobertura arbórea na cidade de Maringá, a fim de se minimizar os efeitos do isolamento e tentar suprir as necessidades de uma parte da comunidade de aves que possivelmente não se manteria caso não houvesse outras áreas florestais próximas ao local estud

RESUMO

Richness, composition and spatial distribution of birds were analyzed on an urban forest fragment of 47.3 ha at Maringá, Southern Brazil (2325"S and 5125W). Four habitats were categorized on this fragment: forest, forest edge, open areas and lagoon. The forest and forest edge were divided into three levels: understory (bellow 3 m), mid-levels (3-6 m) and canopy (above 6 m). A standard transect was ran throughout all pre-established habitats four times each month of January to December 2003, totaling 48 sampling days. A total of 86 bird species were registered on the forest fragment, being the insectivores and omnivores, respectively, the guilds with larger number of species. Most of the species was registered on no more than 25% of samplings. The forest was the habitat with largest species richness and largest percentage of species with occurrence frequency above of 75%. The mid-levels presented the largest species richness and the canopy the largest percentage of species with occurrence frequency above of 75%. It is pointed out the importance of conservation of the several urban forest fragments and the tree covering on Maringá, in order to minimize the isolation effects and to try to supply the needs of part of the bird community that possibly would not to persist on studied fragment whether there were not other near forest areas.

Foi analisada a riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano de 47,3 ha em Maringá, Sul do Brasil (2325S e 5125W). Quatro hábitats foram categorizados neste fragmento: interior de floresta, borda de floresta, áreas abertas e lago. A borda e interior de floresta foram divididos em três estratos: inferior (abaixo de 3 m), médio (3-6 m) e superior (acima de 6 m). Uma transecção abrangendo todos os hábitats foi percorrida quatro vezes por mês de janeiro a dezembro de 2003, totalizando 48 dias de amostragens. Foram registradas 86 espécies de aves no fragmento florestal, sendo os insetívoros e onívoros, respectivamente, as guildas com maior número de espécies. A maioria das espécies foi registrada no máximo em 25% das amostragens. O interior da floresta foi o hábitat que teve a maior riqueza de espécies e a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. O estrato médio apresentou a maior riqueza e o superior a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. Ressalta-se a importância de se manter os vários fragmentos florestais urbanos e a cobertura arbórea na cidade de Maringá, a fim de se minimizar os efeitos do isolamento e tentar suprir as necessidades de uma parte da comunidade de aves que possivelmente não se manteria caso não houvesse outras áreas florestais próximas ao local estud

RESUMO

The diet of four species of Anostomidae (Leporinus friderici Bloch, 1794, L. striatus Kner, 1858, L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849 and Leporinus sp.) were investigated in the Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Fish were sampled in three sites: upriver, in the main body of the reservoir, and below the dam. Were analized 276 stomachs. The diet was evaluated using the frequency of ocorrence and volumetric methods. Leporinus friderici showed tendency to herbivory, mainly in the upriver site. In the reservoir and below the dam, it consumed large quantities of fish; Isoptera only in the reservoir. Leporinus striatus and L. elongatus have similar diets, consuming Chironomidae larvae (Diptera), whereas Leporinus sp. was more generalist, feeding similar proportions of vegetable, detritus and insect (Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera). The mouths of the species have different positions: terminal in L. friderici, subterminal in L. elongatus and intermediate in L. striatus and Leporinus sp. The diet overlap values were low, except for L. friderici and Leporinus sp. (0.7) in the upriver, and L. striatus and L. elongatus (0.6) below the dam.

RESUMO

Fishes are very good exploiter of the aquatic environment that have, sometimes, unavailable organisms to sampling gears. Considering that the fishes feed on the most abundant and available items, the purpose of this work was to verify the abundance and the seasonal variations of thedifferent insect taxons in the area of the Manso Reservoir, MT, through the diet of Triportheus nematurus (n=96) and Triportheus paranensis (n=190). We recorded 11 orders represented by adults and larval stages of aquatic and terrestrial insects, mainly of the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Isoptera. In despite of the small sample size, it was possible to verify ahigh diversity of insects in the Manso Reservoirs area and to highlight the importance of this group as food for the fish community.

RESUMO

Fishes are very good exploiter of the aquatic environment that have, sometimes, unavailable organisms to sampling gears. Considering that the fishes feed on the most abundant and available items, the purpose of this work was to verify the abundance and the seasonal variations of thedifferent insect taxons in the area of the Manso Reservoir, MT, through the diet of Triportheus nematurus (n=96) and Triportheus paranensis (n=190). We recorded 11 orders represented by adults and larval stages of aquatic and terrestrial insects, mainly of the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Isoptera. In despite of the small sample size, it was possible to verify ahigh diversity of insects in the Manso Reservoirs area and to highlight the importance of this group as food for the fish community.

