RESUMO
There has been growth in the use of psychedelics by the global population in recent years. In addition to recreational and ritualistic use, recent research into psychedelics has brought advances for treating mental disorders. Understanding the specific circumstances in which psilocybin leads to positive outcomes may have important implications for the future of its clinical use and for harm reduction initiatives. This study aimed to investigate the positive effects from the consumption of psilocybin through public online self-reports. We sought to investigate health benefits promoted by the consumption of the substance, positive acute effects, and contextual details of these experiences. We analyzed 846 reports with the assistance of the IRaMuTeQ textual analysis software, adopting the procedures of Descending Hierarchical Classification, Correspondence Factor Analysis, and Specificities Analysis. The texts were grouped in 5 clusters, describing the content of mental experiences, cognitive processes, somatic experiences, perceptual alterations, and context of administration. The findings of this study reinforce central axes of the psychedelic experience, such as the presence of somatic and visual alterations, connectedness and feeling one with the world and effects of setting, as well as the beneficial character of mystical experiences this substance promotes, and the importance of the ego-dissolution phenomenon.
RESUMO
Tembotrione herbicide residues from maize crops in the soil can affect the growth of sensitive crops in succession, such as potatoes. In this sense, this study sought to evaluate the residual effect of tembotrione on growth and development of potato plants. A field experiment with randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted. The treatments were incorporated to the soil one day before the planting of the Atlantic potato cultivar and consisted of four doses of tembotrione: 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.4 g ha-1; representing 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.0% of the recommended dose for maize, and a control treatment (without herbicide and weeding). Fresh matter mass of tuber (FMMT), number of stems (NS), number of tubers (NT) per plant and total dry matter mass (aerial parts and stem) (DMM) were evaluated at 60 and 90 days. FMMT, NT and DMM decreased with increasing doses of tembotrione. The largest reductions on both evaluated seasons were found for the 50.4 g ha-1 i.a. dose. The number of stems was not influenced by the tembotrione herbicide doses regardless of evaluated season. The results indicated that the presence of tembotrione in soil reduced growth and the number of tubers produced by potato plants.
Os resíduos do herbicida tembotrione no solo, proveniente de cultivos de milho, podem afetar o crescimento de culturas sensíveis, como a batata, em sucessão. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do herbicida tembotrione sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da batateira. Realizou-se um experimento de campo em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram incorporados ao solo um dia antes do plantio da batata cultivar Atlantic e constituídos de quatro doses de tembotrione: 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50,4 g ha-1, representando 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50% da dose recomendada para a cultura do milho, e um tratamento controle (sem herbicida e capinada). Aos 60 e 90 dias após o plantio foram avaliadas a massa de matéria fresca de tubérculo (MMFT), o número de hastes (NH), o número de tubérculos (NT) por planta e a massa de matéria seca total (parte aérea + haste) (MMST). A MMFT, NT e MMST decresceram com o aumento das doses do tembotrione, sendo que as maiores reduções encontradas, nas duas épocas avaliadas, foram na dose de 50,4 g ha-1 i.a. O número de hastes não foi influenciado pelas doses do herbicida tembotrione independente da época avaliada. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a presença de tembotrione no solo reduziu o crescimento e a quantidade de tubérculos produzidos pela batateira.
RESUMO
Tembotrione herbicide residues from maize crops in the soil can affect the growth of sensitive crops in succession, such as potatoes. In this sense, this study sought to evaluate the residual effect of tembotrione on growth and development of potato plants. A field experiment with randomized blocks design with four replications was conducted. The treatments were incorporated to the soil one day before the planting of the Atlantic potato cultivar and consisted of four doses of tembotrione: 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.4 g ha-1; representing 8.4; 16.8; 33.6 and 50.0% of the recommended dose for maize, and a control treatment (without herbicide and weeding). Fresh matter mass of tuber (FMMT), number of stems (NS), number of tubers (NT) per plant and total dry matter mass (aerial parts and stem) (DMM) were evaluated at 60 and 90 days. FMMT, NT and DMM decreased with increasing doses of tembotrione. The largest reductions on both evaluated seasons were found for the 50.4 g ha-1 i.a. dose. The number of stems was not influenced by the tembotrione herbicide doses regardless of evaluated season. The results indicated that the presence of tembotrione in soil reduced growth and the number of tubers produced by potato plants.(AU)
Os resíduos do herbicida tembotrione no solo, proveniente de cultivos de milho, podem afetar o crescimento de culturas sensíveis, como a batata, em sucessão. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do herbicida tembotrione sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da batateira. Realizou-se um experimento de campo em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram incorporados ao solo um dia antes do plantio da batata cultivar Atlantic e constituídos de quatro doses de tembotrione: 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50,4 g ha-1, representando 8,4; 16,8; 33,6 e 50% da dose recomendada para a cultura do milho, e um tratamento controle (sem herbicida e capinada). Aos 60 e 90 dias após o plantio foram avaliadas a massa de matéria fresca de tubérculo (MMFT), o número de hastes (NH), o número de tubérculos (NT) por planta e a massa de matéria seca total (parte aérea + haste) (MMST). A MMFT, NT e MMST decresceram com o aumento das doses do tembotrione, sendo que as maiores reduções encontradas, nas duas épocas avaliadas, foram na dose de 50,4 g ha-1 i.a. O número de hastes não foi influenciado pelas doses do herbicida tembotrione independente da época avaliada. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a presença de tembotrione no solo reduziu o crescimento e a quantidade de tubérculos produzidos pela batateira.(AU)