RESUMO
Características do rebanho e práticas de manejo associadas à contagem de células somáticas do leite do tanque (CCSLT) foram estudadas em 175 rebanhos envolvidos em programas de acompanhamento entre junho de 2000 e dezembro de 2001. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de aplicação de questionários. Os rebanhos foram classificados em dois grupos de acordo com a média geométrica de seis CCSL T mensais, consecutivas, tendo como referência o valor de 500.000 células/ml. Os métodos estatísticos utilizados foram a análise exploratória dos dados e os modelos logísticos de regressão. Procedimentos relacionados ao controle e à prevenção de mastite foram adotados por pequeno número de rebanhos. O tipo de ordenha (manual, mecânica canalizada e balde-ao-pé), a idade média dos rebanhos, o local de ordenha e a realização de exames dos primeiros jatos de leite não foram associados à alta CCSLT. Os fatores associados à alta CCSLT foram a não adoção de linha de ordenha, a alimentação durante a ordenha e a ausência de anti-sepsia dos tetos após a ordenha.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Leite/citologia , Mastite Bovina/complicações , Mastite Bovina/prevenção & controle , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Características do rebanho e práticas de manejo associadas à contagem de células somáticas do leite do tanque (CCSLT) foram estudadas em 175 rebanhos envolvidos em programas de acompanhamento entre junho de 2000 e dezembro de 2001. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de aplicação de questionários. Os rebanhos foram classificados em dois grupos de acordo com a média geométrica de seis CCSLT mensais, consecutivas, tendo como referência o valor de 500.000 células/ml. Os métodos estatísticos utilizados foram a análise exploratória dos dados e os modelos logísticos de regressão. Procedimentos relacionados ao controle e à prevenção de mastite foram adotados por pequeno número de rebanhos. O tipo de ordenha (manual, mecânica canalizada e balde-ao-pé), a idade média dos rebanhos, o local de ordenha e a realização de exames dos primeiros jatos de leite não foram associados à alta CCSLT. Os fatores associados à alta CCSLT foram a não adoção de linha de ordenha, a alimentação durante a ordenha e a ausência de anti-sepsia dos tetos após a ordenha.(AU)
Herd features and management practices associated with high bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) were studied in 175 dairy herds enrolled on BMSCC programs. Herds data were obtained from June/2000 to December/2001 by questionnaires application. Herds were classified according to the geometric mean of six consecutive BMSCC records. Exploratory analysis and logistic regression models were the statistical analysis applied. Procedures about mastitis control and prevention were adopted in a few herds. Type of milking (machine or hand milking), herd age, milking place (milking parlour, pen, corral) and strip test practice (first streams of milk) were not associated with high BMSCC. Factors associated with high BMSCC were the following: do not milk clinical mastitic cows at the end of milking, feeding cows at milking and absence of post milking teat disinfection.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Fatores de Risco , Mastite Bovina/prevenção & controle , Mastite Bovina/complicações , Leite/citologia , BovinosRESUMO
Chi-square test and correspondence analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between class of milk somatic cells count (0-300,000; 301,000-600,000; and >600,000 cells/ml) and type of milking in data from 87 herds that comprised manual and machine milking. Chi-square test showed no relationship between process of milking and class of milk somatic cells count but the correspondence analysis showed higher relationship between manual milking and class of somatic cells count >600,000 cells/ml in comparison to the other classes of somatic cells count (0-300,000 and 301,000-600,000 cells/ml). The graphic representation of the correspondence analysis (dimension 1) showed similarity of somatic cells count for manual and pipeline milking systems
Assuntos
Contagem de Células , Epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Chi-square test and correspondence analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between class of milk somatic cells count (0-300,000; 301,000-600,000; and >600,000 cells/ml) and type of milking in data from 87 herds that comprised manual and machine milking. Chi-square test showed no relationship between process of milking and class of milk somatic cells count but the correspondence analysis showed higher relationship between manual milking and class of somatic cells count >600,000 cells/ml in comparison to the other classes of somatic cells count (0-300,000 and 301,000-600,000 cells/ml). The graphic representation of the correspondence analysis (dimension 1) showed similarity of somatic cells count for manual and pipeline milking systems.
RESUMO
The clinical and demographic characteristics of 86 Brazilian patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. The disease course was relapsing-remitting in 71% and chronic progressive in 29% of the cases. The IgG index was increased in 76% in the chronic progressive status and 46% and 49% during the bout and remission, respectively (p < 0.005). Only 36% of the MS patients using corticosteroids had increased IgG index, in comparison to the 64% of the patients without immunosupressive treatment. Oligoclonal IgG bands were detected in the CSF of 77% and 88% of the MS corticosteroids users and non-users, respectively. The quantitative study of intrathecal synthesis of IgG contributes to demonstrate the immunological differences between the two forms of MS, the relapsing-remitting and the chronic progressive. The treatment with corticosteroids decreases quantitatively the intrathecal synthesis of IgG but not the presence of oligoclonal bands.