RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether diet quality was associated with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and television viewing and the associations of these variables with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and novel biomarkers in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: A total of 193 prediabetic adults (63.7% women, mean age 54.1 years), screened for a diabetes prevention program in Brazil, participated in this cross-sectional study. Clinical data and blood samples were collected for several determinations. Twenty-four-hour recalls were used to calculate the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) adapted to Brazilian dietary habits and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to assess physical activity level. Analysis of covariance with adjustments for age and body mass index (BMI) was employed to test associations across categories of LTPA and television viewing. RESULTS: Stratifying according to LTPA categories, the most active subset (≥150 minutes/week) showed better HEI scores after adjustments (64.6 ± 11.0, 65.1 ± 10.3, and 68.6 ± 10.8, p = 0.02) and significant higher values of dark green and orange vegetables but not of whole grains (p = 0.06). Active individuals had lower BMI, waist circumference, inflammatory markers, and better insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05). Individuals at the highest category of television viewing had higher age-adjusted BMI (32.0 ± 6.2, 30.7 ± 6.0, and 28.8 ± 4.7 hours/week; p = 0.01) than the others. Time watching television was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP; p < 0.01) after adjustments but not with lipids and HEI score. Comparisons of individuals with healthy habits (better diet and higher physical activity [PA]), with those with unhealthy habits revealing better anthropometric and cardiometabolic profiles in the former group. CONCLUSION: Diet quality assessed by the HEI adapted for Brazilian eating habits attained significance in differentiating more active from inactive at-risk individuals during leisure time. Time watching television, as a surrogate of sedentary behavior, is not useful to detect unhealthy diet quality. LTPA is indicative of better cardiometabolic profile reflected by lipid and inflammatory markers and index of insulin resistance.

Assuntos

Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Alimentar , Atividades de Lazer , Atividade Motora , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Feminino , Humanos , Resistência à Insulina , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação Nutricional , Estado Pré-Diabético/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Verduras , Circunferência da Cintura , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The role of obesity-related polymorphisms on weight loss and inflammatory responses to interventions is unclear. We investigated associations of certain polymorphisms with response to a lifestyle intervention. METHODS: This 9-month intervention on diet and physical activity included 180 Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk, genotyped for the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) T/A, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) Pro12Ala, and ApoA1 -75G/A polymorphisms. Changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables were analyzed according to these polymorphisms. RESULTS: The intervention resulted in lower energy intake and higher physical activity. Anthropometric measurements, 2-hr plasma glucose, insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) improved significantly for the total sample, and these benefits were similar among genotypes. Only variant allele carriers of FTO T/A decreased fasting plasma glucose after intervention (99.9±1.3 to 95.6±1.4 mg/dL, P=0.021). Mean blood pressure reduced after intervention in variant allele carriers of the PPARγ Pro12Ala (109.4±2.1 to 101.3±2.1 mmHg, P<0.001). Improvement in lipid variables was not significant after adjustment for medication. Only the reference genotype of PPARγ Pro12Ala increased apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) after intervention (134.3±2.4 to 140.6±2.3 mg/dL, P<0.001). Only variant allele carriers of FTO reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration (0.366±0.031 to 0.286±0.029 mg/dL, P=0.023). CONCLUSION: In Brazilian individuals, the FTO T/A polymorphism induces a favorable impact on inflammatory status and glucose metabolism. The reference genotype of PPARγ Pro12Ala seems to favor a better lipid profile, while the variant allele decreases blood pressure. Our data did not support benefits of the variant allele of ApoA1 -75G/A polymorphism. Further studies are needed to direct lifestyle intervention to subsets of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Assuntos

Apolipoproteína A-I/genética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Doenças Metabólicas/prevenção & controle , PPAR gama/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteínas/genética , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Alanina/genética , Dioxigenase FTO Dependente de alfa-Cetoglutarato , Substituição de Aminoácidos/genética , Substituição de Aminoácidos/fisiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/etiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/fisiologia , Prolina/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue influence inflammation and insulin sensitivity, and lead to metabolic disturbances. How certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) interfere on lifestyle interventions is unclear. We assessed associations of selected SNPs with changes induced by a lifestyle intervention. METHODS: This 9-month intervention on diet and physical activity included 180 Brazilians at high cardiometabolic risk, genotyped for the TNF-α -308 G/A, IL-6 -174 G/C and AdipoQ 45 T/G SNPs. Changes in metabolic and inflammatory variables were analyzed according to these SNPs. Individuals with at least one variant allele were grouped and compared with those with the reference genotype. RESULTS: In the entire sample (66.7% women; mean age 56.5 ± 11.6 years), intervention resulted in lower energy intake, higher physical activity, and improvement in anthropometry, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile and inflammatory markers, except for IL-6 concentrations. After intervention, only variant allele carriers of the TNF-α -308 G/A decreased plasma glucose, after adjusting for age and gender (OR 2.96, p = 0.025). Regarding the IL6 -174 G/C SNP, carriers of the variant allele had a better response of lipid profile and adiponectin concentration, but only the reference genotype group decreased plasma glucose. In contrast to individuals with the reference genotype, carriers of variant allele of AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP did not change plasma glucose, apolipoprotein B, HDL-c and adiponectin concentrations in response to intervention. CONCLUSION: The TNFα -308 G/A SNP may predispose a better response of glucose metabolism to lifestyle intervention. The IL-6 -174 G/C SNP may confer a beneficial effect on lipid but not on glucose metabolism. Our findings reinforce unfavorable effects of the AdipoQ 45 T/G SNP in lipid profile and glucose metabolism after intervention in Brazilians at cardiometabolic risk. Further studies are needed to direct lifestyle intervention to subsets of individuals at cardiometabolic risk.