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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effects of articaine and lidocaine on mental nerve, due to the increasing number of paresthesia cases after nerve blocks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The drugs were injected in the anterior portion of mental nerve of 24 rats, divided into three groups: G1--4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine; G2--2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and G3--plain 1:100,000 epinephrine solution. These solutions were injected in the right side of the rat's mandible and the left side was used as control (0.9% saline solution). Previously to the injections, the animals were anesthetized with thiopental and, 24 h after the injections, their jaws were removed and submitted to routine histological techniques. A histopathological analysis was performed by optical microscopy. RESULTS: An inflammatory infiltration was found around mental nerve, classified as intense for G3, moderate for G1 and light for both G2 and control groups. No injuries were found in nervous structure, despite the inflammatory reaction observed around it. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that articaine is not toxic to the nervous structure and further studies are necessary to explain the possible relation between articaine injection and paresthesia.

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Casos assimétricos são muito comuns no cotidiano ortodôntico, nos quais as relações sagitais posteriores são distintas, resultando em um desvio de linha média. Para o tratamento desses casos, deve ser considerados fatores como: idade do paciente, presença de dentes impactados, potencial de crescimento para auxiliar a mecânica ortodôntica, ausências dentárias, faltas de espaço, diastemas e discrepância de Bolton. Em diversos casos é fundamental a realização de extrações assimétricas para a correção ortodôntica. O presente trabalho tem a proposição de relatar um caso clínico de uma paciente leucoderma, de 24 anos de idade, com má oclusão Classe II divisão 1, desvio de linha média superior para a esquerda, impacção do dente 23 e discrepância de modelo negativa. Foi proposto o tratamento ortodôntico utilizando a técnica Straight-Wire Simplificada, com extrações assimétricas dos elementos dentários 23 e 14, mecânica para fechamento de espaço e correção do desvio de linha média. Foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios tanto do ponto de vista oclusal quanto estético.

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A Ortodontia está fundamentada na habilidade do profissional em produzir umacontrolada movimentação dos dentes através do osso alveolar, a partir da aplicação da forçaortodôntica. Entretanto, a movimentação ortodôntica pode ser influenciada por vários fatores,dentre eles, o uso de medicamentos. Em vista do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foirealizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a influência de fármacos ou suplementos namovimentação dentária induzida. Como a maior parte dos trabalhos foi realizada com animaise não com humanos e há grande variabilidade entre as metodologias, não se pode afirmarcategoricamente sobre qualquer modificação na movimentação ortodôntica causada poralgum tipo de fármaco que o paciente utilize durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Vislumbra-se,futuramente, atuar na taxa da movimentação ortodôntica com o auxílio de medicamentos.

Orthodontics is based on the professional's ability to produce a controlledteeth movement in alveolar bone through the application of orthodontic force. However, theorthodontic movement may be influenced by several factors, including the use of medicines.Due to it, the aim of this study was to perform a narra tive literature review on the effectsof drugs on experimental tooth movement. As most experimental studies were done withanimais instead of humans and there is a great variability among the methodologies, stetementscannot yet be done about any change in tooth movement caused by some kind ofmedication took by patients during orthodontic treatment. We envision in the future actingon orthodontic tooth movement with the aid of drugs.

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Animal studies have shown that liposome encapsulation increases prilocaine anesthetic efficacy. This randomized, blind, crossover, three-period study evaluated the anesthetic efficacy of liposome-encapsulated 3% prilocaine, compared to 3% plain prilocaine and 3% prilocaine with 0.03IU/mL felypressin, after a 1.8-mL infiltration in the buccal sulcus of the maxillary right canine, in 32 volunteers. Anesthesia success, onset, and duration of pulpal and gingival anesthesia in the lateral incisor, and canine and first premolar were evaluated. Injection pain was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS). Results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis (onset and duration of pulpal anesthesia), Tukey (VAS), Friedman (duration of gingival anesthesia), and log-rank and McNemar tests (anesthesia success) (α = 5%). Liposomal prilocaine did not differ from plain prilocaine (P > 0.05), but presented lower anesthesia success and duration for canine, premolar, and gingival anesthesia (P < 0.05) than prilocaine with felypressin. Liposomal prilocaine did not differ from the other formulations concerning onset and anesthesia success for the lateral incisor (p > 0.05); plain prilocaine presented lower success rates and slower onset of anesthesia for this tooth, in comparison to prilocaine with felypressin (P < 0.05). No differences were observed among the formulations in relation to duration of anesthesia for lateral incisor, VAS scores, and onset of gingival and pulpal anesthesia for the canine and premolar (P > 0.05). In conclusion, liposomal prilocaine presents similar anesthetic efficacy in relation to plain prilocaine and lower efficacy, in comparison to prilocaine with felypressin in maxillary infiltration. Prilocaine does not seem to benefit from liposomal encapsulation.

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