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INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity is the fourth biggest risk factor for global mortality. In Brazilian metallurgical industries, workers present a high incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms as one of the main causes of absenteeism. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of physical activity levels and leisure-time physical exercise on musculoskeletal symptoms and absenteeism among administrative and production workers of a metallurgical industry. METHODS: This is a transversal study that included 206 workers. We applied the Modified Baecke Questionnaire, leisure-time physical activity and leisure-time physical exercise domains), as well as the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire regarding symptom occurrence and severity scores (1-4), and compared levels of absenteeism. Our sample was divided into 2 groups: production and office workers. RESULTS: We observed a significant difference between the groups regarding symptom severity score 3 (p = 0.03) and absenteeism (p = 0.02); the production group presented higher results. There was a correlation between leisure-time physical exercise and absenteeism (r = -0.57, p = 0.01) and between leisure-time physical activity and absenteeism (r = -0.55, p = 0.01) in the production worker group, whereas in the office worker group, leisure-time physical activity and symptom severity score 4 were correlated (r = 0.63, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Production workers presented higher occurrences of symptom severity score 3 and absenteeism; increased levels of leisure-time physical activity and physical exercise reduced absenteeism. Leisure-time physical activity was correlated with severity score 4 in the office worker group.
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BACKGROUND: Physical training, regardless of the presence of concurrent weight loss, provides numerous health benefits for individuals who are overweight and obese and have or are at risk for cardiovascular disease. PURPOSE: The purpose of this review was to identify different types of physical training programs (aerobic, resistance, or combined), with or without counseling/diet modifications, and their impact on physical fitness in individuals who have class II and III obesity. DATA SOURCES: Medline and Medline In-Process, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and PubMed were searched up to June 2017. STUDY SELECTION: This review had the following inclusion criteria: body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2 and age 18 years or older; supervised physical training program; randomized controlled trial; physical fitness outcome (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and/or flexibility); in English or Portuguese; and available full-text article. DATA EXTRACTION: Three reviewers independently extracted data, assessed study risk of bias using the Cochrane tool, and discussed disagreements until consensus was reached. DATA SYNTHESIS: Of the 9460 identified articles, 26 were included and 8 were used in a meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed improvements in walking speed and maximal oxygen uptake but not knee extension strength in the intervention groups. The Cochrane risk-of-bias score indicated that the majority of the data were from randomized controlled trials with a low or unclear risk of bias. LIMITATIONS: The large variability of outcomes and interventions made comparisons difficult. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, in addition to diet modifications, may improve cardiovascular and muscular endurance in individuals with class II and III obesity. However, conclusions must be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures among the studies and an unclear risk of bias in several studies.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Obesidade/reabilitação , Aptidão Física , Treinamento Resistido , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Terapia Combinada , Aconselhamento , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Obesidade/classificação , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Resistência Física , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Velocidade de CaminhadaRESUMO
Resumo O objetivo foi verificar o efeito de um treinamento físico aquático (TFA) na aptidão física e capacidade funcional de obesas graus II e III. Foram estudadas 14 mulheres com 34,2 ± 8,3 anos e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 44,76 ± 10,08 kg/m2 que fizeram TFA de 12 semanas. Foram avaliados o IMC e as medidas de circunferências, capacidade aeróbia e funcional pelos testes: degrau seis minutos; sentar e levantar e sentar e alcançar, antes e após o TFA. Evidenciou-se redução significativa na massa corporal, IMC e circunferência da cintura, assim como aumento (p < 0,05) na força de membros inferiores, flexibilidade e capacidade aeróbia e funcional. Concluiu-se que o TFA proposto melhorou a aptidão física e a capacidade funcional de obesas graus II e III.
Abstract The objective was to investigate the effect of an aquatic physical training (APT) on physical fitness and functional capacity of grades II and III obese women. The study included 14 women aged 34.2 ± 8.3 years and body mass index (BMI) of 44.76 ± 10.08 kg/m2 who underwent APT for 12 weeks. BMI and measures of circumferences, aerobic and functional capacity were evaluated by means of tests: six-minute step; sit-to-stand; and sit-and-reach, before and after the APT. There was a significant reduction in body mass, BMI and waist circumference as well as an increase (p < 0.05) in lower limb strength, flexibility and aerobic and functional capacity. The proposed APT improved the physical fitness and the functional capacity of grades II and III obese women.
Resumen El objetivo fue comprobar el efecto de un entrenamiento físico acuático (EFA) en la aptitud física y la capacidad funcional de mujeres obesas de los grados II y III. Se estudiaron 14 mujeres con edad de 34,2±8,3 años e índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 44,76±10,08 kg/m2 que realizaron entrenamiento físico acuático de 12 semanas. Se evaluaron el IMC y las medidas de perímetros, capacidad aeróbica y funcional de las pruebas: simulador de escalera durante 6 minutos; sentarse y levantarse, y sentarse y estirarse, antes y después del entrenamiento físico acuático. Se evidenció una reducción importante de la masa corporal, IMC y perímetro de la cintura, así como aumento (p< 0,05) de la fuerza de miembros inferiores, flexibilidad y capacidad aeróbica y funcional. Se concluye que el entrenamiento físico acuático propuesto mejoró la aptitud física y la capacidad funcional de mujeres obesas de los grados II y III.
