RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of an oral cancer screening program at the Barretos Cancer Hospital (BCH) and present the outcome based on data obtained from 2014 to 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The residents of the Regional Health District of Barretos (DRS-V) were personally invited by community health agents or nurses, and among 13,973 people, 15,222 oral examinations were carried out over the years in 18 of its municipalities. Oral examinations were performed at the Mobile Dental Unit and at the Prevention Department of the BCH. Inclusion criteria were being 35 years of age or older, having a personal history of tobacco or alcohol consumption, or having a lesion in the oral cavity found by community health agent or self-reported, regardless of age or risk factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main result of our study was the stages of oral cancer among screen detected cases were smaller compared to cases in the hospital registry, in the state and in Brazil. Oral cancer detection rate per 1,000 oral examinations was 10.7.The early stages of oral cancer found by screening in primary care facilities or using mobile units suggest that, when organized, screening may improve the prognosis of oral cancer.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Neoplasias Bucais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Programas de Rastreamento/métodosRESUMO
Due to karstic bedrock geology and poor wastewater management practices, anthropogenic activities are impacting water quality in Yucatan's aquatic systems. Specifically, raw wastewater inputs to the aquifer subsequently flow to coastal lagoons through groundwater fluxes. This study establishes the presence of anthropogenic wastewater by measuring caffeine and its metabolite, paraxanthine, in four of Yucatan's major coastal lagoons: Celestun, Chelem, Dzilam de Bravo, and Ria Lagartos. Concentrations of caffeine ranged from non-detected (ND) to 2390 ng L-1 and paraxanthine from ND to 212 ng L-1, which correspond with pollution threats from anthropogenic wastewater inputs. The potential sources are: (1) direct in situ discharges from nearby urban settlements; and (2) contribution from submerged groundwater discharges. Overall, results indicate the potential of caffeine as an environmental tracer of anthropogenic wastewater contamination for the region.
Assuntos
Água Subterrânea , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Cafeína/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , México , Teofilina , Águas Residuárias , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Merida is the largest urban center in the Mexican State of Yucatan. Here domestic sewage is deposited in poorly built septic tanks and is not adequately treated. Because of contamination from such waste, water from the top 20 m of the aquifer is unsuitable for human consumption. Given this situation and because children are highly vulnerable to environmental pollution, including exposure to toxic trace elements, this study focused on evaluating the exposure of children to arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) in water. It also evaluated the relationship between the levels of these elements in water and their concentrations in urine and blood. Among the 33 children monitored in the study, arsenic surpassed WHO limits for blood in 37% of the cases, which could result from the ingestion of poultry contaminated with organoarsenic compounds. In the case of WHO limits for Mercury, 65% of the water samples analyzed, 28% of urine samples, and 12% of blood samples exceeded them. Mercury exposure was correlated with biological sex, some lifestyle factors, and the zone in Merida in which children live. These data suggest that the levels of some toxic metals in children may be affected by water source, socioeconomic factors, and individual behavior.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos , Poluentes Ambientais/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Animais , Arsênio/análise , Arsênio/sangue , Arsênio/metabolismo , Arsênio/urina , Criança , Cromo/análise , Cromo/metabolismo , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Água Subterrânea/química , Humanos , Mercúrio/análise , Mercúrio/sangue , Mercúrio/metabolismo , México , Esgotos , Suínos , Oligoelementos/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Studies investigating the correlation between metal content in water and metal levels in children are scarce worldwide, but especially in developing nations. Therefore, this study investigates the correlation between arsenic, chromium, and mercury concentrations in drinking and cooking water and in blood and urine samples collected from healthy and supposedly non-exposed children from a rural area in Yucatan, Mexico. Mercury in water shows concentrations above the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) value for drinking and cooking water. Also, 25% of the children show mercury in urine above the WHO recommended value. Multivariate analyses show a significant role for drinking and cooking water as a vector of exposure in children. Also, the factor analysis shows chronic exposure in the case of arsenic, as well as an ongoing detoxification process through urine in the case of mercury. Further studies should be done in order to determine other potential metal exposure pathways among children.
