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1.
Aust Dent J ; 2024 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39045908

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to summarize existing data and perform technological prospecting on the effect of incorporating antifungal agents into denture base materials in inhibiting Candida spp., as well as to explore the antimicrobial properties of these materials. METHODS: A comprehensive electronic search was carried out in six major bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Lilacs) until February 2024. In addition, international patent databases were also examined. The search process, study and patent selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by researchers. The collected data underwent qualitative analysis. RESULTS: A total of 10 718 articles were identified in the searched databases, of which 40 documents were included for qualitative data analysis (articles: 31; patents: 9). The majority of the studies focused on investigating tissue conditioners (n = 14) and acrylic resins (n = 14). The primary antifungal agents studied were nystatin (n = 15) and fluconazole (n = 13). The most commonly utilized microbiological evaluation methodology was the agar diffusion test (n = 16), followed by the microdilution (n = 7) and biofilm formation assays (n = 7). All of the studies investigated the inhibitory effect of these materials against Candida species. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of antifungal agents into denture base materials has been extensively studied and has shown a significant inhibitory response against Candida spp. across various methodological assays.

2.
Rev Neurol ; 78(6): 157-170, 2024 Mar 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38482703

RESUMO

Clinical trials of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for people with multiple sclerosis (pMS) are conducted in selected populations, excluding patients with comorbidities or concomitant medications. However, a large percentage of pMS have some additional disease, which could affect the response and choice of the DMT. The objective of this review is to assess how concurrent pathologies can impact the choice of DMTs. Relevant articles were selected through a systematic search in PubMed. Comorbidities were grouped for better classification into autoimmune, chronic infections, cardiovascular and metabolic, oncological and neuropsychiatric. In autoimmune pathologies, it is key to take into account the effects of TME on them and the possibility of interaction with their specific treatments. Immunomodulatory therapies are safe for people with chronic infections. Immunosuppressive treatments are generally contraindicated in people with active infections. In cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, infusion reactions associated with monoclonal antibodies, and the phenomena of starting treatment with S1P modulators, must be taken into account. DMTs with an immunosuppressive effect are contraindicated in people with active malignancies. Although psychiatric pathology per se does not preclude the use of DMTs, caution should be exercised when new psychiatric symptoms appear. For these reasons, among the multiple factors that must be considered when starting or changing a DMT in pMS, comorbidities constitute a decisive element.


TITLE: Comorbilidades en la esclerosis múltiple y su influencia en la elección del tratamiento.Los estudios clínicos de tratamientos para personas con esclerosis múltiple (pEM) se realizan en poblaciones seleccionadas, que excluyen a pacientes que presenten comorbilidades o medicaciones concomitantes. Sin embargo, un gran porcentaje de las pEM tiene alguna enfermedad adicional, que podría afectar a la respuesta y la elección del tratamiento. El objetivo de esta revisión es valorar cómo pueden las diferentes patologías concurrentes impactar en la elección de las terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad (TME) en las pEM. Se seleccionaron artículos relevantes mediante búsqueda en PubMed. Las comorbilidades se agruparon, a los fines de mejor ordenamiento de los artículos encontrados, en patologías diversas: autoinmunes, infecciones crónicas, cardiovasculares, respiratorias, metabólicas, oncológicas, neuropsiquiátricas y epilepsia. En cuanto a las patologías autoinmunes, es clave tener en cuenta los efectos de las TME sobre ellas y la posibilidad de interacción con sus tratamientos específicos. Las terapias inmunomoduladoras son seguras para personas con infecciones crónicas. Los tratamientos inmunosupresores, en general, están contraindicados en personas con infecciones activas. En las comorbilidades cardiovasculares y metabólicas deben tenerse en cuenta las potenciales reacciones de infusión asociadas a anticuerpos monoclonales, y los fenómenos asociados al inicio de tratamiento con moduladores del receptor de la esfingosina-1-fosfato. Las TME con efecto inmunosupresor están contraindicadas en personas con malignidades activas. Aunque la patología psiquiátrica de por sí no impide el uso de TME, debería tenerse precaución cuando aparecen nuevos síntomas psiquiátricos, y siempre tenerse en cuenta su monitorización y tratamiento. Por este motivo, entre los múltiples factores que deben considerarse a la hora de iniciar o cambiar una TME en pEM, las comorbilidades constituyen un elemento muchas veces decisivo.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Esclerose Múltipla/complicações , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Comorbidade
4.
Rev Neurol ; 72(1): 23-32, 2021 01 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33378076

