RESUMO
An Indigenous agropastoralist population called the Wiwa from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in North-East Colombia, shows high rates of gastrointestinal infections. Chronic gut inflammatory processes and dysbiosis could be a reason, suggesting an influence or predisposing potential of the gut microbiome composition. The latter was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon next generation sequencing from stool samples. Results of the Wiwa population microbiomes were associated with available epidemiological and morphometric data and compared to control samples from a local urban population. Indeed, locational-, age-, and gender-specific differences in the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio, core microbiome, and overall genera-level microbiome composition were shown. Alpha- and ß-diversity separated the urban site from the Indigenous locations. Urban microbiomes were dominated by Bacteriodetes, whereas Indigenous samples revealed a four times higher abundance of Proteobacteria. Even differences among the two Indigenous villages were noted. PICRUSt analysis identified several enriched location-specific bacterial pathways. Moreover, on a general comparative scale and with a high predictive accuracy, we found Sutterella associated with the abundance of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Faecalibacteria associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and helminth species Hymenolepsis nana and Enterobius vermicularis. Parabacteroides, Prevotella, and Butyrivibrio are enriched in cases of salmonellosis, EPEC, and helminth infections. Presence of Dialister was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, whereas Clostridia were exclusively found in children under the age of 5 years. Odoribacter and Parabacteroides were exclusively identified in the microbiomes of the urban population of Valledupar. In summary, dysbiotic alterations in the gut microbiome in the Indigenous population with frequent episodes of self-reported gastrointestinal infections were confirmed with epidemiological and pathogen-specific associations. Our data provide strong hints of microbiome alterations associated with the clinical conditions of the Indigenous population.
RESUMO
Moko is one of the main diseases affecting banana and plantain in Colombia. Here, we report the genome sequence of the causal agent, the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) strain CIAT-078, collected in 2004 from affected plantains in central-west Colombia. The assembled genome was obtained using Oxford Nanopore Technology.
RESUMO
Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus is an emerging pathogen in Southeast Asia. Here, we report the complete genome of a Thai isolate obtained using Nanopore technology. The isolate was collected in 2019 from the northeastern province of Surin, soon after disease eradication was reported in the country.
RESUMO
Two serologically unrelated sweet potato viruses causing symptoms of vein clearing in the indicator plant Ipomoea setosa were isolated and their genomes have been sequenced. They are associated with symptomless infections in sweet potato but distinct vein-clearing symptoms and higher virus titres were observed when these viruses co-infected with sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), a virus that is distributed worldwide and is a mediator of severe virus diseases in this crop. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis revealed an overall nucleotide identity of 47.6â% and an arrangement of the movement protein and coat protein domains characteristic of members of the genus Cavemovirus, in the family Caulimoviridae. We detected both cavemoviruses in cultivated sweet potato from East Africa, Central America and the Caribbean islands, but not in samples from South America. One of the viruses characterized showed a similar genome organization as, and formed a phylogenetic sublineage with, tobacco vein clearing virus (TVCV), giving further support to the previously suggested separation of TVCV, and related viral sequences, into a new caulimovirid genus. Given their geographical distribution and previous reports of similar but yet unidentified viruses, sweet potato cavemoviruses may co-occur with SPCSV more often than previously thought and they could therefore contribute to the extensive yield losses and cultivar decline caused by mixed viral infections in sweet potato.