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The intricate regulation of flowering time in response to day length has been extensively shown. A recent study has now revealed a similar mechanism for regulating vegetative growth. Wang et al. observed that plants measure daylength as the duration of photosynthesis and metabolite production to modulate vegetative growth.
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Due to specific bacterial microbiota, raw milk cheeses have appreciated sensory properties. However, they may pose a threat to consumer safety due to potential pathogens presence. This study evaluated the microbiological contamination of 98 raw milk cheeses from Beira Baixa, Portugal. Presence and enumeration of Coagulase Positive Staphylococci (CPS), Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., pathogenic Escherichia coli, and indicator microorganisms (non-pathogenic E. coli and Listeria spp.) was attained. E. coli antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was also evaluated. PCR and/or Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize E. coli, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes isolates. Sixteen cheeses (16.3%) were classified as Satisfactory, 59 (60.2%) as Borderline and 23 (23.5%) as Unsatisfactory/Potential Injurious to Health. L. monocytogenes, CPS > 104 cfu g-1, Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and Salmonella spp. were detected in 4.1%, 6.1%, 3.1% and 1.0% of the samples, respectively. Listeria innocua (4.1%) and E. coli > 104 cfu g-1 (16.3%) were also detected. AMR E. coli was detected in 23/98 (23.5%) of the cheese samples, of which two were multidrug resistant. WGS identified genotypes already associated to human disease and Listeria spp. cluster analysis indicated that cheese contamination might be related with noncompliance with Good Hygiene Practices during cheese production.
Assuntos
Queijo , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Leite , Queijo/microbiologia , Portugal , Animais , Leite/microbiologia , Inocuidade dos Alimentos , Listeria monocytogenes/genética , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação , Listeria monocytogenes/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Higiene , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , HumanosRESUMO
Among the adenylate carriers identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, only the AMP/ATP transporter ADNT1 shows increased expression in roots under waterlogging stress conditions. Here, we investigated the impact of a reduced expression of ADNT1 in A. thaliana plants submitted to waterlogging conditions. For this purpose, an adnt1 T-DNA mutant and two ADNT1 antisense lines were evaluated. Following waterlogging, ADNT1 deficiency resulted in a reduced maximum quantum yield of PSII electron transport (significantly for adnt1 and antisense Line 10), indicating a higher impact caused by the stress in the mutants. In addition, ADNT1 deficient lines showed higher levels of AMP in roots under nonstress condition. This result indicates that the downregulation of ADNT1 impacts the levels of adenylates. ADNT1-deficient plants exhibited a differential expression pattern of hypoxia-related genes with an increase in non-fermenting-related-kinase 1 (SnRK1) expression and upregulation of adenylate kinase (ADK) under stress and non-stress conditions. Together, these results indicated that the lower expression of ADNT1 is associated with an early "hypoxic status" due to the perturbation of the adenylate pool caused by reduced AMP import by mitochondria. This perturbation, which is sensed by SnRK1, results in a metabolic reprogramming associated with early induction of the fermentative pathway in ADNT1 deficient plants.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial , Humanos , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Hipóxia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial/genética , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial/metabolismoRESUMO
Cofactors are fundamental to the catalytic activity of enzymes. Additionally, because plants are a critical source of several cofactors (i.e., including their vitamin precursors) within the context of human nutrition, there have been several studies aiming to understand the metabolism of coenzymes and vitamins in plants in detail. For example, compelling evidence has been brought forth regarding the role of cofactors in plants; specifically, it is becoming increasingly clear that an adequate supply of cofactors in plants directly affects their development, metabolism, and stress responses. Here, we review the state-of-the-art knowledge on the significance of coenzymes and their precursors with regard to general plant physiology and discuss the emerging functions attributed to them. Furthermore, we discuss how our understanding of the complex relationship between cofactors and plant metabolism can be used for crop improvement.
