RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: severe, rigid hip abduction deformity in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) is an exceptionally uncommon condition. This posture hinders the positioning in the wheelchair and the completion of basic activities of daily living (ADL). Addressing such severe deformities can be quite challenging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a 14-year-old male, with spastic-dystonic quadriplegic CP, developed rigid and severe flexion-abduction contractures in both hips, characterized by 90 degrees of flexion and 100 degrees of abduction. These contractures severely impeded his ability to comfortably use a wheelchair and even pass through doorways. Performing basic ADLs became a significant challenge for both the patient and his caregivers. RESULTS: the treatment approach involved a two-stage surgical procedure, one for each hip, with a two-month interval between them. An extensive release of the fascia latae, gluteus maximus, external rotators, and hip flexors; in combination with a proximal femur osteotomy were performed. To maintain the corrections achieved, long-leg casts connected with two bars were employed, followed by orthotic support and physiotherapy. Following the procedure, lower limb adduction was achieved, and the patient and caregivers were highly satisfied, as ADLs and basic caregiving had been greatly facilitated. CONCLUSIONS: while the available literature on the management of severe rigid abduction hip contractures in non-ambulatory CP patients is limited, and treatment options are often complex, the present case underscores the effectiveness of a comprehensive approach involving soft tissue release and bone surgery. Achieving a more favorable wheelchair positioning and facilitating basic ADLs and care represents a significant success for patients and families.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la deformidad severa y rígida en abducción de cadera en individuos con parálisis cerebral (PC) es una condición infrecuente. Esta postura dificulta el posicionamiento en la silla de ruedas y la realización de actividades básicas de la vida diaria (AVD). El tratamiento de estas deformidades tan severas puede ser todo un reto. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: varón de 14 años, con PC tetrapléjica espástica-distónica, que desarrolló contracturas rígidas y severas de flexión-abducción en ambas caderas, caracterizadas por 90 grados de flexión y 100 grados de abducción. Estas contracturas impedían gravemente su capacidad para utilizar cómodamente una silla de ruedas e incluso pasar por las puertas. La realización de actividades básicas de la vida diaria se convirtió en un reto importante tanto para el paciente como para sus cuidadores. RESULTADOS: el tratamiento consistió en una intervención quirúrgica en dos fases, una para cada cadera, con un intervalo de dos meses entre ellas. Se realizó una amplia liberación de la fascia lata, el glúteo mayor, los rotadores externos y los flexores de la cadera; en combinación con una osteotomía proximal del fémur. Para mantener las correcciones conseguidas, se emplearon escayolas de pierna larga conectadas con dos barras, seguidas de soporte ortésico y fisioterapia. Tras la intervención, se consiguió la aducción de los miembros inferiores y el paciente y los cuidadores se mostraron muy satisfechos, ya que se habían facilitado en gran medida las AVD y los cuidados básicos. CONCLUSIONES: aunque la bibliografía disponible sobre el tratamiento de las contracturas rígidas graves de la cadera en abducción en pacientes no deambulantes con PC es limitada, y las opciones de tratamiento suelen ser complejas, el presente caso subraya la eficacia de un enfoque integral que incluye la liberación de los tejidos blandos y la cirugía ósea. Conseguir una posición más favorable en la silla de ruedas y facilitar las AVD básicas y los cuidados representa un éxito significativo para los pacientes y sus familias.
Assuntos
Paralisia Cerebral , Contratura de Quadril , Humanos , Paralisia Cerebral/complicações , Masculino , Adolescente , Contratura de Quadril/etiologia , Contratura de Quadril/cirurgia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Atividades Cotidianas , Contratura/cirurgia , Contratura/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate gender differences in workplace violence (WPV) against physicians and nurses in Latin America. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted between January 11 and February 28, 2022. A prespecified gender analysis was performed. RESULTS: Among the 3056 responses to the electronic survey, 57% were women, 81.6% were physicians, and 18.4% were nurses. At least one act of violence was experienced by 59.2% of respondents, with verbal violence being the most common (97.5%). Women experienced more WPV than men (65.8% vs 50.4%; P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR]: 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.19). Women were more likely to report at least one episode of WPV per week (19.2% vs 11.9%, P < 0.001), to request for psychological help (14.5% vs 9%, P = 0.001) and to experience more psychosomatic symptoms. In addition, women were more likely to report having considered changing their job after an aggression (57.6% vs 51.3%, P = 0.011) and even leaving their job (33% vs 25.7%, P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, being a woman (OR: 1.76), working in emergency departments (OR: 1.99), and with COVID-19 patients (OR: 3.3) were independently associated with more aggressive interactions, while older age (OR: 0.95) and working in a private setting (OR: 0.62) implied lower risk. CONCLUSIONS: Women are more likely to experience WPV and to report more psychosomatic symptoms after the event. Preventive measures are urgently needed, with a special focus on high-risk groups such as women.
