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The departure and arrival of boll weevil in cotton fields have fostered major control decisions against this pest over time. Field colonization and distribution of boll weevil were evaluated using cotton fields from 93.7 to 154 ha each, located in Serra da Petrovina and Campo Verde, both in the Cerrado biome of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, as a function of cotton field bordering vegetation and crop phenology. The monitoring of adult weevils was carried out using traps containing sex and aggregation pheromone. The traps were set up considering the four coordinates of the field, bordering vegetation, and distances from the field margin. Six traps were set in each direction with three representing the field margin (0 m, 60 m, and 120 m from the borderline) and the other three set up equidistant from the center of the field (> 200 m). Traps were evaluated weekly beginning 10 days after plant emergence (DAE) throughout the cotton phenology until harvesting. Boll weevils were caught in the first evaluation 10 DAE, irrespective of the vegetation bordering the cotton field and distance of trap from field margin. The average weevils per trap was relatively low throughout the crop development but increased significantly through the maturation and harvesting periods. Furthermore, the bordering vegetation was not the only determinant factor for boll weevil colonization and distribution throughout the cotton field. Based on these data, boll weevil exhibited early colonization, already occurring beyond the border of the field.

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Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado com dados epidemiológicos obtidos pela Vigilância Epidemiológica do estado do Maranhão e pelo Laboratório de Virologia do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão UEMA, com objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de raiva canina no período de 2010 a 2018. Houve uma redução do número de casos positivos, com exceção dos anos de 2011 e 2012. A maior ocorrência de casos de raiva foi observada em cães sem raça definida (S.R.D.), machos, e nos municípios que fazem parte da grande Ilha de São Luís, entre eles a capital São Luís, e os municípios de São José de Ribamar e Paço do Lumiar, com aumento do diagnóstico para amostras positivas no período de seca. Sugere-se que sejam intensificados medidas de controle populacional canina, programas adequados de vacinação em massa de cães no estado e realização efetiva das notificações, visto que a raiva é um grave problema de saúde pública e os cães importantes transmissores aos humanos.(AU)

This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study, carried out with epidemiological data obtained by the Epidemiological Surveillance of the state of Maranhão and by the Virology Laboratory of the Veterinary Medicine Course at the State University of Maranhão - UEMA, with the objective of evaluating the occurence of rabies canine in the period from 2010 to 2018. There was a reduction in the number of positive cases, except for the years 2011 and 2012. It The highest occurrence of cases of rabies was observed in mixed breed dogs (S.R.D), males, and in the municipalities that do part of the great São Luís Island, including the capital São Luís, and the municipalities of São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar, with an increase in the diagnosis for positive samples in the dry season. It is suggested that intensified measures for canine population control, adequate programs for vaccination of dogs in the State and effective reporting, since rage syndrome in dogs is a serious public health problem and dogs are important transmitters to humans.(AU)

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Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado com dados epidemiológicos obtidos pela Vigilância Epidemiológica do estado do Maranhão e pelo Laboratório de Virologia do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão UEMA, com objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de raiva canina no período de 2010 a 2018. Houve uma redução do número de casos positivos, com exceção dos anos de 2011 e 2012. A maior ocorrência de casos de raiva foi observada em cães sem raça definida (S.R.D.), machos, e nos municípios que fazem parte da grande Ilha de São Luís, entre eles a capital São Luís, e os municípios de São José de Ribamar e Paço do Lumiar, com aumento do diagnóstico para amostras positivas no período de seca. Sugere-se que sejam intensificados medidas de controle populacional canina, programas adequados de vacinação em massa de cães no estado e realização efetiva das notificações, visto que a raiva é um grave problema de saúde pública e os cães importantes transmissores aos humanos.

This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study, carried out with epidemiological data obtained by the Epidemiological Surveillance of the state of Maranhão and by the Virology Laboratory of the Veterinary Medicine Course at the State University of Maranhão - UEMA, with the objective of evaluating the occurence of rabies canine in the period from 2010 to 2018. There was a reduction in the number of positive cases, except for the years 2011 and 2012. It The highest occurrence of cases of rabies was observed in mixed breed dogs (S.R.D), males, and in the municipalities that do part of the great São Luís Island, including the capital São Luís, and the municipalities of São José de Ribamar and Paço do Lumiar, with an increase in the diagnosis for positive samples in the dry season. It is suggested that intensified measures for canine population control, adequate programs for vaccination of dogs in the State and effective reporting, since rage syndrome in dogs is a serious public health problem and dogs are important transmitters to humans.

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Resistance to mupirocin was analysed in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from healthy dogs (n=21) and dogs with pyoderma (n=47) or otitis externa (n=52). Isolates were identified to species level by MALDI-TOF and PCR-RFLP of the groEL gene. One isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis from the skin of a healthy dog, which harboured a plasmid carrying the mupA gene, was resistant to mupirocin.

