RESUMO
OVERVIEW: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Its histological classification depends on early diagnosis and successful treatment. Therefore, having specific biomarkers for a quick sorting widens the successful output of lung cancer treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: High-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed of small cohorts of BioBanco samples from healthy and tumour cells from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (lSCC). RNA-seq samples from small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were downloaded from databases. A bioinformatic workflow has been programmed for the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS: A total of 4777 DEGs were differentially expressed in SCLC, 3676 DEGs were in lSCC, while the lowest number of DEGs, 2819, appeared in LUAD. Among them, 945 DEGs were common to the three histological types. Once validated their expression profile and their survival predictive capacity in large, public cohorts, three DEGs can be exclusively considered as diagnostic biomarkers, three as prognosis biomarkers, and other three exhibit both diagnosis and prognosis capabilities. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study presents evidences for the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of expression changes in CAPN8-2, TMC5 and MUC1 in LUAD, while they are non-significant in SCLC and lSCC. Their translation to clinical practice is proposed.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/diagnóstico , Transcriptoma , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Before weaning, breast milk is the physiological form of neonatal nutrition, providing pups with all nutrient requirements. Maternal low-protein diet (LPD) during pregnancy and lactation induces adverse changes in key maternal organs, which have negative effects on pup development. We studied the effects of maternal LPD on liver weight, mammary gland (MG) cell differentiation, milk composition and production and pup development throughout lactation. We fed rats with control (C) or LPD (R) during pregnancy and lactation. At 7 d early, 14 d mid and 21 d late lactation stages, maternal biochemical parameters, body, liver and MG weights were analysed. MG cell differentiation was analysed by haematoxylin and eosin staining; milk nutrient composition and production were studied; pup body, liver and brain weights, hippocampal arachidonic acid (AA) and DHA were quantified. Results showed lower body and liver weights, minor MG cell differentiation and lower serum insulin and TAG in R compared with C. R milk contained less protein and higher AA at early and mid stages compared with C. R pup milk and fat intake were lower at all stages. R protein intake at early and mid stages and DHA intake at mid and late stages were lower compared with C. In R pups, lower body, liver and brain weights were associated with decreased hippocampal AA and DHA. We conclude that maternal LPD impairs liver and MG function and induces significant changes in maternal milk composition, pup milk intake and organ development.
Assuntos
Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas/efeitos adversos , Lactação/fisiologia , Leite/química , Animais , Ácido Araquidônico/análise , Peso Corporal , Encéfalo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Feminino , Hipocampo/química , Fígado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Tamanho do Órgão , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In several countries, organ transplantation is limited. We describe the implementation of a model to perform kidney transplantation in a low-resource population through a financial mechanism sharing public, patient, and private foundations funds. METHODS: This was a cohort study of 100 low-resource patients undergoing renal transplantation at the Hospital General of México. The mean age of the transplanted population was 30.07 ± 11.4 years, from which 84% reported an income <400 USD/month. Ninety percent of grafts were obtained from live donors. RESULTS: The survival rate at 1 year after the procedure was 98%. Patient rehabilitation after transplantation included the incorporation of individuals into productive life and work. The economically active population increased from 8% to 40% after the transplant procedure. The model was successfully implemented as the result of (i) adequate incorporation of medical staff with solid experience in organ transplantation; (ii) institutional public policy and collaboration between diverse services to support donors and receptors; and (iii) financial collaboration to attract resources and funds to guarantee access to immunosuppressants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results led toward an operational, reproducible model for transplanting patients in developing and financial crisis countries, reflecting beneficial long-lasting effects on the patient from the therapeutic, clinical, and economic points of view.
Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Transplante de Rim , Adulto , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos/organização & administração , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim/economia , Transplante de Rim/mortalidade , Doadores Vivos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Organizacionais , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: describir la forma como algunos usuarios de la Empresa Social del Estado Francisco de Paula Santander, de Cúcuta, Colombia, hospitalizados en el servicio de especialidades médicas, percibieron la calidad del cuidado del personal de enfermería durante el segundo semestre de 2004.Muestra: 202 usuarios del servicio de especialidades médicas que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión y aceptaran participar mediante firma de consentimiento informado. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo descriptivo transversal.Método: se utilizó el instrumento Caring Assessment Questionare (Care-Q) de Patricia Larson, integrado por cincuenta preguntas divididas en las siguientes subescalas del comportamiento de la enfermera: accesible, explica y facilita, conforta, se anticipa, mantiene relación de confianza, y monitorea y hace seguimiento.Resultados: los comportamientos más importantes percibidos por los usuarios están relacionados con habilidades del personal como: administrar al paciente los tratamientos y las medicinas oportunamente, saber aplicar inyecciones, manipular equipos de uso parenteral (sueros), las máquinas de succión y otros equipos. Los comportamientos menos importantes son: preguntar al paciente cómo prefiere que lo llamen, sentarse con éste, ser jovial, ofrecer alternativas razonables y encontrar la mejor oportunidad para hablarle sobre los cambios de su estado de salud.Conclusión: conocer la percepción de los usuarios permite evaluar la calidad de los cuidados ofrecidos en los servicios de salud, para ser más competitivos y satisfacer las necesidades y expectativas de cuidado del paciente hospitalizado en el servicio de clínicas médicas.
Assuntos
Assistência ao Paciente , Enfermagem Primária , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem , Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
The traditional production of corn tortilla has been modified by new processing technologies to make possible a commercial-scale production; this practice has resulted in products having sensory properties different from those produced by the traditional method. There is no published information on sensory attributes driving acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortillas. Identifying sensory drivers for acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortillas will help commercially produce products that satisfy consumers' expectations. A consumer study was conducted to evaluate acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortillas and determine drivers of acceptance and purchase intent of the products. Ten samples of corn tortillas were selected to represent a variety of corn tortillas available in the Mexican market. Three hundred Mexican consumers evaluated acceptability of appearance, color, thickness, rollability, resistance to tearing, aroma, chewiness, taste and aftertaste, and overall liking using a 9-point hedonic scale. Overall acceptance and purchase intent were determined with a yes/no scale. Analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance revealed that consumers were able to differentiate differences in sensory acceptability among 10 samples. For example, 2 homemade and 1 small commercial-scale samples, with an overall liking score of 6.6 to 6.7, were more acceptable than others. Rollability, resistance to tearing, and chewiness were attributes underlying overall differences among 10 samples. Attributes determining overall acceptance of corn tortillas were chewiness and overall liking. Purchase intent was influenced by overall appearance, rollability, chewiness, taste, and overall liking. This study revealed critical sensory attributes and their weights given by Mexican consumers when making decisions for acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortilla.
Assuntos
Pão , Comportamento do Consumidor/estatística & dados numéricos , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Intenção , Sensação/fisiologia , Zea mays , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Comportamento de Escolha , Cor , Comércio , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Odorantes , Maleabilidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Olfato , Inquéritos e Questionários , Paladar/fisiologia , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
The severe negative impact that bovine babesiosis has in the Mexican cattle industry has not been ameliorated basically due to the lack of safe and effective commercially available vaccines and sensitive and reliable diagnostic tests. In recent years, the Bovine Babesiosis Laboratory at the National Center for Disciplinary Research in Veterinary Parasitology-INIFAP in Morelos State, Mexico has been directing efforts towards three main research areas: (1) The development of in vitro culture-derived, improved and safer live vaccines. This has been done in two ways: using gamma-irradiated bovine serum and erythrocytes for the in vitro culture of vaccine strains, which reduces the risk of contaminating pathogens, and improving the immune response, by the addition of L. casei, a strong stimulant of the innate immune system. (2) The study of antigens considered as vaccine candidates with the goal of developing a recombinant vaccine that suits the country's needs. Knowing their degree of conservation or variation in Mexican isolates, their phylogenetic relationship and their protective, immuno-stimulatory properties, are first steps towards that goal. (3) The development of new tools for diagnosis, detection and discrimination of bovine babesiosis is the third area. Developing variants of ELISA, which are more reliable than the currently used IFAT, are a priority, and finally, taking advantage of the genomes of Babesia bigemina, and B. bovis, we are identifying genes than allow us to discriminate isolates using molecular tools.