Assuntos
Cardiologia , Médicos , Violência no Trabalho , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Violência no Trabalho/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Sexuais , América Latina/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Médicos/psicologiaRESUMO
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a clinical-pathologic entity caused by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. The disease includes a broad spectrum of anomalies at the cellular and tissual level that can cause acute-on-chronic (alcoholic hepatitis) or chronic (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular cancer) injury, having a great impact on morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol is metabolized mainly in the liver. During alcohol metabolism, toxic metabolites, such as acetaldehyde and oxygen reactive species, are produced. At the intestinal level, alcohol consumption can cause dysbiosis and alter intestinal permeability, promoting the translocation of bacterial products and causing the production of inflammatory cytokines in the liver, perpetuating local inflammation during the progression of ALD. Different study groups have reported systemic inflammatory response disturbances, but reports containing a compendium of the cytokines and cells involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, from the early stages, are difficult to find. In the present review article, the role of the inflammatory mediators involved in ALD progression are described, from risky patterns of alcohol consumption to advanced stages of the disease, with the aim of understanding the involvement of immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of ALD.
Assuntos
Hepatopatias Alcoólicas , Humanos , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/etiologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/metabolismo , Etanol , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , CitocinasAssuntos
Neoplasias do Íleo , Valva Ileocecal , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Humanos , Neoplasias do Íleo/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias do Íleo/cirurgia , Valva Ileocecal/diagnóstico por imagem , Valva Ileocecal/patologia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/cirurgiaRESUMO
Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are among the early colonisers of recently deglaciated terrains. While patterns of carabid colonisation along forelands of retreating glaciers have been thoroughly investigated in temperate climates, information remains scarce in tropical mountains. This study aimed to describe for the first time the carabid beetle species assemblages along the chronosequence of two tropical Andean glaciers (Antisana and Carihuairazo, Ecuador). Shannon index, taxonomic distinctness and species assemblage composition did not reveal deterministic and directional patterns. Only the principal coordinate analysis performed on the Antisana dataset showed that some species had a clear preference for terrains deglaciated for more than 200 years. Our results showed that equatorial glacier forelands are colonised by pioneer species that persist from the recently deglaciated terrains (less than 25 years) to terrains deglaciated since more than 200 years. This pattern fits the 'addition and persistence model' of high-latitude glacier forelands, rather than the 'species replacement model' of the Alps. The pioneer species observed are high-altitude specialists adapted to constantly cold environments, but not specifically ice-related. In the current context of climate warming, pioneer and cold-adapted species living near the glaciers of equatorial mountains are therefore only threatened by the 'summit trap' risk, unlike in temperate regions, as they are not strictly linked to the glacier microclimate.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Besouros/classificação , Camada de Gelo , Animais , Clima , EquadorRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Insulin-like growth factor 1 is modulated by the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) that are synthesized in the liver. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of IGFBPs 1-7 in patients with chronic hepatitis C and study their association with fibrosis stage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted that included patients with chronic hepatitis C. The stages of fibrosis were determined through FibroTest and FibroScan and the patients were compared with a control group. Serum levels of IGFBPs 1-7 were quantified through multiple suspension arrays. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's correlation, and ROC curves were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Upon comparing the patients and controls, the highest concentrations were found in IGFBPs 1, 2, 4, and 7 (p=0.02, p=0.002, p=0.008, and p<0.001, respectively). IGFBP-3 levels had a tendency to be lower in the patients (p=0.066), whereas values were similar between patients and controls for IGFBP-5 and 6 (p=0.786 and p=0.244, respectively). Of the seven IGFBPs, IGFBP-3 concentrations were the highest. There were significant differences between fibrosis stages for IGFBP-5 and IGFBP-7. CONCLUSION: IGFBPs play a relevant role in the fibrotic process in liver damage. IGFBP-7, in particular, differentiates fibrosis stages, making it a potential serum biomarker.
