RESUMO
Weed resistance to herbicides is a natural phenomenon that exerts selection on individuals in a population. In Brazil, glyphosate resistance was recently detected in Digitaria insularis. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of weed resistance in this plant, including genetic variability, allelism, amino acid substitutions, gene expression, and enzymatic activity levels. Most of these have not previously been studied in this species. D. insularis DNA sequences were used to analyze genetic variability. cDNA from resistant and susceptible plants was used to identify mutations, alleles, and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) expression, using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, EPSPS activity was measured. We found a decrease in genetic variability between populations related to glyphosate application. Substitutions from proline to threonine and tyrosine to cysteine led to a decrease in EPSPS affinity for the glyphosate. In addition, the EPSPS enzymatic activity was slightly higher in resistant plants, whereas EPSPS gene expression was almost identical in both biotypes, suggesting feedback regulation at different levels. To conclude, our results suggest new molecular mechanisms used by D. insularis to increase glyphosate resistance.
Assuntos
3-Fosfoshikimato 1-Carboxiviniltransferase/genética , Digitaria/enzimologia , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , 3-Fosfoshikimato 1-Carboxiviniltransferase/metabolismo , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Digitaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Digitaria/genética , Expressão Gênica , Glicina/farmacologia , Resistência a Herbicidas , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Polimorfismo Genético , Análise de Sequência de DNA , GlifosatoRESUMO
HIV has become increasingly prevalent in the Northeast region of Brazil where Leishmania infantum chagasi is endemic, and concurrent AIDS and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has emerged. In this study, persons with HIV/AIDS and VL (n=17) had a mean age of 37.3 years (range 29-53 years) compared with 12.5 years (1-80 years) for persons with VL alone (n=2836). Males accounted for 88% of cases with concurrent VL and AIDS and 65% of those with VL alone. The mean CD4 count and antileishmanial antibody titre were lower and recurrence of VL and death were more likely with co-infection. Considering the prevalences of L.i. chagasi and HIV in the region, this may herald the emergence of an important public health problem.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1 , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Pública , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Third molar extraction is a common procedure frequently accompanied by moderate or severe pain, and involves sufficient numbers of patients to make studies relatively easy to perform. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic combination of 10 mg piroxicam, 1 mg dexamethasone, 35 mg orphenadrine citrate, and 2.5 mg cyanocobalamin (Rheumazin) when compared with 20 mg piroxicam alone (Feldene) in mandibular third molar surgery. Eighty patients scheduled for removal of the third molar were included in this randomized and double-blind study. They received (vo) Rheumazin or Feldene 30 min after tooth extraction and once daily for 4 consecutive days. Pain was determined by a visual analogue scale and by the need for escape analgesia (paracetamol). Facial swelling was evaluated with a measuring tape and adverse effects and patient satisfaction were recorded. There was no statistically significant difference in facial swelling between Rheumazin and Feldene (control group). Both drugs were equally effective in the control of pain, with Rheumazin displaying less adverse effects than Feldene. Therefore, Rheumazin appears to provide a better risk/benefit ratio in the mandibular molar surgery. Since the side effects resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration are a severe limitation to the routine use of these drugs in clinical practice, our results suggest that Rheumazin can be a good choice for third molar removal treatment.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/administração & dosagem , Extração Dentária , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Edema/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/efeitos adversos , Orfenadrina/administração & dosagem , Orfenadrina/efeitos adversos , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Piroxicam/administração & dosagem , Piroxicam/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Vitamina B 12/efeitos adversos , Complexo Vitamínico B/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Third molar extraction is a common procedure frequently accompanied by moderate or severe pain, and involves sufficient numbers of patients to make studies relatively easy to perform. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy and safety of the therapeutic combination of 10 mg piroxicam, 1 mg dexamethasone, 35 mg orphenadrine citrate, and 2.5 mg cyanocobalamin (Rheumazin®) when compared with 20 mg piroxicam alone (Feldene®) in mandibular third molar surgery. Eighty patients scheduled for removal of the third molar were included in this randomized and double-blind study. They received (vo) Rheumazin or Feldene 30 min after tooth extraction and once daily for 4 consecutive days. Pain was determined by a visual analogue scale and by the need for escape analgesia (paracetamol). Facial swelling was evaluated with a measuring tape and adverse effects and patient satisfaction were recorded. There was no statistically significant difference in facial swelling between Rheumazin and Feldene (control group). Both drugs were equally effective in the control of pain, with Rheumazin displaying less adverse effects than