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Objetivo: analisar a concepção do enfermeiro acerca da satisfação profissional no ambiente da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um hospital universitário do estado de Sergipe. A coleta de dados foi realizada em outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com enfermeiros do setor de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva geral, e os dados foram analisados mediante Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: dos depoimentos emergiram as seguintes categorias: processo de trabalho do enfermeiro nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva; fatores que interferem na satisfação profissional do enfermeiro no ambiente da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva; e a relação do enfermeiro com a satisfação profissional no ambiente de terapia intensiva durante a pandemia Covid-19. Considerações finais: na concepção dos enfermeiros da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, a satisfação profissional é um aspecto importante no seu ambiente de trabalho e pode influenciar na prestação da assistência ofertada aos pacientes.

Objetivo: analizar la concepción de satisfacción profesional de la enfermera en el entorno de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: estudio descriptivo del enfoque cualitativo, realizado en un hospital universitario en el estado de Sergipe. La recogida de datos se realizó en octubre de 2020, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con enfermeras del sector general de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, y los datos fueron analizados a través del Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: de las declaraciones, surgieron las siguientes categorías: el proceso de trabajo de las enfermeras en unidades de cuidados intensivos; factores que interfieren con la satisfacción profesional de las enfermeras en el entorno de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos; y la relación de enfermeras con satisfacción profesional en el entorno de Cuidados Intensivos durante la pandemia Covid-19 Consideraciones finales: en la concepción de las enfermeras de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, la satisfacción profesional es un aspecto importante en su entorno de trabajo y puede influir en la prestación de atención ofrecida a los pacientes.

Objective: to analyze the nurse's conception of professional satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit environment. Method: descriptive study of qualitative approach, carried out in a university hospital in the state of Sergipe. Data collection was performed in October 2020, through semi-structured interviews with nurses from the general Intensive Care Unit sector, and the data were analyzed through Content Analysis. Results: the following categories emerged from the statements: the work process of nurses in Intensive Care Units; factors that interfere in the professional satisfaction of nurses in the Intensive Care Unit environment; and the relationship of nurses with professional satisfaction in the intensive care environment during the Covid-19 pandemic. Final considerations: in the conception of Intensive Care Unit nurses, professional satisfaction is an important aspect in their work environment and can influence the provision of care offered to patients.

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ABSTRACT Objective To investigate relations between electronic screen use and eye health in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Methods Data were collected online and analyzed at a private Brazilian hospital (Provisão Hospital, Maringá, Brazil). Male and female individuals aged 12 to 35 years participated in the study. A population-based cross-sectional survey based on a questionnaire developed using the Google Forms interface was carried out. The questionnaire was answered anonymously in order to ensure the confidentiality of data and the privacy of participants. Data were collected between October 13, 2020, and January 30, 2021. Results A total of 200 questionnaires were completed. Most responders were young people aged 18 to 27 years. Daily electronic device use time reported by responders ranged from more than 5 hours (150; 75.5%) to 3 to 5 hours/day (28; 14%) or 2 to 3 hours/day (16; 8%). Only a small proportion of responders (2.5%) used these devices less than 1 hour per day. Most participants had myopia (164; 84%) and/or astigmatism (151; 75.5%), whereas keratoconus was less prevalent (34; 17%). However, 92 participants were unable to say whether they had these diseases or not. Most participants reported eye symptoms after screen use (red eyes, fatigue, dry and gritty eyes and blurred vision). Mental issues such as smartphone dependence and difficulties to communicate while using electronic devices were also addressed. Most responders reported dependence and communication problems. Conclusions Most young people in this sample had sings of eye disease, including keratoconus. Smartphone dependence and addition was also observed. Findings presented may inform future studies and help health authorities to properly guide public health strategies aimed at eye disease prevention.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o uso de telas na saúde ocular em uma amostra populacional brasileira. Métodos Os dados foram adquiridos on-line, e as análises foram realizadas em uma clínica privada na Região Sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram indivíduos de 12 a 35 anos, de ambos os sexos. Foi realizada pesquisa transversal de base populacional por meio de questionário elaborado na plataforma Google Forms. O questionário foi respondido de forma anônima, mantendo o sigilo dos dados coletados e a privacidade dos participantes. A coleta de dados teve início em 13 de outubro de 2020 e término em 30 de janeiro de 2021. Resultados Foram respondidos 200 questionários. A maioria foi de jovens entre 18 e 27 anos. O tempo de uso de dispositivos eletrônicos durante o dia foi de mais de 5 horas para 150 (75,5%) entrevistados, 28 (14%) gastavam de 3 a 5 horas por dia, 16 (8%) de 2 a 3 horas por dia e uma pequena parte dos entrevistados (2,5%) usava menos de 1 hora por dia. A maioria dos participantes tinha miopia (164; 84%) e/ou astigmatismo (151; 75,5%). Ceratocone foi menos prevalente (34; 17%), entretanto 92 pessoas não sabiam a resposta. A maioria dos participantes teve problemas nos olhos após o uso da tela, como olhos vermelhos, cansados e secos, além de visão turva. Questões mentais, como dependência de smartphones e dificuldade de comunicação durante o uso do dispositivo, também foram abordadas. A maioria dos entrevistados demonstrou dependência e problemas de comunicação. Conclusões A maior parte dos jovens apresentou quadro de doenças oculares, incluindo ceratocone. Dependência e adição de smartphone também foram observados. Esses resultados apoiam a identificação de fatores associados à patologia ocular, servindo de base para estudos futuros, e podem auxiliar às autoridades de saúde no direcionamento adequado das atividades de prevenção e controle em saúde pública.

