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The main aim in this research was to validate a scale for measuring technostress in Chilean university students under the context of hybrid education. There were 212 university students as participants from the central-south zone of Chile. For measuring technostress manifestations, a technostress questionnaire for Chinese university professors and its adaptation for Spanish university students was used as a base instrument to adapt the scale. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis generated an adequacy of the psychometric scale by eliminating three items from the original scales but generated important changes by reordering the other 19 items into only three factors, establishing an important local difference with previous versions that contemplated five factors, but retaining as a central axis the stress produced by a misfit between the person and his or her environment. The resulting scale was based on factors such as Abilities-Demands Techno-Educational, Needs-Supplies Resources, and Person-People Factor. It also has a good internal consistency with a scale that allows for the continuation of technostress measurements in the local context; adding to studies on this topic which have already been carried out on diverse actors of the Chilean educational system; proposing a reliable and valid psychometric scale of technostress in Chilean university students; and giving researchers and academic managers the ability to know the adverse effects of the use of technologies and propose mitigation actions.

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The research objective was to predict the impact of techno-creators and techno-inhibitors on the different manifestations of technostress in kindergarten directors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and telework. The participants were INTEGRA Foundation kindergarten directors, from a sample of 567 kindergartens in Chile. To measure the technostress manifestations, the RED-TIC questionnaire was used as an instrument, and concerning techno-creators and techno-inhibitors, those established in previous research were considered. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology was used, and the model estimation was performed using SmartPLS version 3.0 software. It was obtained that techno-creators correlate positively and significantly with the technostress manifestations. A negative correlation was found between techno-inhibitors and technostress manifestations and techno-creators, but not significant for skepticism and inefficacy manifestations. Therefore, it is concluded that techno-creators lead to technostress manifestations, however, techno-inhibitors did not show a significant effect in reducing these manifestations in the sample studied.

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This article provides an empirical overview of coffee/caffeine studies in relation to sport worldwide, an incipient but growing relationship that has existed since 1938, although systematized over time since 1999. The extracted articles were examined using a bibliometric approach based on data from 160 records stored in the Web of Science (JCR) between 1938 and August 2021, applying traditional bibliometric laws and using VOSviewer for data and metadata processing. Among the results, these articles highlight an exponential increase in scientific production in the last two decades, with a concentration in only 12 specific journals, the hegemony of the USA among the co-authorship networks of worldwide relevance, and the thematic and temporal segregation of the concepts under study. This article concludes a high fragmentation of the authors with the highest level of scientific production and an evolution of almost 20 years in relevant thematic topics, and a concurrent concentration in three large blocks: (1) coffee consumption and risk factors, (2) health and coffee consumption, and (3) metabolism and sport correlated with the intake of coffee, which are distanced in time, providing evidence of an evolution that gives way to the irruption of alternative visions in the relationship of coffee and caffeine with sport.

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This article presents a scientometric study regarding entrepreneurship and its relationship with wellbeing. The study presents a systematic review and measures impact and relational character to identify the relevance of countries, research organizations, and authors in the field of entrepreneurial wellbeing. The study poses the following research questions: What is the nature of the evolution of scientific knowledge in the entrepreneurial wellbeing field? What is the nature of the concentration in terms of geographical distribution and co-authorship level of knowledge production in the entrepreneurial wellbeing field? What are the knowledge trends in knowledge production for entrepreneurial wellbeing literature? The contribution of this research is two-fold. First, in terms of methodology, it contributes study into the use of a more robust approach to search for the scientometric trends about entrepreneurship wellbeing in addition to the PRISMA review tools and the PICOS eligibility criteria. Secondly, the study presents research updates in the search for results for the last 2 years of knowledge production. This upgrade is particularly important in a research field that presents exponential growth, where 2019 and 2020 presented almost double the amount of knowledge production compared to 2017 and 2018.

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RESUMEN: El foramen y canal palatino mayor (FPM y CPM) comunican boca con fosa pterigopalatina. El conocimiento adecuado de su morfología, permite el abordaje anestésico del nervio maxilar. En el vivo, el FPM está recubierto por una mucosa gruesa, debido a esto los puntos de referencia óseos y dentarios son importantes para ubicar el sitio de punción. Se ha descrito gran variabilidad en cuanto a la etnia, posición, forma, diámetros, longitudes y permeabilidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir éstas características en cráneos de adultos chilenos. Se utilizaron 31 cráneos de ambos sexos. En los paladares se determinó; forma, largo, profundidad y ancho. En los FPM se consideró su forma, diámetros y localización. En los CPM se registró su permeabilidad y su coincidencia con la forma del FPM. Los registros se realizaron con cámara digital, compás de precisión, caliper digital, compas tridimensional de Korkhaus y sonda metálica. Los resultados muestran un predominio de la forma cuadrada del paladar por sobre las formas triangular y redondeada. Las mediciones de su largo, ancho y profundidad indican diferencias por sexo y por etnia. La forma del FPM no muestra diferencia por sexo, primando la forma ovalada por sobre la fusiforme y la redondeada. La posición de este mismo foramen tampoco muestra diferencias sexuales, primando la posición frente al tercer molar superior, seguida por la posición frente al espacio entre segundo y tercer molar superior y por último frente al 2do molar superior. Las dimensiones del FPM son mayores en individuos masculinos. Los CPM se observaron en su totalidad permeables y los FPM no siempre coincidieron en forma con la sección transversal del CPM. Estos resultados y su comparación con la literatura indican variaciones importantes, lo que impide establecer directrices objetivas a la técnica anestésica que utiliza esta vía anatómica.