Assuntos
Arsênio , Cromo , Ingestão de Líquidos , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Mercúrio , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Arsênio/sangue , Arsênio/urina , Criança , Cromo/sangue , Cromo/urina , Água Potável/análise , Água Potável/normas , Humanos , Mercúrio/sangue , Mercúrio/urina , México , População Rural , Poluentes Químicos da Água/sangue , Poluentes Químicos da Água/urinaRESUMO
This study investigated the influence of geochemical and environmental factors on seasonal variation in metals in Yucatan's Chelem lagoon. Anthropogenic activities discharge non-treated wastewater directly into it with detrimental environmental consequences. Accordingly, this study established the spatial and temporal patterns of fine grain sediments and concentrations of heavy metals. Multivariate analyses showed fine grain facies deposition, transition sites dominated by fine grain transport, and fine grain erosion sites. Spatial and temporal variations of heavy metals concentration were significant for Cd, Cu, Cr, and Pb. As, Cd, and Sn were as much as 12 times higher than SQuiRTs standards (Buchman 2008). The results indicate that aquifer water is bringing metals from relatively far inland and releasing them into the lagoon. Thus, it appears that the contamination of this lagoon is highly complex and must take into account systemic connections with inland anthropogenic activates and pollution, as well as local factors.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Metais Pesados/análise , Estações do Ano , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Arsênio/análise , Geografia , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Geologia , México , Análise MultivariadaRESUMO
Rapid development in Yucatan has had a dramatic impact on the environment, especially the water supply. Groundwater is the only source of water in Yucatan, since surface water is virtually absent due to the karstic nature of the soil. The ring of cenotes (RC) is a geological feature which functions as a source of water and as nodes in the underground river system that canalizes water towards the coast. Numerous productive and domestic activities take place around the RC in the absence of wastewater treatment or sewage systems. Consequently, a number of researchers have hypothesized that pollutants could migrate from the land surface to the underlying aquifer and, eventually, to the coast. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship among sources of fecal sterols and their levels in cenotes, using the expected levels of fecal sterols obtained by a spatial analysis of the sources and a Pollution Source Index. Accordingly, expected levels are compared with the detected levels of fecal sterols in 5 areas around the RC. Regarding levels, observed during a sampling campaign carried out along the RC during September 2011 (rainy season) and May 2012 (dry season), varied from low to high concentrations of sterols (0.5-2396.42 µg g(-1)) and fecal sterols (0.3-1690.18 µg g(-1)). These concentrations showed no relationship between neighboring cenotes, where similar fecal sterol concentrations or gradients were expected. When comparing expected fecal sterols levels with the detected ones, only two of the five analyzed areas concur, suggesting that no clear relationship exists among sources and fecal sterols levels at the regional scale. Multivariate analysis showed that fecal sterols were associated with sterols and fine grain particulates during the rainy season, which suggests co-transport. During the dry season, fecal sterols associated with fine grain particulate and organic matter, which indicates a change to a deposition phenomenon. These findings indicate that defining a relationship among sources and fecal sterols levels is highly difficult and this could be the result of the absorption or migration through an intricate conduit, crack, or fracture karst system. Nevertheless, the "source-levels approach", used in this study, was consistent for the northeast edge and the middle western part of the RC. New and more extensive research should be done to assess the environmental fate of fecal sterols, especially considering the intricate karstic system and its compound retention capacity.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Fezes/química , Água Subterrânea/análise , Estações do Ano , Esteróis/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , MéxicoRESUMO
Submerged electric arc discharge in liquids has shown to be a promising method for synthesizing a wide variety of nanomaterials. However, it requires an accurate current stability control to ensure the desired purity and structure of the products. The discharge stability control through light emission has been previously studied, but still requires further investigation to clarify the influence of some parameters. The present work has studied the solution's transmittance variation over time, the correlation between the arc light emission and the arc current, and the feasibility of controlling the arc current by using a specific wavelength of the arc light spectrum. Several limitations of the optoelectronic control were found at low currents (I < 50 A).
RESUMO
Presentamos nuestra experiencia con el uso de Enteroscopia de Doble Balón (EDB) en el manejo de la hemorragia gastrointestinal de origen desconocido. Evaluamos 38 pacientes con sangrado digestivo y estudios endoscópicos convencionales normales. En 30 de estos pacientes (78,9 %) se logró precisar el sitio de sangramiento, siendo la ectasia vascular (66,6 %) la principal causa de hemorragia. Todas las lesiones fueron tratadas con esclerosis y electrocoagulación con Argón Plasma. No hubo complicaciones. En conclusión, el método de EDB es efectivo y seguro en el manejo de la hemorragia gastrointestinal de origen desconocido.
