RESUMO

Se investigó la prevalencia y distribución de parásitos intestinales (PI) en niños de 2 poblaciones de diferente nivel socioeconómico del área periurbana de la ciudad de Neuquén (Sectores I y II) a fin de evaluar su relación con las condiciones de hábitat y factores socio-económicos. Se procesaron muestras seriadas de materia fecal y de escobillado anal de 126 niños entre 2 y 14 años de edad. Se registraron datos acerca de condiciones de hábitat y factores socioeconómicos mediante visitas domiciliarias y encuestas observaciones estructuradas. Se detectó presencia de PI en el 50,7 por ciento de los niños del Sector I (barrio suburbano con adecuadas condiciones sanitarias y nivel socioeconómico medio o medio-bajo) y en el 92,9 por ciento de los niños del Sector II (asentamiento marginal con deficientes condiciones sanitarias y bajo nivel socioeconómico). Se identificaron 7 especies de protozoos intestinales y 4 especies de helmintos. Blastocystis hominis fue la especie más frecuente encontrada en ambas poblaciones. No se encontraron helmintos diferentes de Enterobius vermicularis en el Sector I y la prevalencia de tales especies fue muy baja en el Sector II. Las condiciones de hábitat deficientes y los bajos parámetros socioeconómicos se relacionaron con una mayor prevalencia de PI de transmisión directa como protozoos y E. vermicularis en las poblaciones estudiadas. Sin embargo, aún en ese contexto favorable a la transmisión, las especies parasitarias que requieren estadíos intermedios de maduración en el suelo no encuentran un hábitat adecuado para su diseminación en esta región patagónica.

The prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites (IP) were investigated in children from two populations of different socioeconomic level, located in the same area of the city of Neuquén, in order to evaluate their relationship with habitat conditions and socioeconomic factors. Serial samples of faeces and anal scraping of 126 children between 2 and 14 years from two sectors of the suburban area of Neuquen (Sector I and Sector II) were analyzed. Data concerning habitat conditions and socioeconomic parameters were obtained by home visits and an observational structured survey. Presence of IP was detected in 50.7% of children from Sector I (suburban neighborhood with adequate sanitary conditions and middle or middle low socioeconomic level) and in 92.9% from children of Sector II (marginal settlement with poor sanitary conditions and low socioeconomic status). Seven intestinal protozoan and 4 helminth species were identified. Blastocystis hominis was the most frequent species found in both populations. No helminths different from Enterobius vermicularis were found in Sector I and the prevalence of such species was very low in Sector II. Deficient habitat conditions and low socioeconomic parameters showed relation with a higher prevalence of IP of direct transmission as protozoan and E.vermicularis in the studied populations. Nevertheless, even in this context favourable to transmission, the parasitic species which require intermediate stages of development in soil, don't find an adequate habitat for dissemination in this region

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of eggs, larva, cysts and oocysts of intestinal parasites in the soil of a suburb of Neuquén city during 1 year in order to evaluate their seasonal fluctuations in relation to climatic data and soil characteristics in the studied area. METHODS: A total of 107 soil samples were processed for parasite isolation by sedimentation and flotation methods during the four seasons of the year. Meteorological data were registered and physical, chemical and structural characteristics of the soil were analysed. RESULTS: About 28.9% of the soil samples were positive for at least one parasite form. Six protozoa species (cysts of Entamoeba sp., Enteromonas sp., Endolimax sp., Giardia sp., Iodamoeba sp. and coccidia oocysts) were recovered, but neither larvae nor eggs of human or animal helminths parasites were detected. The percentage of contaminated soil samples and the diversity of species showed a marked decrease in the warm and dry months of the summer. The soil was sandy, without vegetable cover, well drained, and with scarce organic matter content. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of parasite recovery and the number of species show seasonal fluctuations related to the rainfall. The importance of soil as a risk factor for the transmission of intestinal parasites in the studied area is conditioned by its structural characteristics, which prevent retaining the humidity, and by climatic variables. The interrelation of both factors determines unfavourable conditions that could explain the low level of contamination observed in soil as well as the absence of eggs and helminth larvae.

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RESUMO

El presente trabajo es un estudio realizado con el objeto de determinar el grado de compromiso ambiental operado en la Colonia Agrícola (Neuquén), por efecto de la actividad petrolera que en este momento desarrolla una empresa del ramo. Los autores pertenecen a la UN del Comahue, Laboratorio de Investigaciones y Servicios en Control de Calidad Ambiental. Se tuvieron en cuenta aspectos legales, institucionales, económicos e informativos educativos, finalmente la incidencia en la gestión ambiental

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