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Int J Mol Sci ; 22(9)2021 May 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34066536

RESUMO

Plant food production is severely affected by fungi; to cope with this problem, farmers use synthetic fungicides. However, the need to reduce fungicide application has led to a search for alternatives, such as biostimulants. Rare-earth elements (REEs) are widely used as biostimulants, but their mode of action and their potential as an alternative to synthetic fungicides have not been fully studied. Here, the biostimulant effect of gadolinium (Gd) is explored using the plant-pathosystem Arabidopsis thaliana-Botrytis cinerea. We determine that Gd induces local, systemic, and long-lasting plant defense responses to B. cinerea, without affecting fungal development. The physiological changes induced by Gd have been related to its structural resemblance to calcium. However, our results show that the calcium-induced defense response is not sufficient to protect plants against B. cinerea, compared to Gd. Furthermore, a genome-wide transcriptomic analysis shows that Gd induces plant defenses and modifies early and late defense responses. However, the resistance to B. cinerea is dependent on JA/ET-induced responses. These data support the conclusion that Gd can be used as a biocontrol agent for B. cinerea. These results are a valuable tool to uncover the molecular mechanisms induced by REEs.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/imunologia , Arabidopsis/microbiologia , Botrytis/fisiologia , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Gadolínio/farmacologia , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Substâncias Protetoras/farmacologia , Arabidopsis/efeitos dos fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Botrytis/efeitos dos fármacos , Botrytis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças das Plantas/imunologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Transcricional/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Transcricional/genética
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