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UNLABELLED: Staphylococcus haemolyticus is an opportunistic human pathogen that usually gains entry into the host tissue in association with medical device contamination. Biofilm formation is a key factor for the establishment of this bacterium and its arrangement and dynamics can be influenced by the synthesis of biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are structurally diverse amphiphilic molecules with versatile biotechnological applications, but information on their production by staphylococci is still scarce. In this work, two Staph. haemolyticus strains, showing high potential for biosurfactant production - as observed by four complementary methods - were investigated. Biosurfactant extracts were produced and studied for their capacity to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation by other bacterial human pathogens. The biosurfactant produced by the one of the strains inhibited the growth of most bacteria tested and subinhibitory concentrations of the biosurfactant were able to decrease biofilm formation and showed synergistic effects with tetracycline. Because these results were also positive when the biosurfactants were tested against the producing strains, it is likely that biosurfactant production by Staph. haemolyticus may be an unexplored virulence factor, important for competition and biofilm formation by the bacterium, in addition to the biotechnological potential. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work is the first to show the production of biosurfactants by Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains. Extracts showed antimicrobial, anti-adhesive and synergistic properties against a variety of relevant human pathogens, including the producing strains. In addition to the biotechnological potential, biosurfactants produced by Staph. haemolyticus are potentially undescribed virulence determinants in their producing strains.

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Pyrethroid insecticides are widely recommended to control insect defoliators but lack efficacy against most aphid species. Thus, conserving aphid predators such as the lady beetle Eriopis connexa (Germar) is important to pest management in crop ecosystems that require pyrethroid sprays. In a greenhouse, early fourth-instar larvae and 5-day-old adults from susceptible (S) and resistant (R) E. connexa populations were caged on lambda-cyhalothrin-treated cotton plants, after which survival and egg production (for those caged at adult stage) were assessed. In the laboratory, similar groups were subjected to dried residues and topical treatment with one of eight pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin), the organophosphate methidathion, or water and wetting agent. After caging on treated cotton terminals, 66% of the R-population larvae survived to adulthood, compared with 2% of those from the S-population. At 12 d after caging at adult stage under the same conditions, 64% of the females from the R-population survived and laid eggs, compared with 100% mortality and no oviposition for the S-females. In trials involving dried insecticide residues, gain in survival based on the survival difference (percentage for R-population minus percentage for S-population) across all tested pyrethroids varied from 3 to 63% for larvae and from 3 to 70% for adults. In trials involving topical sprays of the tested pyrethroids, survival differences ranged from 36 to 96% for larvae and from 21 to 82% for adults. Fenpropathrin and bifenthrin were the least and most toxic, respectively.

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O presente estudo avaliou equídeos de 19 fazendas da região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, sendo 121 equídeos testados pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR), para detectar fragmentos dos genes dos seguintes gêneros: Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, e Neorickettsia, e pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), para detectar anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. Das amostras testadas na PCR, 17 (14,0%) animais de nove (47,3%) fazendas foram positivos. Das amostras positivas, 16 foram 100% idênticas a sequencias de Theileria equi e uma foi 99% similar à sequência de Babesia caballi, todas disponíveis no GenBank. Pela RIFI, 48 (39,6%) equídeos foram soropositivos para antígenos de E. canis, sendo 40 (83,3%) amostras com títulos de 40 e oito (16,6%) com títulos de 320. Todas as fazendas avaliadas (100%) apresentaram equídeos soropositivos. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que T. equi e B. caballi infectam equinos na região, e a presença de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. indica a circulação de espécies antigenicamente relacionadas aos gêneros Ehrlichia e Anaplasma, apesar de a negatividade nos exames de PCR indicar provável processo crônico desses agentes.

The present study evaluated 121 equids from 19 ranches in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso State through Polimerase Chain Raction (PCR) to detect Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia partial genes and the Imunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) to evaluate anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies. From the total tested in PCR, 17 (14.0%) equids from 9 (47.3%) farms were positive, and 16 yielded amplicons 100% identical to Theileria equi and one presented 99% similarity to Babesia caballi available on GenBank. Forty eight (39.6%) equids were positive by IFAT and 40 showed titers of 40 (83.3%) and 8 showed titers of 320 (16.6%). All ranches (100%) presented seropositive equids. Our results showed that T. equi and B. caballi are infecting equids in the region and the presence of anti-Ehrlichia antibodies suggests that species closely related to the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are circulating among the equid local population. Moreover, the negative results in PCR is possibly related to the chronic infection phase.

