RESUMO
Bivalve mollusks have been widely recognized as an important source of foodborne virus. The aim of this work was to determine the presence of norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RVA) in Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas) from Buenos Aires, Argentina. A total of 88 oyster were processed. 7% of pooled samples resulted positive for NoV GII by RT-qPCR. The nucleotide analysis showed that it was closely related to GII.4/Sydney. Regarding RVA, 21% were positive by RT-qPCR targeting the NSP3 gene. RVA from one pool was isolated in cell culture and infective viral particles were evidenced by immunofluorescence. The genotype constellation of RVA/Oyster-wt/Crassostrea gigas_BA/2015/G8P[1] isolated strain was G8-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T6-E2-H3, which has a bovine-like genome backbone. Notably, RVA possesses an E2 genotype which is different from the characteristic E12 genotype of RVA circulating in animal species from South America. Our findings evidence not only the presence of enteric viruses in oysters from Argentina, but most important the viability of RVA. This result pose the need to implement surveillance programs to prevent potential foodborne viral outbreaks due to the consumption of contaminated shellfish.
Assuntos
Crassostrea , Norovirus , Infecções por Rotavirus , Rotavirus , Animais , Argentina , Bovinos , Genoma Viral , Genótipo , Humanos , Norovirus/genética , Filogenia , Rotavirus/genéticaRESUMO
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the usefulness of mycobacteremia detection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with suspected tuberculosis. The study included 47 patients with suspected tuberculosis and confirmed HIV infection. A first blood sample was incubated in a BACTEC 9050 MB system, while white blood cells isolation was performed on a second blood specimen before incubation in a BACTEC MGIT 960 system. The third specimen was taken from the affected organs of each patient according to their clinical profile. Twelve (25.5%) patients were positive for mycobacterial infection identified by any of the methods used. Ten (21.2%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 2 (4.3%) for M. avium. Six patients were diagnosed by the culture of specimen from affected organs only, whilst three other patients were positive exclusively for blood cultures. Three additional patients were diagnosed by both methods. Four patients with negative cultures were ultimately diagnosed with tuberculosis by measuring the adenosine deaminase levels. Mycobacteremia detection can be used to increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacteria in patients with HIV. However, it cannot be used as the sole diagnostic method. Clinical specimen cultures do not provide 100% diagnostic accuracy and it is, therefore, critical to further improve the mycobacteria detection sensitivity.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Complexo Mycobacterium avium/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Tuberculose/complicações , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adenosina Desaminase/metabolismo , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Humanos , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/complicações , Infecção por Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare/microbiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tuberculose/microbiologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio cualitativo basado en experiencias y percepciones de 8 madres de niñas y niños con cáncer, entre los 26 y 38 años, que son las principales cuidadoras de sus hijos(as), mediante entrevistas a profundidad. Este estudio se realizó en Bogotá, en el Servicio de Oncología Pediátrica del Hospital Militar Central (HMC), con el fin de conocer las necesidades prioritarias que surgen de sus vivencias como cuidadoras. Se estableció que, además de enfrentarse con una experiencia altamente compleja relativa a la salud de sus hijos(as), han debido asumir cambios trascendentales en su estilo de vida y han tenido que desarrollar habilidades para su cuidado en casa. Se identifican, entre los cambios fundamentales que han surgido en sus vidas, el traslado de su lugar de vivienda lo cual limita además su posibilidad de contar con redes de apoyo el dejar a un lado su vida laboral y el tener que asumir actividades de cuidado prácticamente permanentes, dadas las condiciones de salud de sus hijas(os). La expresión de sus sentimientos es una necesidad que posponende manera permanente; su rutina diaria no da lugar a su desarrollo personal, siendo sus condiciones psicosociales, además del fortalecimiento de competencias para el cuidado de sus niños(as), prioridades a tenerse en cuenta en acciones a favor de este grupo. Se recomienda generar grupos de apoyo entre ellas así como realizar talleres en que se contemplen sus necesidades y calidad de vida.
Assuntos
Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Qualidade de Vida , Comportamento Materno , Cuidado da Criança , Neoplasias , Criança , Saúde da Criança , Serviços de Saúde da Criança , ColômbiaRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population of symptom-free children who were born to HIV-infected mothers and who subsequently underwent seroreversion from an HIV antibody-positive to an HIV antibody-negative status. DESIGN: Cohort. SETTING: Pediatric HIV program in a community setting. PATIENTS: We used HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and coculture to detect the presence or absence of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 134 children aged 6 to 53 months. All children had HIV antibody at birth and underwent a subsequent seroreversion to antibody-negative status. RESULTS: In 134 children with HIV antibody-negative status, 219 of 220 culture results and 242 of 247 HIV-1 DNA PCR assay results were negative. Six positive laboratory results were obtained for six different children, each of whom had negative results on multiple assays. For HIV-infected children, 56 of 62 cultures and 99 of 104 PCR evaluations showed positive results. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of HIV infection in the group with HIV antibody-negative status. CONCLUSION: We were unable to find evidence of latent HIV type 1 infection in this cohort of symptom-free children who underwent seroreversion to HIV antibody-negative status. The loss of maternal HIV antibody in these children indicates the absence of HIV infection. False-positive PCR and culture results occurred sporadically, indicating that repeated analysis of HIV seropositivity in infants and children is necessary.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/congênito , Soronegatividade para HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Adolescente , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/microbiologia , HIV-1/genética , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Contagem de Leucócitos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos/patologiaRESUMO
Expression of myelin P0 protein by myelinating Schwann cells in vivo is dependent on axonal influences. This report describes P0 gene expression during development of rat sciatic nerve and spinal nerve roots using Northern blotting, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrate that: (1) the appearance of P0 mRNA and P0 protein in Schwann cells during nerve development in the rat begins prenatally, at day 18 post-fertilization (E18); (2) P0 mRNA and P0 protein have essentially identical developmental profiles, and are expressed in Schwann cells that are many days prior to myelin formation; (3) initial P0 gene expression is greatest in Schwann cells at the periphery of nerve bundles and in Schwann cells in contact with motor axons; (4) the decline in P0 expression with nerve maturation is accompanied by a sharp decline in P0 message levels in most Schwann cells, but a small subpopulation of these cells continue to synthesize very high levels of P0 mRNA. This study provides data on myelin P0 protein gene expression and distribution during PNS development and adds further insights into the axonal influences controlling Schwann cell behaviour during myelination of the rat PNS.