RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Ankyloglossia is a congenital anomaly that can affect breastfeeding. The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of ankyloglossia in newborns and breastfeeding difficulties reported by mothers; assess possible factors that may interfere with breastfeeding. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 391 pairs of mothers/newborns at a university hospital. A pediatric dentist examined the oral cavity of the newborns for the occurrence of ankyloglossia. We analyzed medical records and the mothers answered a self-administered questionnaire to assess birth variables, breastfeeding difficulties, and sociodemographic factors. We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) of breastfeeding difficulties according to the independent variables. RESULTS: The mean age of the newborns was 2.5±2.9 days and 52% were male. The prevalence of ankyloglossia was 15% and 91.4% of mothers reported not having breastfeeding difficulties. Ankyloglossia was not associated with breastfeeding difficulties (PR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2-1.4). Mothers with a low income (PR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.8), those who received instructions on breastfeeding (PR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.9), and those who breastfed exclusively (PR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8) had fewer breastfeeding difficulties. CONCLUSION: Successful breastfeeding was more dependent on being born at full term, the family income, receiving guidance with regard to breastfeeding, and exclusive breastfeeding. Although ankyloglossia was not associated with breastfeeding, future prospective studies should evaluate the long-term factors that may interfere with breastfeeding. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: This study brings a new perspective on the importance of assessing ankyloglossia and breastfeeding difficulties, reinforces the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding and the need for breastfeeding instructions, as well as the need to evaluate breastfeeding before making a decision regarding frenectomy.
RESUMO
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of active and passive smoking during pregnancy and its association with sociodemographic indicators, as well as perinatal and postnatal outcomes in newborns. Methods: This cross-sectional study was comprised of 431 pairs of mothers/ newborns. The study variables were: preterm birth, birth weight, oral mucosal lesions, sociodemographic indicators and smoking data. We collected data from medical records and through a self-administered questionnaire answered by mothers. A pediatric dentist examined the newborns for oral mucosal lesions. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between active and passive smoking and the other variables (α=5%). Results: The prevalence of active (9.5%) and passive smoking (4.2%) during pregnancy was low. Active smoking was statistically associated with low birth weight (OR: 2.4; 95%CI:1.1-5.3), lower schooling level (OR: 0.2; 95%CI:0.1-0.5) and mothers aged ≥36 years old (OR: 4.9; 95%CI:1.2-20.0). Passive smoking was not statistically associated with the other variables. There was no association between active or passive smoking during pregnancy and premature birth and oral lesions of the newborn. Conclusions: The prevalence of active and passive smoking were low. Active smoking was associated with low birth weight, maternal age and mother's schooling, suggesting a social influence of smoking behavior among a population with a lower educational level. There was no association between active and passive smoking and prematurity and oral lesions of the newborn. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de tabagismo ativo e passivo durante a gestação e a associação entre indicadores sociodemográficos, bem como desfechos pré e pós-parto em recém-nascidos. Metodologia: Este estudo transversal foi composto por 431 pares de mães/recém-nascidos. As variáveis estudadas foram: nascimento prematuro, peso ao nascer, lesões mucosas orais, indicadores sociodemográficos e dados sobre tabagismo. Coletamos dados por meio de prontuários e por questionário auto-aplicado respondido pelas mães. Um dentista pediátrico examinou os recém-nascidos para lesões mucosas orais. A regressão logística foi utilizada para a análise bivariada e multivariada dos dados (α=5%). Resultados: Prevalência de tabagismo ativo (9,5%) e tabagismo passivo (4,2%) durante a gravidez foi baixo. O tabagismo ativo foi estatisticamente associado ao baixo peso ao nascer (OR: 2,4; 95%CI:1,1-5,3), às mães com menor escolaridade (OR: 0,2; 95%CI:0,1-0,5), e mães com idade ≥36 anos (OR: 4,9; 95%CI:1,2-20,0); enquanto o tabagismo passivo não esteve estatisticamente associado a nenhuma variável. Não houve associação entre tabagismo durante a gestação com nascimento prematuro e lesões orais de recém-nascidos. Conclusões: As prevalências de tabagismos passivo e ativo foram baixas. O tabagismo ativo esteve associado ao baixo peso ao nascer, à idade materna e à escolaridade da mãe, sugerindo influência social do comportamento do tabagismo entre a população com menor escolaridade. Não houve associação entre tabagismo ativo e passivo com prematuridade e lesões de mucosa oral em recém-nascido. (AU)