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O presente estudo avaliou equídeos de 19 fazendas da região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense, sendo 121 equídeos testados pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR), para detectar fragmentos dos genes dos seguintes gêneros: Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, e Neorickettsia, e pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), para detectar anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. Das amostras testadas na PCR, 17 (14,0%) animais de nove (47,3%) fazendas foram positivos. Das amostras positivas, 16 foram 100% idênticas a sequencias de Theileria equi e uma foi 99% similar à sequência de Babesia caballi, todas disponíveis no GenBank. Pela RIFI, 48 (39,6%) equídeos foram soropositivos para antígenos de E. canis, sendo 40 (83,3%) amostras com títulos de 40 e oito (16,6%) com títulos de 320. Todas as fazendas avaliadas (100%) apresentaram equídeos soropositivos. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que T. equi e B. caballi infectam equinos na região, e a presença de anticorpos anti-Ehrlichia spp. indica a circulação de espécies antigenicamente relacionadas aos gêneros Ehrlichia e Anaplasma, apesar de a negatividade nos exames de PCR indicar provável processo crônico desses agentes(AU)

The present study evaluated 121 equids from 19 ranches in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso State through Polimerase Chain Raction (PCR) to detect Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia partial genes and the Imunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) to evaluate anti-Ehrlichia spp. antibodies. From the total tested in PCR, 17 (14.0%) equids from 9 (47.3%) farms were positive, and 16 yielded amplicons 100% identical to Theileria equi and one presented 99% similarity to Babesia caballi available on GenBank. Forty eight (39.6%) equids were positive by IFAT and 40 showed titers of 40 (83.3%) and 8 showed titers of 320 (16.6%). All ranches (100%) presented seropositive equids. Our results showed that T. equi and B. caballi are infecting equids in the region and the presence of anti-Ehrlichia antibodies suggests that species closely related to the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are circulating among the equid local population. Moreover, the negative results in PCR is possibly related to the chronic infection phase(AU)

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The aim of this study was to isolate and identify an indigenous yeast from cashew apple juice (CAJ) and then use it in the production of first- and second-generation ethanol, using CAJ and the enzymatic hydrolysate of cashew apple bagasse (MCAB-OH), respectively. The isolated yeast was identified as belonging to the genus Hanseniaspora. Afterward, the effect of the medium initial pH on the production of ethanol from CAJ was evaluated in the range of 3.0 to 5.5, with its maximum ethanol production of 42 g L(-1) and Y P/S of 0.44 g g(-1) and 96 % efficiency. The effect of temperature (28-38 °C) on ethanol production was evaluated in a synthetic medium, and no difference in ethanol production in the temperature range evaluated (28-36 °C) was observed. At 32 °C, the yield, concentration, efficiency, and productivity of ethanol when using the CAJ medium were higher when compared to the results achieved for the synthetic medium. Regarding second-generation ethanol, the results showed that the yeast produced 24.37 g L(-1) of ethanol with an efficiency of 80.23 % and a productivity of 4.87 g L(-1) h(-1) at 5 h. Therefore, Hanseniaspora sp., isolated from CAJ, is a promising microorganism for the production of first- and second-generation ethanol.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the MicroScan WalkAway PosCombo21 (PC21) system for the identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) strains and the detection of oxacillin resistance. Using molecular and phenotypic methods, 196 clinical strains were evaluated. The automated system demonstrated 100 % reliability for the identification of the clinical strains Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus cohnii; 98.03 % reliability for the identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis; 70 % reliability for the identification of Staphylococcus lugdunensis; 40 % reliability for the identification of Staphylococcus warneri; and 28.57 % reliability for the identification of Staphylococcus capitis, but no reliability for the identification of Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus xylosus. We concluded that the automated system provides accurate results for the more common CNS species but often fails to accurately identify less prevalent species. For the detection of oxacillin resistance, the automated system showed 100 % specificity and 90.22 % sensitivity. Thus, the PC21 panel detects oxacillin-resistant strains, but is limited by the heteroresistance that is observed when using most phenotypic methods.

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Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to characterize the antibiotic resistance of 64 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. By PCR of the mecA gene, 87% were found to be methicillin resistant. Approximately 55% harbored staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) type V, and only one SCCmec type IV. Many isolates (75%) displayed multiresistance, and pulsotype analysis showed a high diversity.

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Previous studies showed that heart period decreases during and recovers after an acute stress. We investigated if individual predispositions and emotional priming influence heart period recovery after a speech stress task. Psychometric scales and resting cardiac vagal tone were used to measure individual traits. The presentation of a sequence of either pleasant or unpleasant pictures, as emotional primers, preceded the speech stress. Heart period was measured throughout the experiment. Stress induced tachycardia irrespective of emotional priming or traits. In the recovery period, participants with higher resting cardiac vagal tone or presenting higher resilience significantly reduced the heart acceleration. Furthermore, these traits interacted synergistically in the promotion of the recovery of heart period. Pleasant priming also improved recovery for participants with lower negative affect. In conclusion, the stress recovery measured through heart period seemed dependent upon individual predispositions and emotional priming. These findings further strengthen previous observations on the association between greater cardiac vagal tone and the ability to regulate emotion.

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