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PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to detect and genotype T. gondii in free-range chickens destined to human consumption in Alagoas state, Brazil. METHODS: Two hundred blood samples were collected from free-range chickens and submitted to indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Brain tissue from 14 animals randomly selected were subjected to mouse bioassay. Positive samples in mouse bioassay were submitted to PCR and genotyped by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: Out of two hundred blood samples from chickens, 72 (36%) samples were considered positive by IFAT. Two T. gondii strains were isolated, both being characterized as atypical and classified as #146 and a new genotype, named #279 in ToxoDB database. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed a sero-occurrence of T. gondii in free-range chickens intended for humans, and the genetic diversity of the parasite in Brazil, with a new genotype described.

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Objetivou-se descrever a experiência vivenciada pelo cuidador familiar da criança com câncer. Estudo qualitativo, realizado no Centro de Oncologia de Sergipe-Brasil, de janeiro a maio de 2008. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista aberta com a questão norteadora: Como tem sido a sua experiência no cuidado da criança com câncer? Participaram 19 cuidadores. Empregou-se o método de Análise de Conteúdo, obtendo-se quatro categorias. As categorias encontradas foram: A difícil Trajetória, Impacto na vida do Cuidador e família, O suporte no cuidado e Expectativa futura. Apesar do diagnóstico do câncer infantil na perspectiva do cuidador se constituir em uma experiência árdua, dolorosa e até desesperadora, com impacto em sua vida e dinâmica familiar, há ainda uma expectativa positiva para o futuro.

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Maternal breastfeeding in the first months of life plays a fundamental rolein the reduction of morbimortality by infectious diseases, protection againstdiarrheas, chronic diseases and allergies. The present study proposes toevaluate the prevalence of maternal breastfeeding in the fi rst year of life and to identify risk factors associated to early weaning. A twelve-month cohort study was carried out with 104 newborn infants in 28 centers of the Family Health Program in Campina Grande/PB, with cross-sectional analyses on the third, sixth and twelfth months. The food consumption was recorded monthly until the sixth month, and, afterwards, every three months to the end of the follow up. The data were collected from the mothers' answers to previously tested questionnaires and analyzed through Epi Info 3.3.2 software using chi-square tests, and Fisherïs p value when necessary, and 95% confi dence intervals to evaluate the effect of pacifi er and baby-bottle on breastfeeding. At the sixth month, only 8.3% of the infants were living exclusively on breastfeeding, with a median of 60 days, and, at the end of the fi rst year 33.8% were on maternal breastfeeding, with a median of 120 days. The use of pacifi ers and baby-bottles were signifi cantly associated respectively with early weaning and with stopping exclusive breastfeeding in the fi rst six months. The higher prevalence of breastfeeding was also associated with the presence of the spouse and Caesarean section. The low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding observed in the cohort demands governmental interventions oriented towards the promotion of breastfeeding in this population.