Assuntos
Babesia bovis/imunologia , Babesiose/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Protozoárias , Vacinação/veterinária , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/genética , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Babesia/genética , Babesia/imunologia , Babesia bovis/genética , Babesia bovis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Babesiose/diagnóstico , Babesiose/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Contaminação de Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , México/epidemiologia , Parasitologia/métodos , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas , Vacinas SintéticasRESUMO
A monitoring study was conducted to assess the magnitude of DDT [(1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane)] and HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) contamination of bovine milk from the central tropical region of Mexico as the chemicals are extensively used in livestock and public-health programmes. Among pesticide residues analysed, the milk samples collected from Tlalixcoyan showed a mean level of gamma-HCH (0.128 mg x kg(-1)), which was significantly higher than residues in milk samples from Medellin (0.049 mg x kg(-1)) and Paso San Juan (0.022 mg x kg(-1)). The mean level of pp'-DDE in Medellin samples (0.039 mg x kg(-1)) was significantly higher than in Paso San Juan (0.018 mg x kg(-1)) and Tlalixcoyan (0.024 mg x kg(-1)) milk samples. The pp'-DDT mean level from Medellin milk samples (0.089 mg x kg(-1)) was significantly higher than the levels detected in the other two areas. The highest mean Sigma-DDT level detected in Medellin samples (0.146 mg x kg(-1)) was three times the FAO/WHO tolerance level. The highest acceptable daily intakes calculated for Sigma-DDT were 0.017 microg x kg(-1) bw day(-1) for adults and 0.530 microg x kg(-1) bw day(-1) for infants; for gamma-HCH residues, they were 0.021 microg x kg(-1) bw day(-1) for adults and 0.666 microg x kg(-1) bw day(-1) for infants, indicating that infants are more exposed to pesticide residues. Results indicate that cattle exposure to HCH and DDT results in high levels in dairy milk and a potential health risk for consumers.
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Inseticidas/análise , Leite/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Animais , DDT/administração & dosagem , DDT/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Hexaclorocicloexano/administração & dosagem , Hexaclorocicloexano/análise , Humanos , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Concentração Máxima Permitida , MéxicoRESUMO
Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, as Escherichia coli K12, was able to grow in a potassium concentration-dependent manner, down to a very low concentration (< 5 microM). Its metabolic swelling also was [K+]-dependent. When the cells were subjected to hyperosmotic shock, this ion was uptaken rapidly, probably due to a K(+)-high affinity transport-system, similar to the E. coli Kdp system. The shrinkage in presence of 0.6 M NaCl, however, was more noticeable in S. typhimurium, which expressed a smaller level of intracellular K+ than E. coli. The genetic locus responsible for the ability of S. typhimurium to grow in low [K+], was mapped in nitrosoguanidine mutants and localized around min 18, close to the gal operon. This asseveration was confirmed by experiments of reversion, conjugation, and transduction. The mutants required considerably more [K+] to grow and to swell than the parental strain; in addition, below 1 mM [K+], they showed less internal [K+].
Assuntos
Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Potássio/metabolismo , Salmonella typhimurium/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Transporte Biológico Ativo/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Evolução Molecular , Genes Bacterianos , Mutagênese , Pressão Osmótica , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo para determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre las drogas entre los estudiantes del departamento de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. En esta investigación se establecen las relaciones de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas con algunas variables socio-demográficas y socio-económicas, en una muestra no selectiva de 214 alunos investigados durante el período enero-agosto de 1989. Los estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 30 años representaron el 100%; los de 20 a 22 años (37.7%) fueron los más frecuentes; los del sexo femenino representaron el 60.2%; los solteros 87.0%; y los católicos 66.4%. Los de procedencia urbana 56.51%; ingreso familiar de $ 1,500.00 y con un conocimiento relativo en cuanto a drogas. Además de una actitud bien definida a fin de lograr erradicar la dependencia y con una práctica que se corresponde con la de toda sociedad, que es la posibilidad de caer en esta lamentable situación
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Psicotrópicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de MedicinaRESUMO
Expone que los trastornos de diferenciación y desarrollo sexual (SEXO AMBIGUO) constituye un problema médico complejo con gran influencia en el ámbito psicológico del niño y de sus padres. Estos problemas requieren un cuidado delicado y acción certera para que no haya confusión a largo plazo acerca de la identidad sexual del niño. Conforme se suceden las investigaciones y tratamiento respectivo es primordial y de suma importancia el apoyo incondicional e ininterrumpido a la familia por parte del Personal Médico capacitado, logrando así que la familia pueda ser auxiliada para superar esta etapa difícil con su hijo permitiendo a futuro determinar una Mejor Calidad de Vida.