We present our experience with the use of Double Balloon Endoscopy in the management of gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin. We evaluated 38 patients with G.I. bleeding and previously normal upper and lower endoscopy studies; resulting in 30 patients with pathological findings (78,9%). The most common lesion was Vascular Ectasia (66,6 %). All lesions were treated with the injection of hypertonic solutions and Argon plasma coagulation. There were no complications. In conclusion, the Double Balloon Enteroscopy is a useful and safe method in the management of G.I. bleeding of obscure origin.
RESUMO
Bay of Chetumal is a transboundary priority area for the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef Systems project, which has been studied because it is the receiving body of pollutants from a large agricultural area and the city of Chetumal. Levels of persistent organic pollutants in sediments from the Bay were assessed a few years after a mass mortality event of Mayan catfish (Ariopsis assimilis) occurred in 1996. Recent sediments were collected in the rainy season (1999) and dry season (2000); results show concentrations in general lower than those reported after the fish kill, and a change of chemical profiles in chemical pollution.
Assuntos
Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Água do Mar/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos Clorados/análise , Inseticidas/análise , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análise , Estações do Ano , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
As the leading infectious killer of youths and adults, tuberculosis (TB) kills more women than all other causes of maternal mortality combined. The aim of this study is to investigate gender differences in the reported cases in Rio de Janeiro from January 1995 to December 1999. There were 18,428 females and 36,830 males, with a female:male ratio of 0.5; 30.8% (5676) of the female cases reported had had previous close contact with a tuberculosis case compared to 23.1% (8510) of the males. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis occurred in 3966 (21.5%) and 6521 (17.7%) women and men, respectively. Genitourinary tuberculosis had the highest female:male ratio.
Assuntos
Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Notificação de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Livers of catfish (Ariopsis assimilis) from the Bay of Chetumal were analyzed for organochlorine compounds and hydrocarbons as part of a study to diagnose the environmental health of the Bay after a catfish mass mortality that occurred in 1996. The presence of histological lesions in several organs of the fish as result of chemical exposure was also evaluated. The concentrations of organic pollutants found in the Bay may be considered high if compared to the levels reported for sites affected by chemical pollution. High prevalences of cellular alteration histopathologies were found in liver, including hepatic tumors. The presence of some lesions may be related statistically to environmental pollution in the Bay, specially with chlorinated compounds.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato , Hidrocarbonetos/intoxicação , Inseticidas/intoxicação , Neoplasias Hepáticas/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/veterinária , Fígado/patologia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/intoxicação , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental , MéxicoRESUMO
The effect of pollutants on the intensity of infection of metazoan parasites in the Mayan catfish, Ariopsis assimilis was investigated. Data were collected on pollutants and metazoan parasites from 76 catfish from five localities in Chetumal Bay in October, 1996. Nineteen pollutants (pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) were found in the catfish livers. Heavy metal content was not determined. Nineteen metazoan parasite species were recovered. After controlling for fish length and sampling station, there was a significant negative linear relationship between the intensity of the larval digenean Mesostephanus appendiculatoides and 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) concentrations. This negative relationship may be explained either by the effect of the pesticide on the mortality of (i) free-living larval forms, (ii) metacercariae in the fish, (iii) infected fish or (iv) intermediate host snails. There were significant differences between fish parasitized and not parasitized with M. appendiculatoides with respect to their DDT concentrations. There were also significant differences between the variances of the mean Clark's coefficient of condition values between catfish parasitized and not parasitized by M. appendiculatoides, with the variance of non-parasitized catfish being significantly larger. The results provided statistical evidence that DDT has a detrimental effect on M. appendiculatoides infection intensity. Furthermore, the significantly larger variance value of Clark's coefficient for non-parasitized fish suggested that DDT affects both the parasite and general host condition.
Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/parasitologia , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Poluição Química da Água , Animais , Carga Corporal (Radioterapia) , DDT/análise , Doenças dos Peixes/transmissão , Peixes , Inseticidas/análise , Fígado/química , México , Parasitos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/transmissão , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Água do Mar , Movimentos da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Centipedes are arthropods of the class Chilopoda. The objective of this work was to study the incidence of accidents involving centipedes at "Centro de Informações Toxicológicas de Belém" (CIT-Belém) over a two-year period. Seventy-six patients were studied from March 30, 1998 until March 30, 2000. Centipede accidents occurred in 16.8% of all accidents by venomous animals at Centro de Informações Toxicológicas de Belém; compared to snake accidents, 44.4 % and scorpion accidents, 20.5%. The majority of cases occurred in the residence (86.8%). The most important age group was 20-49 years old (64.4%). The part of human body mostly affected was the superior members (47.4 %). Local pain and edema were found in 95.8% and 52.1% of the patients, respectively. Treatment was symptomatic. Healing occurred in 94.7%, although the outcome of 5.3% of cases was unknown. Centipede accidents are a benign accident, occurring within the residence and treatment consists of measures to decrease the pain.