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The identification, diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) show significant differences between health care professionals in Argentina. AIM: To provide consensus recommendations on the management of patients with SPMS in Argentina to optimize patient care. DEVELOPMENT: A panel of expert neurologists from Argentina dedicated to the diagnosis and care of multiple sclerosis patients gathered during 2019 and 2020 to carry out a consensus recommendation on the diagnosis and treatment of SPMS patients in Argentina. To achieve consensus, the methodology of 'formal consensus-RAND/UCLA method' was used. Recommendations were established based on published evidence and the expert opinion. Recommendations focused on how to define SPMS and how to follow SPMS patients. CONCLUSION: The recommendations of this consensus guidelines attempt to optimize the care of SPMS patients in Argentina.


TITLE: Consenso sobre la identificación y seguimiento de la esclerosis múltiple secundaria progresiva en Argentina.Introducción. Existen diferencias significativas en el diagnóstico, la identificación y el seguimiento de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple secundaria progresiva (EMSP) entre los profesionales de la salud a cargo de su tratamiento. Objetivo. Proveer recomendaciones sobre el tratamiento de los pacientes con EMSP en Argentina con el fin de optimizar su cuidado. Desarrollo. Un grupo de neurólogos expertos en esclerosis múltiple de Argentina elaboró un consenso para el tratamiento de pacientes con EMSP en la región mediante metodología de ronda de encuestas a distancia y reuniones presenciales. Se establecieron 33 recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia publicada y en el criterio de los expertos que participaron. Las recomendaciones se enfocaron en el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de los pacientes con EMSP. Conclusión. Las recomendaciones establecidas en el presente consenso permitirían optimizar el cuidado y el seguimiento de los pacientes con EMSP en Argentina.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla Crônica Progressiva/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla Crônica Progressiva/terapia , Argentina , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
6.
Ars vet ; 36(4): 230-235, 2020.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-765138

RESUMO

A adoção de práticas fraudulentas é comum na cadeia produtiva do mel e está associada à popularidade desse alimento e a dificuldade de detecção da adulteração do produto a olho nu ou por degustação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se práticas fraudulentas são adotadas em méis comercializados no estado do Pará. Para a realização da pesquisa, 14 amostras comerciais de méis provenientes de 06 (seis) municípios, no estado do Pará foram submetidas às análises Lund, Fiehe, Lugol e melissopalinologia. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que 57,14% das amostras apresentaram alteração do precipitado para reação de Lund, indicando alteração no teor proteico. A coloração o azul intenso na reação de Lugol foi observada em 64,28% das amostras, indicando possível adição de amido. Ainda, 85,71% das amostras analisadas apresentaram mudança de coloração para a reação de Fiehe, indicando alteração no teor de hidroximetilfurfural. O conteúdo polínico foi observado em somente 35,71% das amostras e apenas 2,42% do total das amostras analisadas foram consideradas autenticas mediante as análises realizadas. Concluímos que os testes de autenticidade, quando aplicados em conjunto, foram capazes de detectar fraudes nas mostras de mel comercializadas no estado do Pará e que adulterações nos méis comercialmente disponíveis na região alvo do estudo são uma realidade.