La lactancia materna durante los primeros meses de vida ejerce un papel fundamental en la reducción de la morbimortalidad por enfe rmedade s infecciosas , diarreas, enfermedades crónicas y alergias. El presenteestudio se propuso evaluar la prevalencia de lactancia materna durante el primer año de vida e identifi car factores asociados al desmame precoz. Para esto se hizo el seguimiento de una cohorte de 104 niños, desde su nacimiento, con cortes transversales a los tres, seis y doce mesesen 28 unidades del Programa de Salud de la Familia de Campina Grande/PB, Brasil. Los datos fueron colectados por medio decuestionarios, previamente validados, aplicados a las madres. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el programa Epi Info 3.3 aplicando la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y cuando necesario, el valor p de Fisher. Se constató que en el sexto mes la lactancia materna era exclusiva para 8,3% del grupo, con mediana de 60 días y a los 12 meses una prevalencia de lactancia materna de 33,8% con mediana de 120 días. El uso dechupete y biberón durante los primeros seis meses de vida estaba signifi cativamente asociado con la suspensión de la lactancia y con lainterrupción de su exclusividad. La prevalencia de la lactancia también estaba asociada a la presencia de compañero y parto por medio decesárea. Los resultados muestran una baja prevalencia de lactancia materna exclusiva e indican la necesidad de intervenciones paraestimular la lactancia materna y prácticas adecuadas de alimentación en la infancia.

O aleitamento materno, nos primeiros meses de vida, tem papel fundamental na redução da morbi-mortalidade por doenças infecciosas,proteção contra diarreias, doenças crônicas e alergias. O presente estudo se propôs a avaliar a prevalência do aleitamento materno noprimeiro ano de vida e identificar fatores associados ao desmame precoce. Acompanhou-se durante doze meses uma coorte de nascimentos de 104 crianças, em 28 unidades do Programa de Saúde da Família do município de Campina Grande/PB e foram feitos cortes transversais aos três, seis e doze meses. Os dados foram coletadospor meio de questionários previamente testados aplicados junto às mães. A análise dos dados foi realizada no programa Epi Info 3.3.2 etrabalhou-se com teste do qui-quadrado e, quando necessário, o valor de p de Fisher. Verificou-se no sexto mês, que 8,3% das criançasestavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo, com mediana de 60 dias e aos doze meses 33,8% encontravam-se em aleitamento materno, commediana de 120 dias. O uso de chupeta e mamadeira, nos primeiros seis meses, mostrou uma associação signifi cante, respectivamente,com o desmame precoce e com a interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo. A maior prevalência do aleitamento materno tambémse mostrou associada com a presença de companheiro e parto cesáreo. Os resultados indicam baixa prevalência do AME na coorte estudada, suger indo a necessidade de intervenções voltadas para a promoção doaleitamento materno.

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OBJECTIVE: This survey evaluated the effects of physical activity on gestational weight gain and birth weight of pregnant women attended by the Family Health Program in Campina Grande, Northeast of Brazil. METHODS: A cohort study enrolling 118 pregnant women was conducted between 2005 and 2006. Evaluation of the initial nutritional status was performed following Atalah's criteria and gestational weight gain was evaluated according to the Institute of Medicine. The pattern of physical activity was evaluated according to METs (metabolic equivalent) and its association with weight gain and birth weight was determined. RESULTS: The predominant physical activity pattern at 16 weeks was mild, in 85.6% of pregnant women. An important reduction of physical activity levels was observed with evolution of pregnancy and 98.3% of pregnant women were sedentary at 24 weeks and 100% at 32 weeks. In the initial evaluation of nutritional status 50% were normal, 23% had low weight and 27% had overweight/obesity. At second and third trimesters about 45% of pregnant women had excessive weight gain. Adequate birth weight for gestational age was found in 85.6% of neonates but macrosomia was highly frequent (8.5%). A significant association between METs at 24 weeks and gestational weight gain was found in the second trimester (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: All the pregnant women were sedentary in the third trimester and a significant association between physical activity pattern and gestational weight gain was found in the second trimester, but there was no association between this pattern and birth weight.