Assuntos
Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina/biossíntese , Cirrose Hepática/etiologia , Cirrose Hepática/metabolismo , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Função Hepática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Background: the emergence of bacterial resistance has led to a search for new natural products as alternatives starting points to prevent and control diseases caused by microorganisms. Among the potential candidates were bioactive compounds from octocorals of the genus Eunicea due to their chemical structures and their wide range of biological activities. Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) and antibacterial activity of compounds previously isolated from two Eunicea species and synthesized alkylglycerols (AKG). Methods: the QSI of three nonpolar compounds and a mixture of AKGs from Eunicea were evaluated by a microtiter plate assay using Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 31532). Four naturally occurring, saturated, and enantiomerically pure AKGs, all of which were derived from the chiral precursor (R)-solketal, were synthesized from alkyl chains of 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbons, and their structures were spectroscopically verified by NMR, ESI-MS and optical rotation data. Their QSI by the disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 14 clinical bacterial isolates in microtiter plates were determined. Results: cembradiene 1, the AKG mixture and AKG (2S)-3-O-dodecyl-1,2-propanediol 4 inhibit QS at the same concentration as kojic acid (10 µg/well or 20 µg/disc, respectively). In this study, the bioactive compounds 1, stearyl oleate 2, acylglycerol 3 and AKGs 4 and (2S)-3-O-tetradecyl-1,2-propanediol 5 showed in vitro IQS activity for the first time. Additionally, 4 and 5 displayed in vitro antibacterial activity against Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 32 µg/mL for both 4 and 5), Enterococcus faecalis (128 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL respectively), Micrococcus luteus (128 µg/mL for both) and Brevibacillus brevis (Bacillus brevis) (512 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL respectively). Conclusion: results suggest that natural compounds 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 showed QSI, also 4 and 5 have antibacterial activity and they are an interesting alternative to continue researching their effect against pathogenic microorganisms.
Antecedentes: la aparición de resistencia bacteriana ha llevado a la búsqueda de nuevos productos naturales como puntos de partida alternativos para prevenir y controlar las enfermedades causadas por microorganismos. Entre los posibles candidatos se encontraban los compuestos bioactivos de octocorales del género Eunicea debido a sus estructuras químicas y su gama amplia de actividades biológicas. Objetivos: el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la inhibición del quorum sensing (IQS) y la actividad antibacteriana de compuestos aislados previamente de dos especies de Eunicea y de alquilgliceroles (AQG) sintetizados. Métodos: la IQS de tres compuestos no polares y de una mezcla de AQGs de Eunicea se evaluaron mediante un ensayo de placa de microtitulación usando Chromobacterium violaceum (ATCC 31532). Cuatro AQG naturales, saturados y enantioméricamente puros, todos los cuales se derivaron del precursor quiral (R)-solketal, se sintetizaron a partir de cadenas alquílicas de 12, 14, 16 y 18 carbonos, y sus estructuras se verificaron espectroscópicamente mediante RMN, ESI-MS y datos de rotación óptica. Se determinó su IQS mediante el ensayo de difusión de disco y las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM) en placas de microtitulación frente a 14 aislamientos bacterianos clínicos. Resultados: cembradieno 1, la mezcla de AQGs y AQG (2S)-3-O-dodecil-1,2-propanodiol 4 inhiben el QS a la misma concentración que el ácido kójico (10 µg/pocillo o 20 µg/disco, respectivamente). En este estudio, los compuestos bioactivos 1, estearil oleato 2, acilglicerol 3 y AQGs 4 y (2S)-3-O-tetradecil-1,2-propanodiol 5 mostraron actividad de IQS in vitro por primera vez. Además, 4 y 5 presentaron actividad antibacteriana in vitro contra Listeria innocua y Staphylococcus aureus (CIM = 32 µg/mL para 4 y 5), Enterococcus faecalis (128 µg/mL y 64 µg/mL respectivamente), Micrococcus luteus (128 µg/mL para ambos) y Brevibacillus brevis (Bacillus brevis) (512 µg/ mL y 64 µg/mL respectivamente). Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que los compuestos naturales 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 mostraron IQS, también 4 y 5 tenían actividad antibacteriana y son una alternativa interesante para continuar investigando su efecto contra microorganismos patógenos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Produtos Biológicos , Percepção de Quorum , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , AntibacterianosRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con el objetivo de describir las percepciones de profesionales en enfermería sobre la violencia\r\nde la pareja íntima contra adolescentes gestantes atendidas en el Hospital de Usaquén (Bogotá, Colombia). Este parte del papel\r\nque desempeña enfermería en la detección, prevención y atención de las gestantes víctimas de violencia de sus parejas y surge\r\nde una investigación anterior en ese centro de atención, que determinó que las gestantes más jóvenes son las más vulnerables.\r\nEl estudio se desarrolló mediante dos grupos focales, con participación de 14 enfermeras que laboran en el hospital. El análisis, de\r\ntipo fenomenológico, se realizó con apoyo del software Atlas ti 7. Entre los principales resultados se establece que, según la percepción de las enfermeras, la forma más frecuente de violencia de la pareja íntima contra la adolescente gestante es la psicológica, seguida del abandono y la violencia económica. En cuanto a las necesidades de detección resulta importante ampliar los tiempos de consulta, generar un ambiente de confianza, implementar protocolos de detección inicial y realizar tamizajes. En lo relativo a la prevención, se recomienda iniciar desde la infancia la formación en género y derechos, además de trabajar conjuntamente con la escuela. Para la atención, se considera imperioso el trabajo interdisciplinario. Como barreras se mencionan la negación de las gestantes a denunciar y la amenaza de sus parejas al equipo de enfermería ante la notificación, así como la falta de capacitación del personal de salud.
A qualitative study was conducted with the objective of describing the perceptions of nursing professionals regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant adolescents attended at the Hospital de Usaquén (Bogotá, Colombia). This study is based on the role that nurses play in the detection, prevention and care of pregnant victims of violence from their partners and emerges from an earlier study in this center of attention that established that the youngest pregnant women are the most vulnerable. The study was developed through two focus groups, with the participation of 14 nurses that work at the hospital. A phenomenological analysis was carried out with the support of the Atlas ti 7 software. Among the main results, it is established that according to the perception of nurses, the most frequent form of violence form the intimate partner towards the pregnant adolescent is psychological, followed by abandonment and economic violence. Concerning the need for detection, it is considered important to extend consultation times, generate an atmosphere of trust, implement initial detection protocols, and perform screenings. In regard to prevention, it is recommended to initiate training in gender and rights from childhood, in addition to working together with the school. For the medical attention, interdisciplinary work is considered imperative. As barriers, mentioned were the refusal of the pregnant women to denounce, and the threats of their partners to the nursing staff after notification, as well as the lack of training of the medical personnel.
Um estudo qualitativo foi realizado com o objetivo de descrever a percepção de um grupo de enfermeiras sobre a violência por parceiro íntimo na gestação que afeta adolescentes gestantes atendidas no Hospital de Usaquén (Bogotá, Colômbia). Este estudo parte da importância da enfermagem na detecção, prevenção e cuidados de mulheres grávidas vítimas de violência por seus parceiros e é baseado em um estudo anterior em que o centro de atenção estabeleceu que as mulheres grávidas mais jovens são as mais vulneráveis. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de dois grupos de foco, com a participação de 14 enfermeiras vinculadas ao hospital. A análise, tipo fenomenológica, foi realizada com o apoio do software Atlas ti 7. Entre os principais resultados, define-se que, de acordo com a percepção das enfermeiras, a forma mais frequente de violência por parceiro íntimo é a psicológica, seguida do abandono e da violência econômica. No que diz respeito às necessidades de detecção é considerada importante para expandir o tempo de consulta, gerar um ambiente de confiança, implementar protocolos de detecção inicial e realizar triagens; no que diz respeito à prevenção, recomenda-se iniciar desde a infância a formação no domínio da igualdade entre os gêneros e direitos humanos, além de trabalhar em conjunto com a escola; já a atenção, é imperativa para o trabalho interdisciplinar. Como barreiras, foram mencionadas a negação por parte das gestantes em denunciar e a ameaça de seus parceiros à equipe de enfermagem, assim como a falta de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde.