7.
Ars Vet. ; 36(4): 230-235, 2020. tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29931

RESUMO

A adoção de práticas fraudulentas é comum na cadeia produtiva do mel e está associada à popularidade desse alimento e a dificuldade de detecção da adulteração do produto a olho nu ou por degustação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se práticas fraudulentas são adotadas em méis comercializados no estado do Pará. Para a realização da pesquisa, 14 amostras comerciais de méis provenientes de 06 (seis) municípios, no estado do Pará foram submetidas às análises Lund, Fiehe, Lugol e melissopalinologia. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que 57,14% das amostras apresentaram alteração do precipitado para reação de Lund, indicando alteração no teor proteico. A coloração o azul intenso na reação de Lugol foi observada em 64,28% das amostras, indicando possível adição de amido. Ainda, 85,71% das amostras analisadas apresentaram mudança de coloração para a reação de Fiehe, indicando alteração no teor de hidroximetilfurfural. O conteúdo polínico foi observado em somente 35,71% das amostras e apenas 2,42% do total das amostras analisadas foram consideradas autenticas mediante as análises realizadas. Concluímos que os testes de autenticidade, quando aplicados em conjunto, foram capazes de detectar fraudes nas mostras de mel comercializadas no estado do Pará e que adulterações nos méis comercialmente disponíveis na região alvo do estudo são uma realidade.(AU)


The adoption of fraudulents practices is common in the honey production chain and is associated with the popularity of this food and the difficulty of detecting adulteration of the honey with the naked eye or by tasting. The objective of this work was to verify if fraudulent practices are adopted in honeys sold in the state of Pará. To carry out the research, 14 commercial samples of honeys from 06 (six) municipalities, in the state of Pará, were submitted to Lund, Fiehe, Lugol and melissopalinology. The results obtained showed 57.14% of the samples showed a change in the precipitate for Lund's reaction, indicating a change in protein content. The intense blue staining in the Lugol reaction was observed in 64.28% of the samples, indicating a possible addition of starch. In addition, 85.71% of the samples showed a color change for the Fiehe reaction, indicating a change in the hydroxymethylfurfural content. Pollen content was observed in only 35.71% of the samples and only 21.42% of the total samples analyzed were considered authentic through the analyzes performe. We conclude that the authenticity tests, when applied together, were able to detect fraud in honey samples marketed in the state of Pará and that adulterations in the honey commercially available in the target region of the study are a reality.(AU)


Assuntos
Mel , Contaminação de Alimentos , Fraude
8.
Ars vet ; 36(4): 230-235, 2020. tab
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1463556

RESUMO

A adoção de práticas fraudulentas é comum na cadeia produtiva do mel e está associada à popularidade desse alimento e a dificuldade de detecção da adulteração do produto a olho nu ou por degustação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se práticas fraudulentas são adotadas em méis comercializados no estado do Pará. Para a realização da pesquisa, 14 amostras comerciais de méis provenientes de 06 (seis) municípios, no estado do Pará foram submetidas às análises Lund, Fiehe, Lugol e melissopalinologia. Os resultados obtidos demostraram que 57,14% das amostras apresentaram alteração do precipitado para reação de Lund, indicando alteração no teor proteico. A coloração o azul intenso na reação de Lugol foi observada em 64,28% das amostras, indicando possível adição de amido. Ainda, 85,71% das amostras analisadas apresentaram mudança de coloração para a reação de Fiehe, indicando alteração no teor de hidroximetilfurfural. O conteúdo polínico foi observado em somente 35,71% das amostras e apenas 2,42% do total das amostras analisadas foram consideradas autenticas mediante as análises realizadas. Concluímos que os testes de autenticidade, quando aplicados em conjunto, foram capazes de detectar fraudes nas mostras de mel comercializadas no estado do Pará e que adulterações nos méis comercialmente disponíveis na região alvo do estudo são uma realidade.


The adoption of fraudulents practices is common in the honey production chain and is associated with the popularity of this food and the difficulty of detecting adulteration of the honey with the naked eye or by tasting. The objective of this work was to verify if fraudulent practices are adopted in honeys sold in the state of Pará. To carry out the research, 14 commercial samples of honeys from 06 (six) municipalities, in the state of Pará, were submitted to Lund, Fiehe, Lugol and melissopalinology. The results obtained showed 57.14% of the samples showed a change in the precipitate for Lund's reaction, indicating a change in protein content. The intense blue staining in the Lugol reaction was observed in 64.28% of the samples, indicating a possible addition of starch. In addition, 85.71% of the samples showed a color change for the Fiehe reaction, indicating a change in the hydroxymethylfurfural content. Pollen content was observed in only 35.71% of the samples and only 21.42% of the total samples analyzed were considered authentic through the analyzes performe. We conclude that the authenticity tests, when applied together, were able to detect fraud in honey samples marketed in the state of Pará and that adulterations in the honey commercially available in the target region of the study are a reality.


Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Fraude , Mel
9.
Arch Virol ; 161(6): 1711-4, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26973227

RESUMO

Since the first report in Costa Rica in 1971, bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV) has been found in Colombia, El Salvador, Guatemala and Brazil. In this study, the complete genome sequence of a soybean isolate of BRMV from Paraná State, Brazil, was determined. The BRMV genome consists of two polyadenylated RNAs. RNA1 is 5909 nucleotides long and encodes a single polypeptide of 1856 amino acids (aa), with an estimated molecular weight of 210 kDa. The RNA1 polyprotein contains the polypeptides for viral replication and proteolytic processing. RNA2 is 3644 nucleotides long and codes for a single polypeptide of 1097 aa, containing the movement and coat proteins. This is the first complete genome sequence of BRMV. When compared with available aa sequences of comoviruses, the highest identities of BRMV coat proteins and proteinase polymerase were 57.5 and 58 %, respectively. These were below the 75 and 80 % identity limits, respectively, established for species demarcation in the genus. This confirms that BRMV is a member of a distinct species in the genus Comovirus.


Assuntos
Comovirus/genética , Glycine max/virologia , Brasil , Comovirus/classificação , Comovirus/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética
10.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 130(5): 342-53, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24850482

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence on and estimate the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in bipolar disorder. METHOD: A systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and bibliographies (1946 - May, 2013) was conducted. Case-control and cohort studies of bipolar disorder patients age 15 or older with myocardial infarction or stroke as outcomes were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed quality. Estimates of effect were summarized using random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Five cohort studies including 13 115 911 participants (27 092 bipolar) were included. Due to the use of registers, different statistical methods, and inconsistent adjustment for confounders, there was significant methodological heterogeneity among studies. The exploratory meta-analysis yielded no evidence for a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction: [relative risk (RR): 1.09, 95% CI 0.96-1.24, P = 0.20; I(2)  = 6%]. While there was evidence of significant study heterogeneity, the risk of stroke in bipolar disorder was significantly increased (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.29-2.35; P = 0.0003; I(2)  = 83%). CONCLUSION: There may be a differential risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with bipolar disorder. Confidence in these pooled estimates was limited by the small number of studies, significant heterogeneity and dissimilar methodological features.


Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Dinamarca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Risco , Medição de Risco/métodos , Medição de Risco/estatística & dados numéricos , Suécia/epidemiologia , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
11.
Nanotechnology ; 23(25): 255305, 2012 Jun 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22652838

RESUMO

In this work, we clarify the features of the lateral damage of line defects in single layer graphene. The line defects were produced through well-controlled etching of graphene using a Ga(+) focused ion beam. The lateral damage length was obtained from both the integrated intensity of the disorder induced Raman D band and the minimum ion fluence. Also, the line defects were characterized by polarized Raman spectroscopy. It was found that graphene is resilient under the etching conditions since the intensity of the defect induced Raman D peak exhibits a dependence on the direction of the lines relative to the crystalline lattice and also on the direction of the laser polarization relative to the lines. In addition, electrical measurements of the modified graphene were performed. Different ion fluences were used in order to obtain a completely insulating defect line in graphene, which was determined experimentally by means of charge injection and electric force microscopy measurements. These studies demonstrate that a Ga+ ion column combined with Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique to produce and understand well-defined periodic arrays of defects in graphene, opening possibilities for better control of nanocarbon devices.

12.
IARC Sci Publ ; (162): 85-8, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21675408

RESUMO

The Costa Rica national tumour registry was founded in 1976 and nationwide data collection commenced in 1980. Cancer registration is predominantly done by passive methods. The registry contributed data on survival for invasive cancers of breast and cervix and in situ cancer of the cervix registered during 1995-2000. Followup has been carried out predominantly by passive methods, with median follow-up ranging from 31-47 months. The proportion of cases with histological confirmation of cancer diagnosis was 92% for invasive cancers and almost 100% for in-situ cancer of the cervix; death certificates only (DCOs) comprised 3%, and 78-86% of total cases registered were included for survival analysis. The one-, three- and five-year relative survival were 93%, 77% and 68%, respectively for breast cancer; the corresponding figures for invasive cervix cancer were 83%, 61% and 54%, respectively. The five-year relative survival for in-situ cervix cancer was 99%. A decreasing survival with increasing age group at diagnosis was noted for in-situ cancer of the cervix, while it fluctuated for invasive breast and cervix cancers. A decreasing survival with increasing clinical extent of disease was noted for invasive breast and cervix cancers.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Tempo
13.
Vet Parasitol ; 176(2-3): 201-7, 2011 Mar 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21163579

