RESUMO

The growth of aquaculture production systems, mostly the sport-fishing kind, coupled with a lack of control, brings about concerns on the quality of water and food produced. The current paper determines which factors may trigger the growth of cyanobacteria, with subsequent concentrations of microcystins in collected water samples, at the surface and in the water column, from 10 aquaculture systems, during the dry and rainy seasons. The above is undertaken by measurements of biotic (counting of Chlorophyceae, cyanobacteria, and microcystin-LR [MC-LR]) and abiotic (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) factors. Because the water from the 10 aquaculture production systems had MC-LR concentrations that were highly correlated with Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) biomass, most MC-LR microcystins were produced by this species. The MC-LR concentrations and M. aeruginosa counting were positively correlated with nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios and suggest that parameters may affect not only the M. aeruginosa biomass, but also MC-LR concentrations.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o potencial de contaminaçäo de águas residuárias da suinocultura. MÉTODOS: As águas residuárias da suinocultura foram estocadas em um tanque. Depois de 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de retençäo hidráulica, foram incorporadas em lisímetros preenchidos com solos argilosos, arenosos e médios. Esses lisímetros foram entäo submetidos à simulaçäo de duas condiçöes climáticas: estaçäo de chuvas e estiagem. O número de unidades formadoras de colônias de coliformes totais, coliformes fecais e estreptococos fecais foi medido nos efluentes do tanque de estocagem (para os diversos períodos de retençäo hidráulica), nos percolados dos lisímetros e nos três tipos de solo. As análises microbiológicas foram realizadas através da técnica de membrana filtrante. As análises de pH foram realizadas potenciometricamente. RESULTADOS: Para os três microrganismos, as reduçöes bacterianas máximas no tanque de estocagem foram obtidas a partir de 90 dias de retençäo. A quantificaçäo bacteriana nos percolados dos três solos foi caracterizada por reduçöes elevadas. Em relaçäo aos três tipos de solo, os maiores valores de reduçäo bacteriana foram verificados nos solos médios, devido à sua acidez (pH < 7,0). Para os coliformes fecais a retençäo hidráulica näo foi suficiente para permitir a adequaçäo sanitária das águas residuárias e sua utilizaçäo na irrigaçäo (valores acima de 1 000 UFC.100 mL-1). Nesse caso, a incorporaçäo desses resíduos nos solos foi caracterizada como uma segunda etapa de tratamento. CONCLUSÖES: A retençäo da água residuária, seguida da aplicaçäo no solo, mostrou-se eficiente na minimizaçäo do efeito contaminante dos resíduos da suinocultura. Recomenda-se uma diminuiçäo no tempo de estocagem das águas residuárias da suinocultura, de 120 para 90 dias

Objective. To assess the potential for contamination of wastewaters from pig farming. Methods. Wastewaters from pig farming were stored in a tank. After 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of hydraulic retention, they were added to lysimeters filled with argillaceous, sandy, or medium soil. Finally, these lysimeters were submitted to simulations of either a rainy season or a dry season. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci was measured in the effluents of the storage tank (for the various periods of hydraulic retention), in the percolate from the lysimeters, and in the three types of soil. The microbiological analyses were carried out using the membrane filter technique. The pH analyses were done potentiometrically. Results. For the three microorganisms, the largest decrease in bacterial counts in the storage tanks occurred with 90 or 120 days of retention. There was a marked decrease in the bacterial count in the percolates of the three soils. For the three soil types the greatest reduction in bacterial counts was found in medium soil, due to its acidity (pH < 7.0). Hydraulic retention was not sufficient to ensure the sanitary adequacy of the wastewaters and their use for irrigation, given that fecal coliform values were above 1 000 CFU per 100 mL. Therefore, adding the residues to the soil was considered a second stage of treatment. Conclusions. The retention of wastewaters followed by adding them to soil was effective in minimizing the contaminating effect of pig farming residues. The storage time for wastewaters from pig farming could be decreased from 120 to 90 days

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential for contamination of wastewaters from pig farming. METHODS: Wastewaters from pig farming were stored in a tank. After 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of hydraulic retention, they were added to lysimeters filled with argillaceous, sandy, or medium soil. Finally, these lysimeters were submitted to simulations of either a rainy season or a dry season. The number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci was measured in the effluents of the storage tank (for the various periods of hydraulic retention), in the percolate from the lysimeters, and in the three types of soil. The microbiological analyses were carried out using the membrane filter technique. The pH analyses were done potentiometrically. RESULTS: For the three microorganisms, the largest decrease in bacterial counts in the storage tanks occurred with 90 or 120 days of retention. There was a marked decrease in the bacterial count in the percolates of the three soils. For the three soil types the greatest reduction in bacterial counts was found in medium soil, due to its acidity (pH < 7.0). Hydraulic retention was not sufficient to ensure the sanitary adequacy of the wastewaters and their use for irrigation, given that fecal coliform values were above 1 000 CFU per 100 mL. Therefore, adding the residues to the soil was considered a second stage of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The retention of wastewaters followed by adding them to soil was effective in minimizing the contaminating effect of pig farming residues. The storage time for wastewaters from pig farming could be decreased from 120 to 90 days.

Assuntos

Assuntos