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Coenzimas , Vitaminas , Humanos , Coenzimas/metabolismo , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos VegetaisRESUMO
Salmonella enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota frequently display several genetic mobile elements making them potential spreaders of resistance genes. Here, we phenotypically determined the antibiotic resistance profile and subsequently performed whole-genome sequencing on 36 isolates recovered from samples of fresh poultry meat, within the Portuguese Official Inspection Plan for Imported Foodstuffs. Several isolates of both serovars showed high genetic relatedness either with isolates from raw poultry meat imported to the Netherlands from Brazil or with isolates from samples from the broiler production chain in Brazil. The multidrug-resistant (MDR) character was common to the vast majority (94.4%) of isolates from both serovars, and several isolates carried the plasmid IncA/C2 containing the ß-lactamase gene blaCMY-2 and IncX1 containing a type IV secretion system. These results somehow mirror the scenario observed in the Netherlands, showing the introduction, through fresh imported poultry meat in compliance with European legislation, of MDR Salmonella enterica serovars Heidelberg and Minnesota in Europe, with the potential spread of resistance markers. These data suggest the need to revise the hygiene criteria for foodstuffs monitoring before its placement on the market, with the determination of the resistome being an invaluable contribute to limit the dissemination of resistance markers.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carne/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Animais , Brasil , Galinhas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Plasmídeos/genética , Portugal , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
Atualmente, na indústria de bebidas, uma alternativa para aumentar o valor nutritivo ou mesmo desenvolver novos sabores tem sido a mistura de produtos na formulação de bebidas mistas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma bebida mista de palma forrageira e goiaba. Foram avaliadas quatro formulações com diferentes concentrações de palma e de sólidos solúveis, mantendo-se constante a concentração de goiaba. As formulações foram submetidas à caracterização química (pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, vitamina C), avaliação sensorial (sabor, cor, corpo e aceitação global) e análises microbiológicas (coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella e Estaphylococcus aureus). Todas as formulações foram bem aceitas sensorialmente e não apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,5) entre elas, estando o nível de aceitação entre "gostei ligeiramente" e "gostei moderadamente" para todos os atributos avaliados. A bebida mista formulada apresentou-se dentro dos parâmetros químicos e microbiológicos fixados pela legislação brasileira, exceto para o pH, o qual se apresentou acima do ideal para produtos industrializados. Em relação às análises microbiológicas, nenhuma das formulações apresentou presença de microrganismos. Os resultados mostraram que o produto elaborado encontra-se de acordo com os padrões de identidade e qualidade para bebidas e com uma boa aceitação sensorial, tornando-se um produto com potencial para industrialização.
Nowadays, in the beverage industry, the mixture of products became an alternative to increase the nutritional value or even to develop new flavors in the formulation of mixed drinks. The objective of this work was to develop a mixed drink of forrageira palm with guava. Four formulations with different palm concentrations and soluble solids were evaluated, keeping the concentration of guava stable. The products were submitted to chemical characterization (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C) sensory evaluation (flavor, color, body and global acceptance) and microbiological analysis (total coliforms and thermotolerants, Salmonella and Estaphylococcus aureus). All the samples were well accepted in the sensory aspect and did not present any significant difference (p<0,5) among them. And the level of acceptance ranged from "I liked it slightly." to "I liked it moderately." for all the evaluated features. The formulated mixed drink was according to the chemical and microbiological patterns set by Brazilian laws, except for the pH that was above the ideal level for industrialized products. In respect of the microbiological analysis, none of the formulations presented microorganisms. The results showed that the elaborated product is in accordance with the identity and quality standards established for beverages. It also has a good sensory acceptance, which makes it a product with high potential for industrialization.
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Humanos , Bebidas/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Opuntia , Psidium , Paladar , Bebidas/microbiologia , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Nowadays, in the beverage industry, the mixture of products became an alternative to increase the nutritional value or even to develop new flavors in the formulation of mixed drinks. The objective of this work was to develop a mixed drink of forrageira palm with guava. Four formulations with different palm concentrations and soluble solids were evaluated, keeping the concentration of guava stable. The products were submitted to chemical characterization (pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C) sensory evaluation (flavor, color, body and global acceptance) and microbiological analysis (total coliforms and thermotolerants, Salmonella and Estaphylococcus aureus). All the samples were well accepted in the sensory aspect and did not present any significant difference (p < 0.5) among them. And the level of acceptance ranged from "I liked it slightly." to "I liked it moderately." for all the evaluated features. The formulated mixed drink was according to the chemical and microbiological patterns set by Brazilian laws, except for the pH that was above the ideal level for industrialized products. In respect of the microbiological analysis, none of the formulations presented microorganisms. The results showed that the elaborated product is in accordance with the identity and quality standards established for beverages. It also has a good sensory acceptance, which makes it a product with high potential for industrialization.
Assuntos
Bebidas/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Opuntia , Psidium , Paladar , Bebidas/microbiologia , Humanos , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Por ser tumor raro e de comportamento variável, o osteossarcoma múltiplo apresenta pontos de discussäo no que se refere a sua natureza multicêntrica ou metastática. Relata-se um caso observado no Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias (HNMD) e tecem-se comentários, baseados na literatura consultada