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Rotavirus vaccines were introduced in Brazil in 2006; we evaluated their effects in the state of Sergipe, Brazil. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey of children with diarrhea attending emergency services in Aracaju, Brazil, between October 2006 and April 2008 and a cluster sampling survey to assess vaccination coverage. Vaccine efficacy was assessed using the screening method. Diarrhea consultation and hospitalization data (2003-2007) were obtained from state and national surveillance systems. RESULTS: Rotavirus was detected in 59 of 534 stool samples (11%) from children attending emergency services. The number of rotavirus-positive samples decreased from 18 of 74 (24%) in 2006 to 31 of 321 (9.5%) in 2007 and 10 of 136 (7.4%) in 2008 (P < .01). Diarrhea severity was greater in children with rotavirus (P < .01) but decreased over time (P < .001). Of the rotaviruses detected, 56 of 59 (95%) were P[4]G2 genotype, 1 was P[4]G-non-typeable (NT), 1 was P[NT]G2, and 1 was P[NT]GNT. Diarrhea consultations decreased from 3020 in 2004 to 604 in 2007; reductions were greatest among children under 5 years old. Diarrhea hospitalizations decreased from 2121 in 2003 to 1176 in 2007. Vaccine coverage was 90.3%. Vaccines were highly effective against the strain P[8]G1; efficacy against P[4]G2 genotype was 89% (95% confidence interval: 0.87-0.92) in Aracaju and 95% in Sergipe. CONCLUSIONS: Since vaccines were introduced in 2006, there has been an overall reduction in diarrhea consultations and hospitalizations in northeast Brazil, with the greatest reductions in young children. This might have resulted from vaccination and improved sanitation. Although a single rotavirus genotype (P[4]G2) was recovered, vaccine efficacy was high against this genotype.

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O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi analisar o comportamento superficial do titânio comercialmente puro (grau 2 ASTM) usinado e obtido pelo processamento de metalurgia do pó sob a ação de diferentes soluções fluoretadas, através da análise do grau de corrosão em microscopia óptica (MO) e da rugosidade superficial. Além disso, o estudo se propôs a comparar essas análises com os resultados obtidos com o titânio fundido da dissertação de mestrado de Barros (2004). Todas as amostras receberam procedimento metalográfico padrão e foram divididas em grupos: Gr.1- saliva artificial com pH 7.0 (controle), Gr.2- gel de flúor fosfato acidulado a 1,23% com pH 3.5, Gr.3- gel de NaF a 2% com pH 6.5, Gr.4- solução de NaF a 0,05% com pH 4.0 e Gr.5- solução de NaF a 0,05% com pH 7.5. As amostras foram expostas a estas soluções por 1, 4, 8 e 16 min, intercaladas com imersão em saliva artificial por 24 h, e depois foram observadas em MO e MEV, a cada intervalo de tempo. As imagens em MO, 100x, foram classificadas através de escores de 0 a 4, conforme o grau de corrosão. A rugosidade foi analisada utilizando o parâmetro Ra. Os resultados da análise de MO foram tratados estatisticamente pelo teste qui-quadrado e da rugosidade pelo teste “F” de Snedecor e de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Nos três tipos de amostras, o Gr2 apresentou a corrosão mais severa, e os Gr.4 e 5 apresentaram os menores graus de corrosão. Entretanto, nas amostras usinadas o Gr5 apresentou uma corrosão menos acentuada em relação ao Gr4. No Gr3 houve um aumento da corrosão em função do tempo, sendo que as amostras fundidas mostraram este aumento mais rapidamente. Houve um aumento significativo na rugosidade superficial no Gr.2 nos três tipos de amostras...

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the superficial behavior of commercially pure titanium (grade 2, ASTM), obtained by milling or powder metallurgical process, under the action of different fluoride solutions through the analysis of corrosion grade under an optical microscope (OM) and superficial roughness. Furthermore the results obtained from such analyses were compared with the ones of cast titanium from Barros’s master’s degree dissertation (2004). All specimens received the standard metallography procedure for titanium, and were divided into the following groups, according to the attack solution received: Gr.1- synthetic saliva with pH 7.0 (control), Gr.2- 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel with pH 3.5, Gr.3- 2% NaF gel with pH 6.5, Gr.4- 0.05% NaF solution with pH 4.0, and Gr.5- 0.05% NaF solution with pH 7.5. The specimens were exposed to these solutions for 1, 4, 8, and 16 minutes, and between each of these times they were immersed in synthetic saliva for 24 h. The surfaces of samples were observed under OM and SEM at each interval time. The images of 100x in OM were classified by means of scores which ranged from 0 to 4, according to corrosion grade. The rugosity was analyzed using Ra parameter. The results of OM analysis were statistically treated by means of Chi-square test and of rugosity through Snededor “F” test and Bonferroni test (p<0,05). In the three different types of samples, the Gr2 presented the most severe corrosion, and the Gr.4 and 5 showed the smallest corrosion grade. However in the milled samples Gr5 showed a less Sharp corrosion than Gr4. The corrosion grade of Gr3 increased according to time, but the cast specimens showed this increase more quickly...