Assuntos
Violência , Cônjuges , Gestantes , Equidade de Gênero , Enfermeiras e EnfermeirosRESUMO
Objetivo: Analizar el estado de salud de la población mayor de 60 años y la relación que existe entre la autopercepción de la salud que tienen las personas mayores y su salud real; se valoró la mediación en esta relación de aspectos sociodemográficos como la edad y el género. Método: Diseño descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia. Localización: 15 centros de día y 10 residencias de la provincia de Almería (España). Participantes: 1,220 personas mayores de 60 años (M = 70.9; DT = 7.9), de los cuales el 48.3% son hombres y el 51.7% mujeres. Mediciones: Se analizó el género, la edad, el estado civil, la presencia o no de diferentes enfermedades y problemas de salud, y el nivel de salud percibido. Resultados: Los problemas de salud relacionados con los huesos y articulaciones son los más frecuentes. Existen diferencias significativas (p = 0.000) en la percepción de la salud entre ambos géneros; los hombres tienen una mejor percepción de su salud. Hay una relación negativa y significativa (p < 0.001) entre la edad y la percepción de la salud. Tanto el número de enfermedades (r2 = 0.251) como la edad (r2 = 0.010) y el género (r2 = 0.002) forman parte del modelo explicativo de la percepción de salud. Conclusiones: El número de enfermedades, la edad y el género son variables que explican una cuarta parte de la variable subjetiva salud percibida, por tanto ofrecen indicios de poder ser utilizadas en la planificación de las políticas sanitarias.
Objective: To analyze the health of the population aged 60 and older, and the relationship between their perception of their health and their real condition. The relationship with social-demographic issues such as gender was also assessed. Method: Descriptive, transversal and prevalence study of 15 Day and 10 Residential Centers in the province of Almería (Spain), with 1,220 persons aged 60 and older (M = 70.9, SD = 7.9), 48.3% male and 51.7% female. Measurements Gender, age, civil status, and the presence of pathologies and health problems, as well as the perceived health level were all assessed. Results: Health problems related to bones and articulations were the most reported. There are significant differences (P=0.000) in the perception of health between both genders; males have a better perception of their health. There is a negative and significant relation (P < .001) between age and the perception of health. The number of illnesses (r2 = 0.251), age (r2 = 0.010), and gender (r2 = 0.002) are all part of the explicative model of the perception of health. Conclusions: The number of illnesses, age, and gender are variables which explain a quarter of the subjective perception of health variable, and thus, they indicate a possible use in the planning of health policies.
Objetivo: Analisar o estado de saúde da população idosa de 60 anos e, a relação que existe entre a auto percepção da saúde que realizam as pessoas idosas e a sua saúde real. Valorizou-se a intermediação de aspetos sócio demográficos como a idade e o género. Método: Desenho descritivo, transversal de prevalência. Localização: 15 centros de dia e 10 moradias da província de Almería (na Espanha). Participantes: 1220 pessoas idosas de 60 anos (M = 70.9; DT = 7.9), das quais o 48.3% são homens e o 51.7% são mulheres. Medições Analisou-se o género, a idade, o estado civil, a presença e a não presença de diferentes patologias e problemas de saúde e, o nível de saúde percebido. Resultados: Os problemas de saúde relacionados com os ossos e as articulações são os mais frequentes. Existem diferenças significativas (p = 0.000) na percepção de saúde entre ambos os géneros, os homens têm uma melhor percepção da sua saúde. Há uma relação negativa e significativa (p < 0.001) entre a idade e a percepção da saúde. Tanto o número de doenças (r2 = 0.251) como a idade (r2 = 0.010) e o género (r2 = 0.002) formam parte do modelo explicativo da percepção da saúde. Conclusõeso: O número de doenças, a idade e o género são variáveis que explicam uma quarta parte da variável subjetiva "saúde percebida", portanto, oferecem índicios de poderem ser utilizadas na planificação de políticas sanitárias.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , História do Século XXRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The relationship between helminthiases and allergy is a matter of considerable interest and research. In the tropics, house dust mite exposure, a known risk factor for asthma, is frequently concurrent with helminth infections. It remains to be defined whether infection with the common roundworm Ascaris or its bystander immunological effects influence the prevalence and pathogenesis of asthma independently of mite sensitization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the IgE responses to Ascaris and its purified allergens and the risk of asthma in a tropical country. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed in 356 subjects who reported current and past asthma symptoms (asthmatics) and 435 controls that had never experienced such symptoms. They were tested for serum levels of total IgE and specific IgE to Ascaris extract, Asc s 1 (ABA-1), Asc l 3 (tropomyosin) and GST (glutathione transferase). In addition, specific IgE to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and their tropomyosins Der p 10 and Blo t 10 was measured. Sensitization was defined as a positive specific IgE result to any extract or recombinant allergen. RESULTS: Sensitization to Ascaris and D. pteronyssinus was independently associated with asthma after adjustment for age, gender, socio-economic stratum, city and other IgE levels (adjusted ORs: 2.17; 95% CI 1.37-3.42 and 2.46; 95% CI 1.54-3.92), respectively. There was also a significant association with sensitization to the highly allergenic and cross-reactive tropomyosins Asc l 3, Blo t 10 and Der p10 (aORs: 1.76; 95% CI 1.21-2.57, 1.64; 95% CI 1.14-2.35 and 1.51; 95% CI 1.02-2.24), respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: IgE responses to Ascaris are associated with asthma symptoms in a population living in the tropics. Sensitization to the cross-reactive Ascaris and mite tropomyosins partially underlies this finding. These results have potential relevance in asthma diagnosis and management.