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O sedentarismo é fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade infantil, condições que se associam à dislipidemia, hipertensão arterial e resistência insulínica, entre outras alterações. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e a associação com o padrão de atividade física em escolares da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Corumbá (MS). Foi realizado estudo analítico transversal em uma amostra de 403 escolares, com idade entre sete e 10 anos, no qual se consideraram com risco de sobrepeso e sobrepeso as crianças com percentis de IMC < 85 e < 90 e < 90, respectivamente. O índice de atividade física foi determinado por meio de questionário elaborado especificamente para o estudo, obtendo-se dados sobre a duração (minutos), intensidade (equivalente metabólico) e gasto calórico (kcalorias) das atividades físicas ativas e sedentárias. Verificou-se prevalência de 6,2 por cento e 6,5 por cento para risco de sobrepeso e sobrepeso, respectivamente, com prevalência maior nas meninas do que nos meninos. A maioria das atividades físicas realizadas pelas crianças foi leve (< 3 METs) e moderada (3 a 6 METs) e nenhuma atividade física vigorosa (> 6 METs) foi registrada. Quanto maior a idade, menor o tempo despendido nas atividades físicas ativas. Constatou-se que crianças eutróficas são mais ativas, praticam atividades físicas mais intensas e gastam menos tempo assistindo à televisão e jogando videogames do que as crianças com sobrepeso. Os dados evidenciam a importância em promover mudanças no estilo de vida com a adoção de hábitos saudáveis, desde a infância, e a sua manutenção por toda a vida. Crianças ativas favorecem uma população adulta também ativa e saudável contribuindo, conseqüentemente, para a redução da incidência de morbidade e mortalidade na idade adulta.
A sedentary life style is a factor of risk for the development of overweight and childhood obesity, conditions associated with dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and insulin resistance, among other disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and the association with the profile of physical activity in Municipal Schools in Corumbá - MS. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 403 pupils, aged 7-10 years, in which children with Body Mass Index (BMI) values > 85th and < 95th and > 95th percentile were classified in risk of overweight and overweight, respectively. The index of physical activity was determined by a specific questionnaire for the study, to obtain data about duration (minutes), intensity (metabolic equivalent) and energy expenditure (kcalories) of both active and sedentary physical activities. A prevalence of 6.2 percent e 6.5 percent to risk of overweight and overweight, respectively, was verified, with higher prevalence in girls than in boys. Most physical activities performed by children were light (< 3 METs) and moderated (3 a 6 METs); no vigorous (> 6 METs) physical activity was recorded. The older the children, the lesser the time spent in active physical activities. Normal-weight children are more active, practice more intense physical activities and spend less time watching television and playing video-games than overweight children. The data emphasize the importance of promoting changes in the life-style through the introduction of healthy habits, since infancy, and their maintenance for the whole life. Active children favor an active healthy adult population too, which can contribute, consequently, for a reduction in the incidence of morbidity and mortality at adulthood.
El sedentarismo es el factor de riesgo principal para el desarrollo de sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil, creando condiciones que asocian la dislipidemia, hipertensión arterial y la resistencia a la insulina, entre otras alteraciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de evaluar el estado nutritivo y la asociación con un modelo de actividad física en los escolares de la Red Municipal de Ensino en Corumbá (MS). Se realizó un estudio analítico que fue cumplido en una muestra de 403 escolares, con edades entre 7 y 10 años considerando riesgo de sobrepeso y sobrepeso los niños con percentil de CMI < 85 y < 90 y < 90, respectivamente. El índice de actividad física fue medido a través de una encuesta elaborada específicamente para este estudio, obteniéndose los datos sobre la duración (minutos), intensidad (equivalente metabólico) y el gasto calórico (el kcalorias) de las actividades físico en los activos y los sedentarios. Se verificó un predominio de 6,2 por ciento y 6,5 por ciento para el riesgo de sobrepeso y sobrepeso, respectivamente, con el predominio más grande en las muchachas que en los muchachos. La mayoría de las actividades físicas lograda por los niños eran ligeras (< 3 METs) y moderadas (3 a 6 METs) aún así, cualquier actividad física vigorosa (> 6 METs) fue registrada. Cuanto más grande la edad, más pequeño el tiempo gastato en las actividades físico activas. Se verificó que los niños eutróficos son más activos, que practican las actividades físicas más intensas y gastan menos tiempo asistiendo a la televisión y jugando con video-juegos que los niños con el sobrepeso. Los datos evidencian la importancia de la promoción de los cambios en el estilo de vida con la adopción de hábitos saludables, desde la niñez, y el mantenimiento de la misma para una vida. Los niños activos también favorecen una población adulta contribuyendo a una vida activa y saludable, por consiguiente, para la reducción de la incidencia del morbilidad y mortalidad...