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A prevalência de disfunção ovariana é alta em mulheres com doença renal crônica e parece resultar da disfunção em diversos níveis do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovariano (HHO). Estas pacientes costumam apresentar ciclos irregulares, amenorréia, atraso no desenvolvimento puberal e baixa estatura. No entanto, em pacientes transplantadas renais, há uma melhora da função do eixo HHO, incluindo a melhora da fertilidade. Por isso, a contracepção após o transplante é importante e deve ter uma abordagem especializada. Ao prescrever um método contraceptivo, deve-se levar em conta a vulnerabilidade do órgão transplantado, os efeitos adversos, as interações medicamentosas, seus potenciais benefícios e malefícios e a condição clínica da paciente. O objetivo dessa revisão foi avaliar o eixo HHO das pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) ou transplante renal, bem como as peculiaridades da contracepção, uso de drogas e avaliação do colo uterino nessas pacientes.

The prevalence of ovarian dysfunction is high in women with CKD and seems to result from dysfunction at several levels along hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. This situation results in menstrual disturbances or even amenorrhea, late puberty, and low stature. On the other hand, kidney transplantation can improve these abnormalities and also increase fertility. The contraception after transplantation is important and must have a specialized approach. When prescribing a contraceptive method, the vulnerability of the graft, side effects, drug interaction and clinical condition of the patient must be evaluated. The objective of this review was to evaluate the HPO axis of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or kidney transplantation and the peculiarities of contraception, drug and cervical assessment in these patients.

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O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi analisar o comportamento superficial do titânio comercialmente puro (grau 2 ASTM) usinado e obtido pelo processamento de metalurgia do pó sob a ação de diferentes soluções fluoretadas, através da análise do grau de corrosão em microscopia óptica (MO) e da rugosidade superficial. Além disso, o estudo se propôs a comparar essas análises com os resultados obtidos com o titânio fundido da dissertação de mestrado de Barros (2004). Todas as amostras receberam procedimento metalográfico padrão e foram divididas em grupos: Gr.1- saliva artificial com pH 7.0 (controle), Gr.2- gel de flúor fosfato acidulado a 1,23% com pH 3.5, Gr.3- gel de NaF a 2% com pH 6.5, Gr.4- solução de NaF a 0,05% com pH 4.0 e Gr.5- solução de NaF a 0,05% com pH 7.5. As amostras foram expostas a estas soluções por 1, 4, 8 e 16 min, intercaladas com imersão em saliva artificial por 24 h, e depois foram observadas em MO e MEV, a cada intervalo de tempo. As imagens em MO, 100x, foram classificadas através de escores de 0 a 4, conforme o grau de corrosão. A rugosidade foi analisada utilizando o parâmetro Ra. Os resultados da análise de MO foram tratados estatisticamente pelo teste qui-quadrado e da rugosidade pelo teste “F” de Snedecor e de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Nos três tipos de amostras, o Gr2 apresentou a corrosão mais severa, e os Gr.4 e 5 apresentaram os menores graus de corrosão. Entretanto, nas amostras usinadas o Gr5 apresentou uma corrosão menos acentuada em relação ao Gr4. No Gr3 houve um aumento da corrosão em função do tempo, sendo que as amostras fundidas mostraram este aumento mais rapidamente. Houve um aumento significativo na rugosidade superficial no Gr.2 nos três tipos de amostras...

