RESUMO

The mangrove ecosystem plays a crucial role in preserving the biodiversity of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are essential for materials cycles. However, the exploration of endophytic fungi isolated from mangroves, particulary in Santa Catarina (SC, Brazil), remains limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the biodiversity of endophytic fungi found in Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa, Rhizophora mangle, and Spartina alterniflora from two mangroves on the Island of Santa Catarina: one impacted by anthropic action (Itacorubi mangrove) and the other environmentally preserved (Ratones mangrove). Samplings were carried out between January 2020 and May 2021. Fungi were isolated from leaves, stems, and roots, identified, and clustered into groups through morphological characteristics. Further, a representative strain of each group was identified through ITS1 sequencing. A total of 373 isolates were obtained from plant tissues, of which 96 and 277 isolates were obtained from Itacorubi and Ratones mangroves, respectively. Molecular identification showed that the endophytic fungal community comprised at least 19 genera. The data on fungal community diversity revealed comparable diversity indices for genera in both mangroves. However, we observed differences in the total frequency of fungal genera between impacted (27.38%) and non-impacted (72.62%) mangroves. These findings suggest that anthropic activities in and around the Santa Catarina mangroves have had negative impact on the frequency of endophytic fungi. This emphasizes the reinforcing the significance of preserving these environments to ensure the maintenance of fungal community diversity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The discovery of biomolecules has been the subject of extensive research for several years due to their potential to combat harmful pathogens that can lead to environmental contamination and infections in both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile of endophytic fungi, namely Neofusicoccum parvum and Buergenerula spartinae, which were isolated from Avecinnia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa. We identified several HPLC-MS compounds, including Ethylidene-3,39-biplumbagin, Pestauvicolactone A, Phenylalanine, 2-Isopropylmalic acid, Fusaproliferin, Sespendole, Ansellone, Calanone derivative, Terpestacin, and others. Solid-state fermentation was conducted for 14-21 days, and methanol and dichloromethane extraction were performed to obtain a crude extract. The results of our cytotoxicity assay revealed a CC50 value > 500 µg/mL, while the virucide, Trypanosoma, leishmania, and yeast assay demonstrated no inhibition. Nevertheless, the bacteriostatic assay showed a 98% reduction in Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Our findings suggest that these endophytic fungi species with distinct chemical profiles represent a promising niche for further exploring new biomolecules.

RESUMO

Mangroves are ecosystems with unique characteristics due to the high salinity and amount of organic matter that house a rich biodiversity. Fungi have aroused much interest as they are an important natural source for the discovery of new bioactive compounds, with potential biotechnological and pharmacological interest. This review aims to highlight endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove plant species and the isolated bioactive compounds and their bioactivity against protozoa, bacteria and pathogenic viruses. Knowledge about this type of ecosystem is of great relevance for its preservation and as a source of new molecules for the control of pathogens that may be of importance for human, animal and environmental health.

RESUMO

Background: Ocular biometrics is an easy to perform, safe, non-invasive and low-cost exam that provides immediate resultswith excellent definition. Brachycephalic dogs have a high risk of developing eye problems, and the early appearance isfrequent due to factors linked to anatomical conformation. The aim of the present study was to perform eye biometrics inFrench Bulldog dogs through ultrasound, correlating with body and head size.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical examination, ophthalmic examination and ocular biometrics were performed usingB-mode ultrasonography, using a 10 megahertz frequency transducer in 30 French Bulldog dogs, aged 1-6 years old, maleand females from the Br Lords Staff kennel and the Radiovet - Rio de Janeiro veterinary clinic. A drop of anesthetic eyedrops containing 1% tetracaine hydrochloride and 0.1% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled and the direct contacttechnique was performed with the cornea with the help of sterile water-soluble lubricating acoustic gel between the transducerand the examined eye. These measurements were correlated with cephalic measurements (frontal-occipital distance, skullcircumference, distance between the zygomatic arches and frontal-nasal distance) and with body measurements (lengthof the dog from the cranial end of the sternum to the ischial tuberosity and height of the withers from the cranial angleof the scapula to the ground). No chemical restraint was necessary. Dogs were positioned seated or in sternal decubitus,with slight physical restraint. All measurements were performed by the same examiner. There was no significant difference between the parameters of male and female eye biometrics and there was no difference between the measurementsof the right and left eyes. The mean value of axial bulb length was 19.51 ± 0.58 mm, for the thickness of the lens, 6.71 ±0.66 mm, for depth of the anterior chamber, 2.36 ± 0.89 mm and for the depth of the vitreous chamber...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Ocular biometrics is an easy to perform, safe, non-invasive and low-cost exam that provides immediate resultswith excellent definition. Brachycephalic dogs have a high risk of developing eye problems, and the early appearance isfrequent due to factors linked to anatomical conformation. The aim of the present study was to perform eye biometrics inFrench Bulldog dogs through ultrasound, correlating with body and head size.Materials, Methods & Results: Clinical examination, ophthalmic examination and ocular biometrics were performed usingB-mode ultrasonography, using a 10 megahertz frequency transducer in 30 French Bulldog dogs, aged 1-6 years old, maleand females from the Br Lord’s Staff kennel and the Radiovet - Rio de Janeiro veterinary clinic. A drop of anesthetic eyedrops containing 1% tetracaine hydrochloride and 0.1% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled and the direct contacttechnique was performed with the cornea with the help of sterile water-soluble lubricating acoustic gel between the transducerand the examined eye. These measurements were correlated with cephalic measurements (frontal-occipital distance, skullcircumference, distance between the zygomatic arches and frontal-nasal distance) and with body measurements (lengthof the dog from the cranial end of the sternum to the ischial tuberosity and height of the withers from the cranial angleof the scapula to the ground). No chemical restraint was necessary. Dogs were positioned seated or in sternal decubitus,with slight physical restraint. All measurements were performed by the same examiner. There was no significant difference between the parameters of male and female eye biometrics and there was no difference between the measurementsof the right and left eyes. The mean value of axial bulb length was 19.51 ± 0.58 mm, for the thickness of the lens, 6.71 ±0.66 mm, for depth of the anterior chamber, 2.36 ± 0.89 mm and for the depth of the vitreous chamber...