ABSTRACT: The greater palatine foramen and canal (GPF and GPC) communicate with the pterygopalatine fossa. The adequate knowledge of its morphology allows the anesthetic approach of the maxillary nerve. In vivo, the GPF is covered by a thick mucosa, therefore, the bone and dental reference points are important to locate the puncture site. Great variability has been described in terms of ethnicity, position, shape, diameters, lengths and permeability. The objective of this study was to describe these characteristics in skulls of Chilean adults. 31 skulls of both sexes were used. In the palates shape, length, depth and width were determined. In the GPF its shape, diameters and location were considered. In the GPC, their permeability and their coincidence with the shape of the GPF were recorded. The records were made with digital camera, precision compass, digital caliper, Korkhaus three-dimensional compass and metallic probe. The results show a predominance of the square shape of the palate over the triangular and rounded forms. The measurements of its length, width and depth indicate differences by sex and ethnicity. The shape of the GPF shows no difference by sex, with the oval shape prevailing over the fusiform and the rounded. The position of this same foramen also shows no sexual differences, with the position prevailing against the upper third molar, followed by the position in front of the space between the upper second and third molars and finally against the upper 2-molar. The dimensions of GPF are greater in male individuals. The GPC were found to be entirely permeable and the GPF did not always coincide in form with the cross section of the GPC. These results and their comparison with the literature indicate important variations, which prevents establishing objective guidelines for the anesthetic technique used in these cases.

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RESUMEN: El dactilograma es propio de la piel humana y se observa en la cara volar de dedos, palmas de manos y plantas de pies, caracterizándose por poseer un ordenamiento único y distinguible. Este patrón es fundamental en identificación humana, por ser único, particular, inmutable, perenne, fácil de observar, comparar y almacenar. Se han descrito cambios en la piel senil, pero pocos han observado desvanecimiento de este patrón. Nuestro objetivo fue evidenciar la pérdida del dactilograma en individuos seniles chilenos y determinar si edad y sexo son variables relacionadas con este fenómeno. La muestra abarcó 487 individuos (120 hombres y 367 mujeres) entre 55 y 107 años. En ellos se registró la presencia o ausencia de dactilograma de cara palmar de pulgar. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron estadísticamente. Se determinó que la edad es una variable relacionada con la pérdida del dactilograma y que a mayor edad, mayor probabilidad de que esta característica no esté presente (a los 82 años, el 25 % no presenta dactilograma, a los 88 años aumenta al 50 % y a los 95 años el 75 % ya no presenta dicho patrón). Así mismo, el sexo determinó diferencias importantes en el desvanecimiento del dactilograma, siendo las mujeres más propensas a presentar pérdida de este patrón (51,77 % de la muestra) que los hombres (37,5 % de la muestra). Pero estos últimos presentan un 42,4 % adicional de riesgo de perder el dactilograma antes que las mujeres. Este trabajo demuestra que el dactilograma se pierde en la senilidad. Hasta ahora este hecho no había sido demostrado. Razón por la cual, este estudio es un aporte significativo en el campo de la morfología y la identificación humana, poniendo de manifiesto que una parte importante de la población chilena ha perdido su identidad basada en las huellas dactilares.

SUMMARY: The dactylogram is of one´s own human skin and can be observed in the volar face of fingers, palms of hands and soles of feet, it is characterized by having a unique and distinguishable order. This pattern is fundamental in human identification because it is unique, particular, immutable, perennial, easy to observe, compare and store. Changes in senile skin have been described, but few have observed the loss of this pattern. Our objective was to evidence the loss of the dactylogram in Chilean senile individuals and establish if age and sex are variables related to this phenomenon. The sample included 487 individuals (120 men and 367 women) between the ages of 55 to 107 years. In them the presence or absence of dactylogram on the palmar face of the thumbs was recorded. The obtained data were processed statistically. It was determined that age is a variable related to the loss of the dactylogram and that the older the subject, the more likely this feature is not present (At 82 years, 25 % do not present dactylogram, at 88 years it increases to 50 % and at 95 years, 75 % no longer have such pattern). Likewise, sex determined significant differences in the dactylogram fading, with women being more prone to the loss of this pattern (51.77 % of the sample) than men (37.5 % of the sample). But the latter have an additional 42.4 % risk of losing the dactylogram earlier than women. This work demonstrates that the dactylogram is lost in senility. So far, this fact had not been proven. Therefore, this study is a significant contribution in the field of morphology and human identification, revealing that an important part of the Chilean population has lost its fingerprint-based identity.

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