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the superficial behavior of commercially pure titanium (grade 2, ASTM), obtained by milling or powder metallurgical process, under the action of different fluoride solutions through the analysis of corrosion grade under an optical microscope (OM) and superficial roughness. Furthermore the results obtained from such analyses were compared with the ones of cast titanium from Barros’s master’s degree dissertation (2004). All specimens received the standard metallography procedure for titanium, and were divided into the following groups, according to the attack solution received: Gr.1- synthetic saliva with pH 7.0 (control), Gr.2- 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel with pH 3.5, Gr.3- 2% NaF gel with pH 6.5, Gr.4- 0.05% NaF solution with pH 4.0, and Gr.5- 0.05% NaF solution with pH 7.5. The specimens were exposed to these solutions for 1, 4, 8, and 16 minutes, and between each of these times they were immersed in synthetic saliva for 24 h. The surfaces of samples were observed under OM and SEM at each interval time. The images of 100x in OM were classified by means of scores which ranged from 0 to 4, according to corrosion grade. The rugosity was analyzed using Ra parameter. The results of OM analysis were statistically treated by means of Chi-square test and of rugosity through Snededor “F” test and Bonferroni test (p<0,05). In the three different types of samples, the Gr2 presented the most severe corrosion, and the Gr.4 and 5 showed the smallest corrosion grade. However in the milled samples Gr5 showed a less Sharp corrosion than Gr4. The corrosion grade of Gr3 increased according to time, but the cast specimens showed this increase more quickly...

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A ocorrência de doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTAs) tem sido foco de discussões nos últimos anos, devido à preocupação mundial com estratégias que permitam seu controle e, conseqüentemente, garantam a colocação de produtos seguros no mercado consumidor. A Salmonella spp. é um dos microrganismos mais amplamente distribuídos na natureza, sendo o homem e os animais seus principais reservatórios naturais, com ocorrência de sorotipos regionais, reconhecidos como salmoneloses, e considerado como um dos principais agentes envolvidos em surtos de origem alimentar em países desenvolvidos. O aumento da incidência da salmonelose provocada por alimentos contaminados demonstra que, na atualidade, apesar dos avanços tecnológicos alcançados, este problema ainda ocorre mundialmente. As aves e bovinos são responsáveis pela maior disseminação desse agente patogênico. A ampla distribuição da Salmonella spp. entre os animais, a existência de portadores assintomáticos e sua permanência no ambiente e nos alimentos contribuem para que este microrganismo assuma um papel de grande relevância na saúde pública mundial e, portanto, programas permanentes de controle e erradicação devem ser adotados.

The occurrence of foodborne diseases has been a matter of discussion over the last years due to the worldwide concern with strategies for their control and for ensuring that safe food products reach the consumer. Salmonella spp. is among the most widespread microorganisms in nature, having man and animals as main natural reservoirs. With occurrence of regional serotypes causing salmonellosis, this pathogen is considered one of the main agents responsible for outbreaks of foodborne disease in the developing countries. The increasing incidence of salmonellosis caused by contaminated food has shown that, despite the recent technological improvements, this problem still occurs in all countries. Cattle and poultry are the main responsible for the transmission of this pathogenic agent. Due to its wide distribution in animals, the existence of asymptomatic carriers and its presence in foodstuff and in the environment Salmonella spp. represents a significant public health problem worldwide calling for permanent control programs and eradication strategies.

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The occurrence of foodborne diseases has been a matter of discussion over the last years due to the worldwide concern with strategies for their control and for ensuring that safe food products reach the consumer. Salmonella spp. is among the most widespread microorganisms in nature, having man and animals as main natural reservoirs. With occurrence of regional serotypes causing salmonellosis, this pathogen is considered one of the main agents responsible for outbreaks of foodborne disease in the developing countries. The increasing incidence of salmonellosis caused by contaminated food has shown that, despite the recent technological improvements, this problem still occurs in all countries. Cattle and poultry are the main responsible for the transmission of this pathogenic agent. Due to its wide distribution in animals, the existence of asymptomatic carriers and its presence in foodstuff and in the environment Salmonella spp. represents a significant public health problem worldwide calling for permanent control programs and eradication strategies.

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From 1977 to July 2002, 1,376 renal transplants were performed at Santa Casa of Porto Alegre. The number of transplants and the patient and graft survival rates have been rising each year since 1987. The overall one-year graft survival rates were 90% for living donor recipients and 80% for cadaver donor recipients, respectively; however, the patient and graft survival rates increased significantly between the early (1977-1995) and more recent (1996-2002) periods. Pediatric patients (less than 18 years old) accounted for 15.8% of the transplants that were performed, most of them from living related donors. The patient and graft survival rates did not differ statistically when we compared recipients of transplants from "ideal" and marginal cadaver donors, even when we considered only those risk factors that affected graft function in assigning a marginal donor. During the 25-year observation period, 537 grafts have been lost (39%), including those patients who died with functioning graft. We are currently following 834 patients with a functioning graft, with an average follow-up of 67+54 months.

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