Assuntos
Ascaris/imunologia , Asma/imunologia , Imunoglobulina E/imunologia , Ácaros/imunologia , Tropomiosina/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Asma/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Wing morphology has great importance in a wide variety of aspects of an insect's life. Here, we use a geometric morphometric approach to test the hypothesis that variation, in insect wing morphology patterns, occurs between sexes and along altitudinal gradients for invasive species, despite their recent association to this environment. We explored the variation in wing morphology between 12 invasive populations of the invasive potato pest, Tecia solanivora, at low and high altitude in the central highlands of Ecuador. After characterizing sexual dimorphism in wing shape, we investigated if moths at higher elevations differ in wing morphology from populations at lower altitudes. Results indicate wing shape and size differences between sexes and between altitudinal ranges. Females showed larger, wider wings than males, while high altitude moths showed larger, narrow-shaped wings by comparison to low-altitude moths. GLM analyses confirmed altitude was the only significant determinant of this gradient. Our study confirms a sexual dimorphism in size and wing shape for the potato moth. It also confirms and extends predictions of morphological changes with altitude to an invasive species, suggesting that wing morphology variation is an adapted response contributing to invasion success of the potato moth in mountainous landscapes. Ours is one of the first studies on the morphology of invasive insects and represents a valuable contribution to the study of insect invasions because it both offers empirical support to previous genetic studies on T. solanivora as well as proving broader insight into the mechanisms behind morphological evolution of a recently introduced pest.
Assuntos
Altitude , Espécies Introduzidas , Mariposas/anatomia & histologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Asas de Animais/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Equador , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Invasive species are a major threat to the sustainable provision of ecosystem products and services, both in natural and agricultural ecosystems. To understand the spatial arrangement of species successively introduced into the same ecosystem, we examined the tolerance to temperature and analyzed the field distribution of three potato tuber moths (PTM, Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), that were introduced in Ecuador since the 1980s. We studied physiological responses to constant temperatures of the three PTM species under laboratory conditions and modeled consequences for their overall population dynamics. We then compared our predictions to field abundances of PTM adults collected in 42 sites throughout central Ecuador. Results showed that the three PTM species differed with respect to their physiological response to temperature. Symmetrischema tangolias was more cold tolerant while Tecia solanivora had the highest growth rates at warmer temperatures. Phthorimaea operculella showed the poorest physiological performance across the range of tested temperatures. Overall, field distributions agree with predictions based on physiological experiments and life table analyses. At elevations >3000 m, the most cold-tolerant species, S. tangolias, was typically dominant and often the only species present. This species may therefore represent a biological sensor of climate change. At low elevations (<2700 m), T. solanivora was generally the most abundant species, probably due to its high fecundity at high temperatures. At mid elevations, the three species co-occurred, but P. operculella was generally the least abundant species. Consistent with these qualitative results, significant regression analyses found that the best predictors of field abundance were temperature and a species x temperature interaction term. Our results suggest that the climatic diversity in agricultural landscapes can directly affect the community composition following sequential invasions. In the tropical Andes, as in other mountain ecosystems, the wide range of thermal environments found along elevational gradients may be one reason why the risks of invasion by successively introduced pest species could increase in the near future. More data on potential biological risks associated with climatic warming trends in mountain systems are therefore urgently needed, especially in developing nations where such studies are lacking.