Feldene. Therefore, Rheumazin appears to provide a better risk/benefit ratio in the mandibular molar surgery. Since the side effects resulting from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration are a severe limitation to the routine use of these drugs in clinical practice, our results suggest that Rheumazin can be a good choice for third molar removal treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dente Serotino/cirurgia , Orfenadrina/administração & dosagem , Piroxicam/administração & dosagem , Extração Dentária , /administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Combinação de Medicamentos , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Edema/prevenção & controle , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/administração & dosagem , Relaxantes Musculares Centrais/efeitos adversos , Orfenadrina/efeitos adversos , Medição da Dor , Estudos Prospectivos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Piroxicam/efeitos adversos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , /efeitos adversos , Complexo Vitamínico B/administração & dosagem , Complexo Vitamínico B/efeitos adversosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess ovarian function in young women treated with radioiodine. METHODS: The study was conducted on 50 women with thyroid carcinoma aged less than 40 years (mean, 29.8 years), with regular menstrual cycles and normal FSH levels prior to radioiodine therapy. FSH determination was repeated 6 and 12 months after radioiodine therapy (mean, 4.24 GBq iodine-131) and menstrual cycles were monitored during this period. RESULTS: Twenty percent of the patients reported amenorrhea during the first year. FSH levels increased after 6 months (from 5.1 +/- 1.8 to 10.6 +/- 2.2 IU/l, p < 0.00 001) and 28 % of the patients showed elevated values, which had returned to normal by the end of the first year. CONCLUSION: Radioiodine causes transitory alterations in ovarian function even in younger women and after a mean activity of 4.2 GBq (115 mCi).
Assuntos
Carcinoma/radioterapia , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Ovário/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/radioterapia , Adulto , Carcinoma/sangue , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/sangue , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/efeitos adversos , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiologia , Ciclo Menstrual/efeitos da radiação , Ovário/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/sangueRESUMO
The purpose of this communication is to present the statistical information of the medical and hospital professional liability situation in Puerto Rico from 1990 to 1996. The Medical Institutional liability is a topic of great relevancy and importance to the people of Puerto Rico and the leaders responsible for establishing policies for the health care services. The Reports on Medical and Hospital Professional Liability from 1991 to the 1996 produced by the Examining Physicians Board were reviewed. The liability claims from 1991 to the 1996 totaled 4054. During the seven years analyzed, 3506 cases were closed against physicians and institutions, a payment was issued in 1272 cases (36.3%), for a total compensation of $56,268,053. The risk of a legal claim is greater for the group of Plastic Surgeons and Emergency Medicine. The probability of a plaintiff receiving a compensation payment in a case of medical malpractice is approximately 36%, usually receiving a third of the total of the award as suggested by the medical literature. A thoughtful analysis of the current medical liability situation and defensive medicine should be done with the purpose of protecting the fiduciary function of the physicians with respect to the health of their patients, this is the function that guarantees a physician-patient relationship that is healthy, righteous and empathic.
Assuntos
Imperícia , Medicina Defensiva , Imperícia/economia , Imperícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Medicina , Relações Médico-Paciente , Porto Rico , EspecializaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical efficacy of propoleum in Peyronie's disease. METHODS: A controlled, double-blind clinical trial based on a previous pilot study was conducted in 34 patients with Peyronie's disease treated with propoleum (Cuban Academy of Sciences patent no. 21875). The study was performed at the Freyre de Andrade Hospital in Habana. The clinical course and ultrasound features of the fibrous plaque were evaluated during a period of 6 months. RESULTS: A marked improvement was observed for penile curvature and pain in the treated group. Furthermore, plaque consistency and size was reduced five-fold after treatment and two-fold at ultrasound evaluation. No clinical or ultrasound changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the efficacy of propoleum in Peyronie's disease.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Induração Peniana/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosAssuntos
Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Angina Instável/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Transplante de Coração , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , CintilografiaRESUMO
Sao relatados quatro casos sugestivos de nefrite intersticial aguda relacionados ao uso de antibióticos, em pacientes internados na enfermaria de Clínica Médica do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, no período de abril de 1992 a janeiro de 1993. Os pacientes foram admitidos com quadro infeccioso grave, receberam antibióticos beta-lactâmicos, desenvolvendo, no curso do tratamento, síndrome de hipersensibilidade caracterizada por febre, exantema, eosinofilia e alteraçoes urinárias. Concomitantemente, foi realizada revisao da literatura a cerca do assunto, discutindo-se sua etiopatogenia e tratamento.