RESUMO

The aim was to determine the persistent efficacy of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) against Haemonchus contortus in sheep, using the harmonization guidelines protocol. Thirty-six male lambs (2 months old) reared free of gastrointestinal nematodes were used (average body weight of 10.8±3.8kg). Before and for the duration of the study, lambs were kept in raised cages with slatted floors and were offered ad libitum a complete mixed diet. Animals were divided into six groups (n=6): one non-treated control group (G0) and five groups treated with one COWP capsule (1.7g of copper oxide; Copinox(®)). Animals in each group were treated on pre-defined dates before the artificial infection was applied: days -35 (G1), -28 (G2), -21 (G3), -14 (G4) and -7 (G5). On day 0 animals were infected with 3700 H. contortus infective larvae per animal. Animals were humanely slaughtered between days 22 and 23 post-infection. The abomasums were individually washed to obtain the contents. These organs were subjected to separate artificial digestions. Adult parasites were counted from the abomasum contents and the larvae from the digested material. Worm burden geometric means were calculated for each group. A significant worm burden reduction in either of the treated groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) compared to the control (G0) was considered as persistence of the anthelmintic effect. Copper levels were determined from individual liver samples of each animal. The geometric mean worm burden of the control group (G0) was 1959. Compared to the control, worm burdens geometric means were significantly reduced in groups G1 (1108), G4 (528) and G5 (1063) (P<0.03). Efficacies in G1, G4 and G5 were 43.4%, 73.0% and 45.7% respectively. No significant reduction was found for G2 (1342) and G3 (1430). A larger quantity of Cu was found in the livers of treated animals compared to the control group (P<0.05) except for G3 (P=0.06). A negative association between Cu liver content and worm burdens was found (r=-0.42, P<0.05). Live weight gain was similar in all groups and no clinical or post-mortem manifestations of Cu toxicity were recorded in treated animals.


Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Cobre/uso terapêutico , Hemoncose/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Cobre/administração & dosagem , Haemonchus , Masculino , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia
14.
Arq. Inst. Biol. (Online) ; 77(4): 741-750, out.-dez. 2010.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1395925

RESUMO

Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.


The molecular methods for quick and efficient detection of chicken lots infected by bacteria such as Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. and Listeria monoytogenes is basic for the effort to reduce the frequency of the transmission between chicken lots and to the consumers of poultry products. Recently, the development of techniques involving molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction, which allows the specific enlargement of segments of DNA, has been making new procedures possible for the identification of the abovementioned bacteria, reducing the time necessary for the tests and enhancing the reliability of the resulting diagnoses. The use of molecular biology in laboratories for human and animal diagnosis, as well as in quality control programs for foods and products of animal origin is already a reality and has tended to expand quickly. The objective of this article is to present a brief review of the conventional diagnostic and molecular tests for the identification of Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, molecular diagnosis is a field undergoing scientific and technological advancement, in which new molecular techniques are under development for the diagnosis of bacteria in foods.


Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Salmonelose Animal/diagnóstico , Infecções por Campylobacter/diagnóstico , Listeriose/diagnóstico , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Listeria monocytogenes/isolamento & purificação
15.
Kasmera ; 38(1): 69-77, ene.-jun. 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-654060