Assuntos
Demografia , Mariposas/fisiologia , Clima Tropical , Animais , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Equador , Larva/fisiologia , Óvulo/fisiologia , Pupa/fisiologia , TemperaturaRESUMO
Schwannomas reach 8 to 10% of all intracranial tumors. Most originate at the vestibular root of VIII cranial nerve, but trigeminal tumors are infrequent. We present the case of a patient admitted at the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez" (Mexico City) with a mass occupying the infratemporal fossa with involvement of nearby structures. Schwannomas with extension to the infratemporal fossa are rare. We review the anatomy of this region, the surgical approaches, which have been used and propose a different approach.
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Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/patologia , Seio Maxilar/patologia , Neurilemoma/patologia , Nervo Trigêmeo/patologia , Adulto , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/cirurgia , Neoplasias dos Nervos Cranianos/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Seio Maxilar/cirurgia , Cavidade Nasal/patologia , Cavidade Nasal/cirurgia , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Órbita/patologia , Órbita/cirurgia , Faringe/patologia , Faringe/cirurgia , Nervo Trigêmeo/cirurgiaRESUMO
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: The purposes of the study are to assess the growth status of urban Mexican children living in different geographic areas of the country, to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and to explore secular trends in body size. DESIGN: Cross-sectional surveys of 293 children 6-11 years from Sonora in the north-west of the country (155 boys, 138 girls), and 356 children 7-12 years from Veracruz on the Gulf Coast (194 boys, 162 girls) were undertaken in 1992 and 1993, respectively. PROCEDURES: Height and weight were measured; the body mass index (BMI, kg m(-2)) was calculated. Growth status was compared to USA reference data and to samples of Mexican children in 1926 and 1975. The prevalence of overweight (BMI > or = 85th and < 95th percentiles) and obesity (BMI > or = 95th percentile) was estimated. RESULTS: Girls and boys from Sonora and Veracruz do not differ in height, weight and the BMI. Mean heights are at (girls) or below (boys) the medians of USA growth charts, while mean weights are at (boys) or just below (girls) the 75th percentiles at most ages. As a result, mean BMIs are above (boys) and below (girls) the 75th percentiles over the age range studied. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is 40% in boys and 35% in girls, whereas the prevalence of obesity per se is 23% in boys and 17% in girls. Compared to urban Mexican children in the Federal District surveyed in 1926, children in the present sample are taller and heavier, but the secular trend in body weight is more pronounced since the mid-1960s. Heights of the current samples are similar to those of well-off children in Mexico City in the early 1970s, but weights are heavier. CONCLUSIONS: The gap in height between well-off and lower socioeconomic status children in different regions of Mexico has been reduced, but there is an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Assuntos
Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Crescimento/fisiologia , Constituição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Valores de Referência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of myocardial perfusion by SPECT and Gated-SPECT in the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome in patients with precordial pain associated with normal or doubtful ischemic ECG within the first 6 hrs of the last episode of pain. METHODS: Sixty such patients who sought attention in the Emergency room were included. Myocardial perfusion SPECT and Gated-SPECT (GSPECT) was performed in all patients using two distinct protocols. All patients underwent resting and pharmacological stress test. In 30 cases coronary angiogram were performed. RESULTS: Resting myocardial perfusion was abnormal or positive in 25 patients (42%) and normal or negative in 35 patients (58%). In the latter group perfusion became abnormal in 15 patients (43%) under stress with dipyridamole, while it remained normal in 19 (54%). The last subgroup presented no coronary events during the 12 months following their hospital discharge. In the group of 25 patients with resting perfusion abnormalities acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 7 patients, ischemia in 12 and reverse-reversibility in 6. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy showed in the resting phase a low sensitivity of 61% (95% CI 39-74%), and negative predictive value of 71% (95% CI, 58-82%). During the stress phase, the utility of the test increased significantly, with a sensitivity of 97% (95% CI, 83-99%), specificity of 79% (95% CI, 57-92%), positive predictive value of 87% (95% CI, 72-95%) and, most outstanding, a negative predictive value of 95% CI, 73-99%). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial perfusion studies have a sensitivity of 97% for identifying patients with acute coronary syndrome, with precordial pain and normal or doubtful ischemic ECG. For the intermediate or low risk patients with acute coronary syndrome the non-invasive diagnostic techniques of SPECT and GSPECT systems of evaluating myocardial perfusion achieve a high degree diagnostic accuracy, safety and reduces unnecessary admissions and costs.