RESUMO
Cancer is the deadliest human disease and the development of new diagnosis methods is important to increase the chances of a cure. In this work it was developed a new method, named here for the first time as cerumenogram, using cerumen (earwax) as a new biomatrix for diagnosis. Earwax samples collected from cancer patients (cancer group) and cancer-free patients (control group) were analyzed by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS/GC-MS), following with multivariate analysis steps to process the raw data generated. In total, 158 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) were identified in the cerumen samples. The 27 selected as potential VOMs biomarkers for cancer provided 100% discrimination between the cancer and control groups. This new test can thus be routinely employed for cancer diagnoses that is non-invasive, fast, cheap, and highly accurate.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Cerume/metabolismo , Metabolômica/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neoplasias/etiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análiseRESUMO
Changes in volatile constituents and phenolic compounds were investigated during fruit development of three pitanga biotypes. Constituents were submitted to multivariate analysis and fruit samples were differentiated by selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one (38.2⯱â¯2.9%) and its epoxide (26.4⯱â¯7.2%) for the red-orange biotype; by curzerene (15.04⯱â¯2.1%) and atractylone (8.47⯱â¯2.1%) for the red biotype; and by spathulenol (3.7⯱â¯0.8%) and germacrone (54.7⯱â¯3.1%) for the purple biotype. Hydrolysable tannins such as mono-O-galloyl-d-glucose, 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-ß-d-glucose, tellimagrandin II, and eugeniflorin D2 were identified, as well as oenothein B as the major compound (32.43⯱â¯7.1â¯mg/g dry fruit). During pitanga's maturation, anthocyanin content increased, while flavonoid and tannin contents decreased. Higher contents of the majority of phenolic compounds occurred in the red-orange biotype. Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds was influenced by biotype and degree of maturation, whereas chemovariation in essential oil constituents was mainly due to biotypes, thus confirming essential oil chemotypes of E. uniflora.