Assuntos
Artrópodes , Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from 219 different tuberculosis patients, 115 from patients residing in Rio de Janeiro, 79 from Rio Grande do Sul and the remaining from other regions of the country, were analyzed by IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting. The IS6110-DNA patterns from these strains were highly polymorphic: 174 different patterns were observed and 25 patterns were shared by 70 isolates (32%). Most strains (93.4%) had multicopy patterns and only 17% of clustered strains had less than six IS6110 copies. Strain clustering was significantly higher for isolates from Rio Grande do Sul (36.7%) in comparison with strains from Rio de Janeiro (22.6%), but only when using high stringency during cluster analysis. Upon screening of an international database containing 3,970 fingerprints of M. tuberculosis strains, 15% of the patterns of Brazilian strains (21% of the strains) were identical to a fingerprint of an isolate from another country and one particular eight-band pattern forming the largest Brazilian cluster was detected in seven additional countries, suggesting that international transmission of tuberculosis from and to Brazil could be occurring frequently. Alternatively,preferential use of certain IS6110 integration sites could also be important in high-copy number strains, having important consequences for the use of databases for epidemiological studies on a large scale.
Assuntos
Impressões Digitais de DNA , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Bases de Dados Factuais , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Brasil , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculose Pulmonar/transmissãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The host response to Mycobacteria focuses on the development of cell-mediated immunity and granuloma formation. Here, we investigated the onset of cellular responses to mycobacteria in murine pleurisy. MATERIAL: Distinct mouse strains previously described as Bcg susceptible or resistant were inoculated intrathoracically with different doses of live M. bovis BCG. METHODS: At various time intervals, cells harvested from the inflammatory site were identified and ultra-structurally analysed. RESULTS: BCG-induced pleurisy had two peaks of cellular influx at 1 and 15 days after infection. At the first half hour, macrophages were found to be heavily infected. Neutrophil arrival started after 2 h of infection and peaked at 4 h. At this time, neutrophils were found ingesting mycobacteria exclusively with a high infecting dose. BCG was potently more eosinophilotactic in Bcg susceptible mice than in the resistant ones and to other well known eosinophilia inducers: IL-5, PAF-acether or LPS. CONCLUSIONS: Mycobacterial load and mouse susceptibility seem to determine the early granulocyte dynamics in the lesion.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Vacina BCG/toxicidade , Eosinófilos/patologia , Pleura/patologia , Pleurisia/patologia , Animais , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Exsudatos e Transudatos/citologia , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Microscopia Eletrônica , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Pleurisia/induzido quimicamente , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Limited data are available on the cellular and immunocytological characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The immune host response against tuberculosis in early HIV-infection may differ from that in later stages of HIV disease, as is strongly suggested by different clinical and radiographic patterns. We studied the cellular elements in the lungs of 15 HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB/AIDS). The findings were compared with data from four other groups: 1) 15 HIV-seronegative patients with pulmonary TB; 2) 12 HIV-seropositive TB patients without previous AIDS-defining illnesses and with CD4+ >200 cells mm(-3); 3) five AIDS patients without pulmonary lesions; and 4) five healthy controls. BAL fluid and differential cell counts, as well as lymphocyte subsets, were determined. Despite a low CD4/CD8 ratio, the TB/AIDS group had a higher absolute number of CD8+ lymphocytes in the BAL fluid than the other groups. Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils were significantly increased in TB/AIDS patients compared to control groups. The number of eosinophils was increased in TB/HIV--patients but not in TB/AIDS patients. We conclude that tuberculosis in late stage HIV-infected patients has a distinct inflammatory cell profile, suggesting an enhanced compensatory mechanism that amplifies the unspecific inflammatory reaction.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Fagócitos/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologia , Adulto , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/citologia , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Linfócitos/imunologia , MasculinoRESUMO
We studied the kinetics of in vivo nitrite production in the inflammatory reaction induced by M. bovis BCG into the pleural space. Pleural macrophages harvested from C57Bl/6 mice after acute BCG infection produced high levels of nitric oxide (NO). Enhanced production was obtained upon stimulation with LPS plus IFN-gamma. In sharp contrast, macrophages from DBA-2 mice produced low levels of NO, as nitrite, at the same time interval (24 h after BCG infection), being completely refractory to further stimulation. After the third day, NO production was similar in both strains. There was a close relationship between nitrite levels in the pleural exudate in vivo and those produced by harvested macrophages in vitro. In this in vivo system, the pattern of NO production by pleural macrophages one day after BCG infection was discrepant and unexpected in the response of C57Bl/6 and DBA-2 mice. However, this early response did not affect the late progressive NO production in both mice strains, that may be responsible to the late control of the mycobacteria growth.