RESUMO

The diet of four species of Anostomidae (Leporinus friderici Bloch, 1794, L. striatus Kner, 1858, L. elongatus Valenciennes, 1849 and Leporinus sp.) were investigated in the Manso Reservoir, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Fish were sampled in three sites: upriver, in the main body of the reservoir, and below the dam. Were analized 276 stomachs. The diet was evaluated using the frequency of ocorrence and volumetric methods. Leporinus friderici showed tendency to herbivory, mainly in the upriver site. In the reservoir and below the dam, it consumed large quantities of fish; Isoptera only in the reservoir. Leporinus striatus and L. elongatus have similar diets, consuming Chironomidae larvae (Diptera), whereas Leporinus sp. was more generalist, feeding similar proportions of vegetable, detritus and insect (Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera). The mouths of the species have different positions: terminal in L. friderici, subterminal in L. elongatus and intermediate in L. striatus and Leporinus sp. The diet overlap values were low, except for L. friderici and Leporinus sp. (0.7) in the upriver, and L. striatus and L. elongatus (0.6) below the dam.

RESUMO

The aim of this paper is to determine the diet of two species of Triportheus (T. paranensis e T. nematurus), in Manso Reservoir and lagoons of Cuiabá River, MT. Samples were monthly taken from March 2000 to February 2001. Stomach contents were analyzed by the occurrence and volumetric methods, and data were graphically grouped by Costello Index. The diet of T. nematurus was composed of terrestrial (Hymenoptera and Coleoptera) and aquatic insects (larvae of Diptera) in the reservoir. In lagoons it consumed algae and terrestrial insects during the flood period, and the diet was more diversified during the dry season. In the reservoir, T. paranensis consumed specially aquatic invertebrates, while in lagoons its diet was composed of terrestrial insects in dry season and aquatic insects in flood period. Schoener Index presented low values ( 0,6), showing partial segregation in both species diet

O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer aspectos da alimentação de duas espécies de Triportheus, no reservatório de Manso e lagoas do rio Cuiabá, Estado do Mato Grosso. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente (março/00 a fevereiro/01) e os conteúdos estomacais analisados pelos métodos de Ocorrência (O%) e Volumétrico (V%). Os dados foram sintetizados graficamente no Índice de Costello. T. nematurus explorou insetos terrestres (Hymenoptera e Coleoptera) e insetos aquáticos (larvas de Diptera) no reservatório, durante todo o período de estudos. Nas lagoas, a dieta foi baseada principalmente em algas e insetos terrestres no período de cheia, sendo mais diversificada na seca. No reservatório, T. paranensis consumiu preferencialmente invertebrados aquáticos (Cladocera e Copepoda) enquanto que, nas lagoas, explorou insetos terrestres no período de seca e insetos aquáticos na cheia. A sobreposição alimentar (Índice de Schoener) intra e interespecífica apresentou valores baixos ( 0,6), indicando segregação parcial na dieta das duas espécies

RESUMO

The aim of this paper is to determine the diet of two species of Triportheus (T. paranensis e T. nematurus), in Manso Reservoir and lagoons of Cuiabá River, MT. Samples were monthly taken from March 2000 to February 2001. Stomach contents were analyzed by the occurrence and volumetric methods, and data were graphically grouped by Costello Index. The diet of T. nematurus was composed of terrestrial (Hymenoptera and Coleoptera) and aquatic insects (larvae of Diptera) in the reservoir. In lagoons it consumed algae and terrestrial insects during the flood period, and the diet was more diversified during the dry season. In the reservoir, T. paranensis consumed specially aquatic invertebrates, while in lagoons its diet was composed of terrestrial insects in dry season and aquatic insects in flood period. Schoener Index presented low values ( 0,6), showing partial segregation in both species diet

O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer aspectos da alimentação de duas espécies de Triportheus, no reservatório de Manso e lagoas do rio Cuiabá, Estado do Mato Grosso. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente (março/00 a fevereiro/01) e os conteúdos estomacais analisados pelos métodos de Ocorrência (O%) e Volumétrico (V%). Os dados foram sintetizados graficamente no Índice de Costello. T. nematurus explorou insetos terrestres (Hymenoptera e Coleoptera) e insetos aquáticos (larvas de Diptera) no reservatório, durante todo o período de estudos. Nas lagoas, a dieta foi baseada principalmente em algas e insetos terrestres no período de cheia, sendo mais diversificada na seca. No reservatório, T. paranensis consumiu preferencialmente invertebrados aquáticos (Cladocera e Copepoda) enquanto que, nas lagoas, explorou insetos terrestres no período de seca e insetos aquáticos na cheia. A sobreposição alimentar (Índice de Schoener) intra e interespecífica apresentou valores baixos ( 0,6), indicando segregação parcial na dieta das duas espécies