Assuntos

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The phenylpropanoid pathway is an important route of secondary metabolism involved in the synthesis of different phenolic compounds such as phenylpropenes, anthocyanins, stilbenoids, flavonoids, and monolignols. The flux toward monolignol biosynthesis through the phenylpropanoid pathway is controlled by specific genes from at least ten families. Lignin polymer is one of the major components of the plant cell wall and is mainly responsible for recalcitrance to saccharification in ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Here, we identified and characterized sugarcane candidate genes from the general phenylpropanoid and monolignol-specific metabolism through a search of the sugarcane EST databases, phylogenetic analysis, a search for conserved amino acid residues important for enzymatic function, and analysis of expression patterns during culm development in two lignin-contrasting genotypes. Of these genes, 15 were cloned and, when available, their loci were identified using the recently released sugarcane genomes from Saccharum hybrid R570 and Saccharum spontaneum cultivars. Our analysis points out that ShPAL1, ShPAL2, ShC4H4, Sh4CL1, ShHCT1, ShC3H1, ShC3H2, ShCCoAOMT1, ShCOMT1, ShF5H1, ShCCR1, ShCAD2, and ShCAD7 are strong candidates to be bona fide lignin biosynthesis genes. Together, the results provide information about the candidate genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis in sugarcane and may provide useful information for further molecular genetic studies in sugarcane.

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Objetivou identificar na literatura científica os riscos, agravos e adoecimentos entre trabalhadores atuantes em plataformas offshore. Revisão Integrativa de Literatura cuja busca inicial possibilitou a captação de 894 publicações nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SciElo e Lilacs. Após aplicação de critérios de inclusão e da leitura na íntegra, foram selecionados 17 artigos para o córpus de análise. A análise culminou na criação de duas categorias: riscos e agravos relacionados ao trabalho em plataformas offshore; riscos e agravos relacionados ao estilo de vida dos trabalhadores de plataformas offshore. A atividade laboral em plataformas offshore acarreta adoecimentos, tais como perda auditiva, distúrbios de sono, transtornos mentais, câncer, distúrbios cardiovasculares e esclerose múltipla. As atividades de prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde são essenciais, sobretudo vinculadas à atuação de equipes de saúde capazes de orientar trabalhadores, principalmente no estímulo à prática de hábitos saudáveis.

This work aimed to identify in the scientific literature the risks, injuries, and illnesses among professionals working on offshore platforms. This is an Integrative Literature Review whose initial search found 894 publications in the electronic databases Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, SciElo, and Lilacs. After applying the inclusion criteria and reading in full, seventeen articles were selected for the corpus of analysis. The analysis culminated in the creation of two categories: risks and injuries related to working on offshore platforms, and risks and injuries related to the lifestyle of offshore platform workers. Working on offshore platforms leads to illnesses, such as hearing loss, sleep disorders, mental disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and multiple sclerosis. Disease prevention and health promotion activities are essential for this population, in particular those linked to the work of health teams capable of guiding workers, especially in encouraging the practice of healthy habits.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma dose única de afoxolaner oral no controle de pulgas em gatos. Foram utilizados 14 gatos. Os animais foram identificados, alojados individualmente, infestados artificialmente com C. felis felis e tratados (ou não) com afoxolaner. Foram divididos em um grupo de tratamento e um grupo controle (n = 7/ grupo), com base na contagem de pulgas, horas após a infestação aplicada no dia (alocação de um por um após o período por contagem). No início do protocolo experimental (dia 0), o grupo tratado recebeu afoxolaner em dose inicial de 2,5 mg / kg e os animais do grupo controle receberam um placebo. Todos os animais foram infestados com 100 pulgas C. felis felis dois dias antes do dia 0, assim como nos dias 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 63, sendo avaliadas as cargas parasitárias às 48 h após cada infestação. A eficácia do afoxolaner foi de 100% no dia 2 e permaneceu acima de 98% até o dia 42, diminuindo para 95,3% no dia 63. Os resultados confirmam que uma dose única de afoxolaner oral foi eficaz no controle de C. felis felis em gatos, e não houve eventos adversos observados.