Assuntos
Macrófagos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Pleura/metabolismo , Animais , Inflamação/metabolismo , Interferon gama/farmacologia , Cinética , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Mycobacterium bovis , Nitritos/metabolismo , Ornitina/análogos & derivados , Ornitina/farmacologia , Pleurisia/metabolismo , Zimosan/farmacologiaRESUMO
The effect of environmental pollutants present in sediments obtained from Bahía de Chetumal, a bay on the border between Mexico and Belize, was studied in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intraperitoneally injected with sediment extracts from six different sites of the Bay. Sediment samples used for the study contained a variety of organic chemicals such as organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total cytochrome P-450 and EROD activity were measured in fish liver. Haematological and histological analyses were also carried out. Hepatic P-450 content in treated fish increased from 43 to 240%, and EROD activity from 85 to 160% compared to controls. Extracts from two sampling sites inhibited EROD activity. There were positive significant correlations between P-450 content and the levels of PCBs 44 and 128. EROD activity correlated to HCB, op'-DDE, pp'-DDE, pp'-DDD, mirex and PCB 18 concentrations. Blood examination showed cell degeneration and binucleated leukocytes with abnormal chromatin. Extract treatment also resulted in foci of hyperplasia on the basement of gill lamellae, hypertrophy and oedema in gills and liver necrosis. Control fish showed no abnormalities. The results demonstrate that sediments from Bahía of Chetumal have the potential to cause histopathological, haematological and biochemical alterations in fish. The administration of sediment extracts to fish may serve as a useful test to screen the toxicity of sediments from different areas.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/biossíntese , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Fígado/enzimologia , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Tilápia/metabolismo , Animais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/biossíntese , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/análise , Diclorodifenildicloroetano/análise , Indução Enzimática , Hexaclorobenzeno/análise , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A significant number of patients who have had cerebrovascular illness apparently recover their former abilities completely but return to normal life with subtle cognitive deficits which may affect their daily lives. Such is the situation of patients with transitory ischemic accidents who present with sustained, undiagnosed attention deficits. OBJECTIVES: To identify subclinical alterations due to attention deficits in patients with transitory ischemic accidents, and to contribute to the study of the physiopathological mechanisms involved in the integration of this function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We examined 44 persons, divided into three groups for this study: one group had vertebro-basilar transitory ischemic accidents, a second group had supratentorial infarct and a third was healthy. All were given a specially designed computerized test of continuous work to evaluate the sustained attention component. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between the transitory ischemic accidents and healthy groups, regarding the variables including correct answers, omissions and indications of attention. This was not seen with the variables involving reaction time and number of errors. This demonstrated the existence of attention disorders involving omission in the group of patients with transitory ischemic accidents. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the hypothesis that in the vertebro-basilar region there are important mechanisms involved in the process of sustained attention.
Assuntos
Atenção , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/psicologia , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/psicologia , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Atenção/fisiologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/etiologia , Dano Encefálico Crônico/psicologia , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Infarto Cerebral/complicações , Infarto Cerebral/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Experimental inoculation of tubercle bacilli does not correspond to natural contagion. The classic and unique study published in the literature, performed by Max Lurie with inbred rabbit families to evaluate resistance and susceptibility to tuberculosis, closely simulated the natural mode of infection, reproducing the varying types of the disease as it occurs in man. Lurie observed that resistant families developed cavitary tuberculosis and susceptible families developed disseminated tuberculosis. The conclusions were based only on resistance to the progress of tuberculous infection due to cellular-mediated immunity. In this report we have made an additional analysis of this experiment, looking for the resistance to infection itself.