RESUMO

La rabia representa un importante problema de salud pública en el estado Zulia, constituyendo en Venezuela la entidad con mayor incidencia de casos en animales y humanos, registrándose 25 muertes humanas por rabia durante el período enero 1993 - junio 2009. Describir su comportamiento epidemiológico durante este período constituye nuestro objetivo. Estudio epidemiológico realizado: observacional, descriptivo. La muestra incluyó todos los casos confirmados como rabia humana en la entidad durante este lapso (n = 25), con edades entre 2-57 años, de ambos sexos y procedentes de 7 municipios con incidencia. Datos tomados de los informes de casos de rabia de la Dirección Regional de Epidemiología. Los resultados están expresados en porcentajes, promedios, intervalos de confianza, tasa de letalidad y distribuciones según edad, sexo y municipio de ocurrencia. La mayor incidencia ocurrió en varones (68%). El grupo entre 2-10 años resultó mayormente afectado (60%). El 80% casos no efectuó consulta post exposición no recibiendo inmunoprofilaxia oportuna. La Inmunofluorescencia directa fue utilizada para confirmación diagnóstica. El conocimiento sobre las formas de transmisión de rabia es crucial para prevenirla; el tiempo entre la inoculación viral y la invasión neural es quizá el único período para una inmunoprofilaxia efectiva


Rabies represents a major public health problem in the State of Zulia, constituting the entitywith the highest incidence of animal and human cases in Venezuela, registering 25 human deathsby rabies from January, 1993 – June, 2009. The objective of this study is to describe its epidemiologicalbehavior during this period; the epidemiological study was observational and descriptive.The sample included all cases confirmed as human rabies in the entity during this period (n = 25);they were between 2 and 57 years of age, from both sexes and 7 municipalities. Data was takenfrom the reports of rabies cases in the Regional Epidemiology Direction. The results are expressedin percentages, means, confidence intervals, mortality rate and distributions according to age, sexand municipality of occurrence. The highest incidence was in males (68%).The group between2-10 years was principally affected (60%). Eighty per cent of the cases did not seek post-exposureconsultation and did not receive timely prophylaxis. The direct fluorescent antibody test was usedfor diagnostic confirmation. Knowledge about forms of rabies transmission is crucial for its prevention;the time between viral inoculation and neural invasion is perhaps the only period for aneffective prophylaxis


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Criança , Raiva/diagnóstico , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/mortalidade , Saúde Pública
16.
Arq. Inst. Biol. ; 77(4)2010.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-761825

RESUMO

ABSTRACT The molecular methods for quick and efficient detection of chicken lots infected by bacteria such as Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. and Listeria monoytogenes is basic for the effort to reduce the frequency of the transmission between chicken lots and to the consumers of poultry products. Recently, the development of techniques involving molecular biology, especially polymerase chain reaction, which allows the specific enlargement of segments of DNA, has been making new procedures possible for the identification of the abovementioned bacteria, reducing the time necessary for the tests and enhancing the reliability of the resulting diagnoses. The use of molecular biology in laboratories for human and animal diagnosis, as well as in quality control programs for foods and products of animal origin is already a reality and has tended to expand quickly. The objective of this article is to present a brief review of the conventional diagnostic and molecular tests for the identification of Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. In conclusion, molecular diagnosis is a field undergoing scientific and technological advancement, in which new molecular techniques are under development for the diagnosis of bacteria in foods.


RESUMO Os métodos moleculares de detecção rápida e eficaz de lotes de aves infectados por bactérias como Salmonella sp. Campylobacter sp. e Listeria monocytogenes são importantes para reduzir a frequência da transmissão destes patógenos entre os lotes de aves e aos consumidores de produtos de origem animal. Recentemente, as técnicas de biologia molecular, em especial a reação em cadeia polimerase, que permite a amplificação específica de segmentos de DNA, têm possibilitado novos rumos na identificação de bactérias supracitadas, reduzindo o tempo de cultivo e ampliando a confiabilidade das provas diagnósticas. A utilização da biologia molecular por laboratórios de diagnóstico humano e animal, assim como em programas de controle de qualidade de alimentos e produtos de origem animal, já é realidade e tende a se expandir rapidamente. O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma breve revisão dos testes diagnósticos convencionais e moleculares para identificar Campylobacter sp., Salmonella sp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Concluindo, o diagnóstico molecular é um campo em avanço científico e tecnológico, no qual novas técnicas moleculares estão em desenvolvimento para o diagnóstico de bactérias em alimentos.