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Plant essential oils are regarded as interesting alternative tools to be integrated into the management of pest insects. However, as they generally consist of mixtures of numerous molecules, the physiological basis for their action is unresolved. Here, we evaluated the effects of essential oil of the Neotropical plant Siparuna guianensis Aubl., commonly known as Negramina, against an important pest insect: the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and also in two non-target natural enemies: the ladybeetle predators Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) and Eriopis connexa (Germar). In addition, we conducted a computational docking analysis for predicting the physical interactions between the two Negramina essential oil major constituents: ß-myrcene and 2-undocanone, and the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as potential binding receptors in the aphid and ladybeetles. As the most important results, Negramina essential oil caused mortality in M. persicae aphids with an LC95 = 1.08 mg/cm2, and also significantly repelled the aphids at concentrations as low as 0.14 mg/cm2. Our computational docking analysis reinforced such selectivity actions as the Negramina essential oil major compounds (i.e., ß-myrcene and 2-undocanone) bound to the TRP channels of M. persicae but not to ladybeetle-related TRP channels. Interestingly, the exposure to the Negramina essential oil did not affect the predatory abilities of C. maculata but increased the abilities of E. connexa to prey upon M. persicae. Collectively, our findings provided a physiological basis for the insecticidal and selectivity potential of Negramina essential oil, reinforcing its potential as a tool to be used in integrated pest control programs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of oral afoxolaner in controlling fleas in cats. Fourteen cats were used. The cats were given identification numbers, housed individually, artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis, and treated (or not) with afoxolaner. Were divided into a treatment group and a control group (n = 7/group), on the basis of the fleas count hours after an infestation applied on Day (one-by-one allocation after ordering by count). At the start of the experimental protocol (designated day 0), the treated group received afoxolaner in a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg and the control group animals received a placebo. All animals were infested with 100 C. felis felis fleas two days before day 0, as well as on days 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54, and 63, parasite loads being evaluated at 48 h after each infestation. The efficacy of afoxolaner was 100% on day 2 and remained above 98% until day 42, decreasing to 95.3% by day 63. The findings confirm that a single dose of oral afoxolaner was effective in controlling C. felis felis in cats, and there were no observed adverse events.(AU)

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma dose única de afoxolaner oral no controle de pulgas em gatos. Foram utilizados 14 gatos. Os animais foram identificados, alojados individualmente, infestados artificialmente com C. felis felis e tratados (ou não) com afoxolaner. Foram divididos em um grupo de tratamento e um grupo controle (n = 7/ grupo), com base na contagem de pulgas, horas após a infestação aplicada no dia (alocação de um por um após o período por contagem). No início do protocolo experimental (dia 0), o grupo tratado recebeu afoxolaner em dose inicial de 2,5 mg / kg e os animais do grupo controle receberam um placebo. Todos os animais foram infestados com 100 pulgas C. felis felis dois dias antes do dia 0, assim como nos dias 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, 40, 47, 54 e 63, sendo avaliadas as cargas parasitárias às 48 h após cada infestação. A eficácia do afoxolaner foi de 100% no dia 2 e permaneceu acima de 98% até o dia 42, diminuindo para 95,3% no dia 63. Os resultados confirmam que uma dose única de afoxolaner oral foi eficaz no controle de C. felis felis em gatos, e não houve eventos adversos observados.(AU)

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Dor é um sintoma extremamente relevante, que acomete pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias e econômicas. Em estado grave, ela pode gerar problemas de incapacitação, dificultando a realização de atividades diárias, chegando a interferir no estado de humor, nas relações sociais e profissionais. É importante fazer parte do tratamento uma equipe multiprofissional qualificada e integrada que realize uma avaliação precisa de cada paciente, contendo questões de ordem biológica, emocional, sociocultural e ambiental que contribuem para o aumento da sensação de dor(AU)

Pain is an extremely relevant symptom, for all kind of people. In a high stage, incapacitation problems may start in consequence of it, affecting oneÆs effectiveness on daily activities. Pain can also affect humor at work and in social meetings. It is important that an integrated and well trained staff evaluates every patient, making a comprehensive study including biological, emotional, social and environmental questions that contribute to raise pain sensation(AU)