17.
Phys Rev Lett ; 102(2): 025501, 2009 Jan 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19257288

RESUMO

The mechanical response of single-wall carbon nanotubes to radial compression is investigated via atomic force microscopy (AFM). We find that the force F applied by an AFM tip (with radius R) onto a nanotube (with diameter d), rescaled through the quantity Fd;{3/2}(2R);{-1/2}, falls into a universal curve as a function of the compressive strain. Such universality is reproduced analytically in a model where the graphene bending modulus is the only fitting parameter. The application of this model to the radial Young's modulus E_{r} leads to a further universal-type behavior which explains the large variations of nanotube E_{r} reported in the literature.

18.
Phys Rev Lett ; 100(25): 256804, 2008 Jun 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18643691

RESUMO

We report the direct experimental observation of the semiconductor-metal transition in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) induced by compression with the tip of an atomic force microscope. This transition is probed via electric force microscopy by monitoring SWNT charge storage. Experimental data show that such charge storage is different for metallic and semiconducting SWNTs, with the latter presenting a strong dependence on the tip-SWNT force during injection. Ab initio calculations corroborate experimental observations and their interpretation.

19.
Transplant Proc ; 40(4): 1068-9, 2008 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18555117

RESUMO

A favorable attitude of health professionals to organ donation can positively influence the decision of families of potential donors. By increasing health professionals knowledge about donation and transplantation and qualifying them to disseminate information, education has produced a positive response to increase the insufficient number of donors. Educating students early in their careers may become crucial in this setting. In order to supply the necessary information about the process of donation and transplantation, a medical school in association with the Hospital Transplant Coordination Department created an educational program of organ donation and transplantation. This course is intended for medical, biomedical, and nutrition students. The objective of our program is to supply basic knowledge about organ donation and transplantation to students of medicine, nutrition, and biomedicine and to enhance their commitment to this process. Each semester, 50 to 90 students are enrolled in the course, which involves a total of 25 hours. Various aspects are approached such as brain death, donor management, political and legal aspects of donation, and skin, lung, bone marrow, heart, pancreas, liver, and kidney transplantation. Between March 2006 and June 2007, three courses were carried out and 200 students were trained. The students evaluated the course and rated it as excellent, concluding that it contributed to their education. Their attitude toward organ donation and transplantation was strongly positive at the end of the course. This project aims to educate and stimulate students in the process of organ donation and transplantation and should be implemented in other medical schools.


Assuntos
Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/normas , Morte Encefálica , Currículo , Família , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Faculdades de Medicina , Imunologia de Transplantes
20.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 75(1)2008.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1461925

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Viruses associated with sugarcane mosaic are disseminated in all sugarcane producing areas, and also may infect maize, sorghum and other gramineous plants. The objective of this study was to determine some properties of two virus isolates causing mosaic in the sugarcane clone RB925268 and RB945950, from the state of Paraná, compared to those of isolates from sugarcane varieties RB72454 and SP86-155 from the state of São Paulo. Brazil. The symptom severity and the time of their appearance differed for each isolate in the inoculated plants. RT-PCR reactions with SCMV specific primers allowed for the amplification of 900-bp fragments of the virus coat protein open reading frame (ORF). The restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern (RFLP) obtained with HinfI treatment of the RT-PCR products revealed nucleotide sequence variations indicating there could be different SCMV strains among these isolates.


RESUMO Os vírus causadores do mosaico da cana-de-açúcar encontram-se disseminados em todas as regiões canavieiras do mundo, podendo infectar culturas de milho, sorgo e outras gramíneas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as propriedades de isolados paranaenses dos clones de cana-de-açúcar RB925268 e RB945950, e compará-los com isolados das variedades RB72454 e SP86155 do Estado de São Paulo. Foram observadas variações na severidade, e no tempo necessário para a manifestação dos sintomas nas plantas inoculadas com cada isolado. Através da reação de RT-PCR com oligonucleotídeos para o SCMV, obteve-se a amplificação de fragmentos com aproximadamente 900 pb da ORF codificadora da protéica capsidial. O padrão de RFLP resultante do tratamento dos produtos de RT-PCR com a enzima HinfI revelou variações na seqüência de nucleotídeos, indicando que possam existir diferentes estirpes do SCMV entre os isolados.

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